scholarly journals Quantification of the Flavonoid-Degrading BacteriumEubacterium ramulus in Human Fecal Samples with a Species-Specific Oligonucleotide Hybridization Probe

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 3705-3709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Simmering ◽  
Brigitta Kleessen ◽  
Michael Blaut
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probe ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hybridization Probe ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Oligonucleotide Hybridization ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

ABSTRACT To investigate the occurrence of the flavonoid-degrading bacteriumEubacterium ramulus in the human intestinal tract, an oligonucleotide probe designated S-S-E.ram-0997-a-A-18 was designed and validated, with over 90 bacterial strains representing the dominant described human fecal flora. Application of S-S-E.ram-0997-a-A-18 to fecal samples from 20 subjects indicated the presence of E. ramulus in each individual tested in numbers from 4.4 × 107 to 2.0 × 109 cells/g of fecal dry mass. Six fecal E. ramulus isolates were recognized by S-S-E.ram-0997-a-A-18 but exhibited different band patterns when analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Degradation of Flavonoids by Clostridium orbiscindens

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 5849-5854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Schoefer ◽  
Ruchika Mohan ◽  
Andreas Schwiertz ◽  
Annett Braune ◽  
Michael Blaut
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Specific Oligonucleotide Probe ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

ABSTRACT An anaerobic, quercetin-degrading bacterium was isolated from human feces and identified as Clostridium orbiscindens by comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The organism was tested for its ability to transform several flavonoids. The isolated C. orbiscindens strain converted quercetin and taxifolin to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; luteolin and eriodictyol to 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid; and apigenin, naringenin, and phloretin to 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, respectively. Genistein and daidzein were not utilized. The glycosidic bonds of luteolin-3-glucoside, luteolin-5-glucoside, naringenin-7-neohesperidoside (naringin), quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin), and phloretin-2′-glucoside were not cleaved. Based on the intermediates and products detected, pathways for the degradation of the flavonol quercetin and the flavones apigenin and luteolin are proposed. To investigate the numerical importance of C. orbiscindens in the human intestinal tract, a species-specific oligonucleotide probe was designed and tested for its specificity. Application of the probe to fecal samples from 10 human subjects proved the presence of C. orbiscindens in 8 out of the 10 samples tested. The numbers ranged from 1.87 × 108 to 2.50 × 109 cells g of fecal dry mass−1, corresponding to a mean count of 4.40 × 108 cells g of dry feces−1.

scholarly journals Distribution of Bifidobacterial Species in Human Intestinal Microflora Examined with 16S rRNA-Gene-Targeted Species-Specific Primers

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 4506-4512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Matsuki ◽  
Koichi Watanabe ◽  
Ryuichiro Tanaka ◽  
Masafumi Fukuda ◽  
Hiroshi Oyaizu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

ABSTRACT In order to clarify the distribution of bifidobacterial species in the human intestinal tract, a 16S rRNA-gene-targeted species-specific PCR technique was developed and used with DNAs extracted from fecal samples obtained from 48 healthy adults and 27 breast-fed infants. To cover all of the bifidobacterial species that have been isolated from and identified in the human intestinal tract, species-specific primers for Bifidobacterium longum, B. infantis,B. dentium, and B. gallicum were developed and used with primers for B. adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, and the B. catenulatum group (B. catenulatum andB. pseudocatenulatum) that were developed in a previous study (T. Matsuki, K. Watanabe, R. Tanaka, and H. Oyaizu, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 167:113–121, 1998). The specificity of the nine primers was confirmed by PCR, and the species-specific PCR method was found to be a useful means for identifying Bifidobacteriumstrains isolated from human feces. The results of an examination of bifidobacterial species distribution showed that the B. catenulatum group was the most commonly found taxon (detected in 44 of 48 samples [92%]), followed by B. longum andB. adolescentis, in the adult intestinal bifidobacterial flora and that B. breve, B. infantis, andB. longum were frequently found in the intestinal tracts of infants. The present study demonstrated that qualitative detection of the bifidobacterial species present in human feces can be accomplished rapidly and accurately.

scholarly journals Akkermansia muciniphila in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: When, Where, and How?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Geerlings ◽  
Ioannis Kostopoulos ◽  
Willem de Vos ◽  
Clara Belzer
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucin-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia. Its abundance in the human intestinal tract is inversely correlated to several disease states. A. muciniphila resides in the mucus layer of the large intestine, where it is involved in maintaining intestinal integrity. We explore the presence of Akkermansia-like spp. based on its 16S rRNA sequence and metagenomic signatures in the human body so as to understand its colonization pattern in time and space. A. muciniphila signatures were detected in colonic samples as early as a few weeks after birth and likely could be maintained throughout life. The sites where Akkermansia-like sequences (including Verrucomicrobia phylum and/or Akkermansia spp. sequences found in the literature) were detected apart from the colon included human milk, the oral cavity, the pancreas, the biliary system, the small intestine, and the appendix. The function of Akkermansia-like spp. in these sites may differ from that in the mucosal layer of the colon. A. muciniphila present in the appendix or in human milk could play a role in the re-colonization of the colon or breast-fed infants, respectively. In conclusion, even though A. muciniphila is most abundantly present in the colon, the presence of Akkermansia-like spp. along the digestive tract indicates that this bacterium might have more functions than those currently known.

