Photometric Application of the Gram Stain Method To Characterize Natural Bacterial Populations in Aquatic Environments

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 742-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Saida ◽  
N. Ytow ◽  
H. Seki
Keyword(s):  
Wall Structure ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Dichotomous Classification

ABSTRACT The Gram stain method was applied to the photometric characterization of aquatic bacterial populations with a charge-coupled device camera and an image analyzer. Escherichia coli andBacillus subtilis were used as standards of typical gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. A mounting agent to obtain clear images of Gram-stained bacteria on Nuclepore membrane filters was developed. The bacterial stainability by the Gram stain was indicated by the Gram stain index (GSI), which was applicable not only to the dichotomous classification of bacteria but also to the characterization of cell wall structure. The GSI spectra of natural bacterial populations in water with various levels of eutrophication showed a distinct profile, suggesting possible staining specificity that indicates the presence of a particular bacterial population in the aquatic environment.

Detection of Yellow Hawkweed (Hieracium pratense) with High Resolution Multispectral Digital Imagery

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert W. Carson ◽  
Lawrence W. Lass ◽  
Robert H. Callihan
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Digital Imagery ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Spectral Filters ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Northern Idaho

Yellow hawkweed infests permanent upland pastures and forest meadows in northern Idaho. Conventional surveys to determine infestations of this weed are not practical. A charge coupled device with spectral filters mounted in an airplane was used to obtain digital images (1 m resolution) of flowering yellow hawkweed. Supervised classification of the digital images predicted more area infested by yellow hawkweed than did unsupervised classification. Where yellow hawkweed was the dominant ground cover species, infestations were detectable with high accuracy from digital images. Moderate yellow hawkweed infestation detection was unreliable, and areas having less than 20% yellow hawkweed cover were not detected.

Rapid structural and chemical characterization of ternary phase diagrams using synchrotron radiation

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2522-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Specht ◽  
A. Rar ◽  
G. M. Pharr ◽  
E. P. George ◽  
P. Zschack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combinatorial Materials ◽  
A Charge

A technique based on synchrotron radiation was developed that allows for rapid structural and chemical characterization of ternary alloys over a wide range of composition. The technique was applied to isothermal sections of the Cr–Fe–Ni system grown on Al2O3(0001) sapphire substrates by sequential deposition of layers of graded.thickness followed by annealing to interdiffuse the elements. A film spanning the Cr–Fe–Ni ternary system was measured in 4 h at a resolution of 2 at.% by rastering the sample under a focused beam of synchrotron radiation while simultaneously measuring the diffraction pattern with a charge-coupled device detector to determine crystallographic phases, texture, and lattice parameters and also measuring the x-ray fluorescence with an energy-dispersive detector to determine elemental composition. Maps of phase composition and lattice parameter as a function of composition for several annealing treatments were found to be consistent with equilibrium values. The technique will be useful in combinatorial materials design.

Characterization of an x-ray framing camera utilizing a charge coupled device or film as recording media

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 4054-4060 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Logory ◽  
D. R. Farley ◽  
A. D. Conder ◽  
E. A. Belli ◽  
P. M. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recording Media ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
X Ray ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Framing Camera

Characterization of a charge-coupled-device detector in the 1100–014-nm (1-eV to 9-keV) spectral region

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Poletto ◽  
Alessio Boscolo ◽  
Giuseppe Tondello
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Region ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
A Charge

scholarly journals The Inspection of Raw- Silk Defects Using Image Vision

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtian Pan ◽  
Miao Chen ◽  
Baoqi Zuo ◽  
Yucai Hu
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
The Moment ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Ccd Image

The inspection of defects is one of the most important aspects in the quality inspection of raw silk. We introduce a raw-silk defect detection system based on image vision and image analysis that is accurate and objective. In the experimental phase, we develop an image-acquisition section—which includes a charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor, a telecentric lens, a light source, and a raw-silk winding device to capture the raw silk images steadily. After the image capture stage, an image-processing section tasked with threshold segmentation and morphology operations is carried out to obtain the defects of raw silk. To classify the raw-silk defects accurately and quickly, we propose an area method for the classification of raw-silk defects into five categories: larger defects, large defects, common defects, small defects, and smaller defects. Meanwhile, in order to recognize the common raw-silk defects—e.g., Bavella silk, nodes, and loose ends—that cannot be detected by the Uster evenness tester, the moment invariants of each segmented region of the images are extracted and used as the input of support vector machine(SVM).A SVM is designed as a classifier to recognize the samples. The experimental results show that the proposed method can recognize these common raw-silk defects effectively. According to the new classification and accurate recognition of raw-silk defects using the proposed method, we can improve the inspection standards for raw silk and advise raw-silk reeling enterprises seeking to optimize the technological parameters.

Development and characterization of a charge‐coupled device detection system for ion microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Turner ◽  
David S. Mantus ◽  
Yong‐Chien Ling ◽  
Mark T. Bernius ◽  
George H. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Ion Microscopy ◽  
A Charge

Characterization of a Charge-Coupled Device Photoarray as a Molecular Absorption Spectrophotometric Detector

1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Ratzlaff ◽  
Steven L. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Molecular Absorption ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Rapid Scan ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Dark Signal

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in the use of solid-state multichannel detectors as sensors for rapid-scan spectroscopy. The charge-coupled device (CCD) photoarray, not previously characterized for this application, is described. The unit has 1728 elements, arranged linearily, which integrate light over the same time frame; the photo signals are then read serially. The CCD was found to produce signals which are linear with both intensity and integration time. The dark signal at −10°C is 0.1% of saturation for a 10 ms integration time, and the noise level is less than 0.08% of saturation. The wavelength response is in the visible region. The application for rapid-scan spectrophotometry is also discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of a charge-coupled device array for Bragg spectroscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 043107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Indelicato ◽  
Eric-Olivier Le Bigot ◽  
Martino Trassinelli ◽  
Detlev Gotta ◽  
Maik Hennebach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Bragg Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of Celastrol, a Nortriterpen Quinone Isolated from Natural Sources

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Nayely Padilla-Montaño ◽  
Leandro de León Guerra ◽  
Laila Moujir
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Dna And Rna Synthesis ◽  
Natural Derivative ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Species of the Celastraceae family are traditionally consumed in different world regions for their stimulating properties. Celastrol, a triterpene methylene quinone isolated from plants of celastraceas, specifically activates satiety centers in the brain that play an important role in controlling body weight. In this work, the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of celastrol and a natural derivative, pristimerin, were investigated in Bacillus subtilis. Celastrol showed a higher antimicrobial activity compared with pristimerin, being active against Gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) that ranged between 0.16 and 2.5 µg/mL. Killing curves displayed a bactericidal effect that was dependent on the inoculum size. Monitoring of macromolecular synthesis in bacterial populations treated with these compounds revealed inhibition in the incorporation of all radiolabeled precursors, but not simultaneously. Celastrol at 3 µg/mL and pristimerin at 10 µg/mL affected DNA and RNA synthesis first, followed by protein synthesis, although the inhibitory action on the uptake of radiolabeled precursors was more dramatic with celastrol. This compound also caused cytoplasmic membrane disruption observed by potassium leakage and formation of mesosome-like structures. The inhibition of oxygen consumption of whole and disrupted cells after treatments with both quinones indicates damage in the cellular structure, suggesting the cytoplasmic membrane as a potential target. These findings indicate that celastrol could be considered as an interesting alternative to control outbreaks caused by spore-forming bacteria.

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