scholarly journals Survival of thermophilic spore-forming bacteria in a 90+ year old milk powder from Ernest Shackelton's Cape Royds Hut in Antarctica

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron S Ronimus ◽  
Andreas Rueckert ◽  
Hugh W Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Thermophilic Bacilli ◽  
The World ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Anoxybacillus Flavithermus ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria ◽  
Spray Dried

Milk powder taken to Antarctica on Shackelton's British Antarctic Expedition in 1907 was produced in New Zealand by a roller drying process in the first factory in the world dedicated to this process. Thermophilic bacilli are the dominant contaminants of modern spray-dried milk powders and the 1907 milk powder allows a comparison to be made of contaminating strains in roller-dried and spray-dried powders. Samples of milk powder obtained from Shackelton's Hut at Cape Royds had low levels of thermophilic contamination (<500 cfu ml−1) but the two dominant strains (Bacillus licheniformis strain F and Bacillus subtilis) were typical of those found in spray-dried powders. Soil samples from the floor of the hut also contained these strains, whereas soils distant from the hut did not. Differences in the RAPD profiles of isolates from the milk powder and the soils suggest that contamination of the milk from the soil was unlikely. It is significant that the most commonly encountered contaminant strain in modern spray-dried milk (Anoxybacillus flavithermus strain C) was not detected in the 1907 sample.

scholarly journals Influence of Cations on Growth of Thermophilic Geobacillus spp. and Anoxybacillus flavithermus in Planktonic Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 2477-2481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Somerton ◽  
Jon Palmer ◽  
John Brooks ◽  
Edward Smolinski ◽  
Denise Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Planktonic Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Free Ions ◽  
Thermophilic Bacilli ◽  
Anoxybacillus Flavithermus ◽  
Powder Manufacturing

ABSTRACTFree ions of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+influenced the optical density of planktonic cultures of thermophilic bacilli.Anoxybacillus flavithermusE16 andGeobacillussp. strain F75 (milk powder manufacturing plant isolates) andA. flavithermusDSM 2641 andG. thermoleovoransDSM 5366 were studied. Ca2+and Mg2+were associated with increases in optical density more so than Na+and K+. Overall, it appeared that Ca2+and/or Mg2+was required for the production of protein in thermophilic bacilli, as shown by results obtained withA. flavithermusE16, which was selected for further study.

Influence of Reconstitution on Isolation and Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes from Milk Powder Used for Reference Samples

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL H. IN'T VELD ◽  
POP S. S. SOENTORO ◽  
ELLEN H. M. DELFGOU-VAN ASCH ◽  
SERVE NOTERMANS
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Spray Dried

To test the performance of the Listeria isolation methods, reference samples consisting of gelatin capsules filled with spray-dried milk powder containing Listeria have been developed. During the spray-drying process the Listeria cells are exposed to heat stress and are susceptible to osmotic stress during the reconstitution procedure. To limit the effect of osmotic shock, the milk powder has to be encapsulated in gelatin in order to guarantee slow dissolution. Furthermore, the capsules have to be preen-riched in a nonselective medium. The practical consequences of these findings are discussed.

Is the Acidic pH of the External Auditory Canal Playing a Significant Role in the Treatment of Acute Otitis Externa?

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2304-2305
Author(s):  
Oana Ruxandra Iana ◽  
Dragos Cristian Stefanescu ◽  
Viorel Zainea ◽  
Razvan Hainarosie
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The World ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Value Changes

Variable pH values for skin have been reported in the literature, all within the acidic range, varying from 4.0 up to 7. 0. The origin of the acidic pH remains conjectural, and several factors have been incriminated with this role, such as eccrine and sebaceous secretions as well as proton pumps. Keeping low levels of pH prevents microbial dispersal as well as multiplication. The skin in the external auditory canal is also covered with this acidic mantle with antimicrobial value. Changes of pH in the external ear can lead to acute otitis externa. This condition is defined by the inflammation and infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues of the external auditory canal. 10% of the world�s population may suffer from acute otitis externa at least once in their lifetime. This paper aims to consolidate the relevance of an acidic pH in the healthy external ear and its relation to the pathogenesis and treatment of otitis externa through a prospective and interventional clinical study on 80 patients who presented to the outpatient department at Prof. Dr D. Hociota ENT Institute in Buch

Population Genetics ofCaenorhabditis elegans: The Paradox of Low Polymorphism in a Widespread Species

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Sivasundar ◽  
Jody Hey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Model Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans has become one of the most widely used model research organisms, yet we have little information on evolutionary processes and recent evolutionary history of this widespread species. We examined patterns of variation at 20 microsatellite loci in a sample of 23 natural isolates of C. elegans from various parts of the world. One-half of the loci were monomorphic among all strains, and overall genetic variation at microsatellite loci was low, relative to most other species. Some population structure was detected, but there was no association between the genetic and geographic distances among different natural isolates. Thus, despite the nearly worldwide occurrence of C. elegans, little evidence was found for local adaptation in strains derived from different parts of the world. The low levels of genetic variation within and among populations suggest that recent colonization and population expansion might have occurred. However, the patterns of variation are not consistent with population expansion. A possible explanation for the observed patterns is the action of background selection to reduce polymorphism, coupled with ongoing gene flow among populations worldwide.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Conductive Drying of Phosphate Washing Waste Clay