An optimized culture medium to isolate Lactobacillus fermentum strains from the human intestinal tract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Leilei Yu ◽  
Fengwei Tian ◽  
Jianxin Zhao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

In this study, 51 Lactobacillus species were detected in 200 human fecal samples, and the relative abundance of L. fermentum in those samples was found to be lower than the...

The human intestinal tract – a hotbed of resistance gene transfer? Part I

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Salyers ◽  
Kyung Moon ◽  
David Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

The growth of Moniliformis (Acanthocephala) in rats fed on various monosaccharides and disaccharides

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1175) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Aspects of the course of infection, growth and reproductive activity of Moniliformis were studied in adult male and female rats fed on iso -energetic purified diets containing various sugars. When rats were infected and fed on experimental diets containing either 3% glucose or 3% galactose for 5 weeks, very little growth of the worms and no signs of reproduction were observed. In contrast, Moniliformis grew well and showed many signs of normal reproduction when the rats were fed on diets containing either 3% fructose or 3% mannose. The ability of the worms to grow and reproduce was not lost by maintaining them first for 5 weeks in rats fed on diets containing 3% glucose and 3% galactose. When the diets of such rats were changed to ones containing 3% starch and 3% fructose, respectively, for a further 5 weeks, the worms grew and normal reproduction occurred. Similar experiments were carried out in which groups of infected rats were fed for 5 weeks on diets containing gradually increasing amounts of glucose (6-36%). It was not until the rats were fed on diets containing 24% glucose that the mean dry mass of the worms approached that of worms from rats fed on the diet con­taining 3% fructose; no host diet was found to be as effective a supporter of worm growth as 3% mannose. Under no circumstances, not even when the host’s diet contained 36%, was galactose found to be a suitable sugar for supporting the growth and reproduction of Moniliformis . Results consistent with those recorded for worms from rats fed on the diets containing monosaccharides were obtained when infected rats were fed for 5 weeks on diets containing 3% of various disaccharides. Considerable growth and reproduction of Moniliformis occurred when sucrose was included in the host’s diet, but not when lactose, maltose or trehalose was present. Several of these observations may be related to the fact that different sugars are absorbed at different rates from the intestinal tract. It is suggested that all of a given sugar, when present in the diet at a low concentration, may be removed rapidly from the anterior part of the small intestine with the result that none will be available to the parasites. Significant amounts, however, of those sugars that are absorbed more slowly may reach the region of the intestine in which the parasite normally lives.

Effectiveness of 3 antagonistic bacterial isolates to control Rhizoctonia solani Kühn on lettuce and potato

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Grosch ◽  
Franziska Faltin ◽  
Jana Lottmann ◽  
A Kofoet ◽  
Gabriele Berg
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Serratia Plymuthica ◽  
Suppression Effect

Rhizoctonia solani causes yield losses in numerous economically important European crops. To develop a biocontrol strategy, 3 potato-associated ecto- and endophytically living bacterial strains Pseudomonas fluorescens B1, Pseudomonas fluorescens B2, and Serratia plymuthica B4 were evaluated against R. solani in potato and in lettuce. The disease-suppression effect of the 3 biocontrol agents (BCAs) was tested in a growth chamber and in the field. In growth chamber experiments, all 3 BCAs completely or significantly limited the dry mass (DM) losses on lettuce and the disease severity (DS) caused by R. solani on potato sprouts. Strain B1 showed the highest suppression effect (52% on average) on potato. Under field conditions, the DS on both crops, which were bacterized, decreased significantly, and the biomass losses on lettuce decreased significantly as well. The greatest disease-suppression effect on potato was achieved by strain B1 (37%), followed by B2 (33%) and then B4 (31%), whereas the marketable tuber yield increased up to 12% (B1), 6% (B2), and 17% (B4) compared with the pathogen control at higher disease pressure. Furthermore, in all experiments, B1 proved to be the most effective BCA against R. solani. Therefore, this BCA could be a candidate for developing a commercial product against Rhizoctonia diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the high potential of endophytes to be used as a biological control agent against R. solani under field conditions.Key words: biocontrol, Rhizoctonia solani, field grown lettuce and potato, antagonistic bacteria, endophytes.

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