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Fatiha Berroug ◽  
Yassir Bellaziz ◽  
Naaila Ouazzani ◽  
Fatima Ait Nouh ◽  
Abdessamad Hejjaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
The World ◽  
Drying System

Morocco is the leading producer of phosphate and its derivatives in the world with a total production of 35 Mt. However, the extraction and the valorization of this mine generate huge quantities of phosphate washing waste clay (PHWWC) that constitute a main environmental and economic concern. To facilitate this waste clay storage and handling, it is necessary to decrease its moisture content that represents 80% of PHWWC. The present paper is devoted to studying the conductive drying of PHWWC. Drying experiments were conducted in a laboratory pilot. Afterwards, the experiment results were implemented in a one-dimensional numerical model of heat and mass transfer in a porous media to identify the drying parameters and performances. It was found that most of the water contained in PHWWC is free water that is removed with a constant drying rate. The volume reduction with a marked cracks phenomenon attained 65% without any significant effect of drying temperature and sample thickness. The effective moisture diffusivity of the PHWWC for a conductive drying process is ranged between 10−9 and 1.1 × 10−8 m2·s−1. The thermal efficiency of the drying system is up to 86%. The results could be used for the purpose of design and scale-up of the industrial dryer based on laboratory-scale experiments.

Does context matter? Examining robbery reporting in a high crime country

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110313
Author(s):  
Wilson Hernández ◽  
Katrina R Heimark
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
The World ◽  
Victimization Rate ◽  
Global North ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Crime

Most empirical studies that examine why individuals report property crimes to the police have focused on Global North countries where crime rates are low. This study is situated in the most violent area of the world, Latin America, and examines Peru, which has the highest robbery victimization rate in the Americas. This article examines the applicability of theories of crime reporting in this Global South context using a large sample and multilevel modeling. We find that trust in the police has no impact on the reporting of the robbery of one’s cellphone, purse or wallet. The theories of rational choice and Black’s stratification of law provide strong explanations for the reporting of robbery of these personal items. Individuals of higher social status and those who reside in districts with low levels of social disadvantage are more likely to report, as well as those who have experienced violent victimization.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Associated with Spray-Dried Milk

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. R. Anderson ◽  
Doris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Spray Dried

SummaryEight explosive outbreaks of food poisoning, occurring in school canteens in England during 1953 and affecting 1190 known cases, are described. The clinical features were characteristic of the toxin type of illness. No deaths occurred.The food causing all of these outbreaks was prepared from spray-dried skim milk powder. It was not subsequently heat-treated and was usually consumed 3–4 hr. after preparation.The spray-dried milk powder proved to contain a high content of bacteria, including large numbers of Staph. aureus, of a phage pattern often associated with food poisoning. The assumption was therefore made that these outbreaks were caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin.Because the food was often consumed within 3–4 hr. of reconstitution of the milk powder—before, in fact, the staphylococci had had time to grow—it is concluded that the poisoning must have been due mainly to pre-formed toxin.Consideration is given to the opportunities for the formation of toxin in a spray-drying plant, and reasons are brought forward for believing that it is formed mainly in the balance tank where the warm milk is kept, sometimes for several hours, before passing into the final drying chamber.The processing of the milk and the precautions for preventing contamination of the finished product are discussed.

The Tercentenary Conversazione, 23 July 1960

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Academy ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Royal Astronomical Society ◽  
Meeting Room ◽  
The World ◽  
Antarctic Expedition

The Conversazione on Saturday 23 July, honoured by the presence of H.R.H. The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was the principal occasion during the Celebrations when the Society was able to entertain its guests within Burlington House. This was made possible by the generous co-operation of the neighbouring Societies in Burlington House, and the willingness of the Presidents and Councils of the Society of Antiquaries, the Royal Academy of Arts, the Royal Astronomical Society, the Chemical Society, the Geological Society and the Linnean Society not only to open their rooms but also to arrange appropriate exhibits for the occasion. Some 2000 persons attended and in addition to the scientific exhibits they were able to view the Academy’s i960 Summer Exhibition of oil paintings, water colours, pastels, tempera and miniatures; drawings, engravings, etchings; sculpture; architectural drawings and models in the main galleries of the Royal Academy of Arts. Two colour films, each relating to expeditions directly sponsored by the Society, were on view during the evening, Halley Bay, prepared by members of the Society’s I.G.Y. Antarctic Expedition, was shown in the Meeting Room of the Society of Antiquaries and South from Chiloe , which described the Society’s expedition to Southern Chile to study biological and geological problems among the islands of Western Patagonia, was shown in the Meeting Room of the Geological Society. In the Royal Society’s own rooms there were displayed some three hundred congratulatory addresses as well as the several gifts received by the Society from Academies, Universities and Learned Institutions from all over the world on the occasion of the Tercentenary Celebrations (see pp. 103-113). These were arranged around the walls and on tables in the Library making a very impressive display. The Society’s own Treasures, the Mace, the Charter Book, the manuscript of the Principia and Newton’s telescope were also on view and in addition there was a small exhibit of books and pamphlets illustrating attacks made on the Society during its history. This was arranged by Professor E. N. da C. Andrade who also lent the material for it.

scholarly journals Characterization of thermophilic bacilli from a milk powder processing plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Burgess ◽  
S.H. Flint ◽  
D. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Powder Processing ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Thermophilic Bacilli
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