scholarly journals Ecology and Transmission of Listeria monocytogenes Infecting Ruminants and in the Farm Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4458-4467 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Nightingale ◽  
Y. H. Schukken ◽  
C. R. Nightingale ◽  
E. D. Fortes ◽  
A. J. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT A case-control study involving 24 case farms with at least one recent case of listeriosis and 28 matched control farms with no listeriosis cases was conducted to probe the transmission and ecology of Listeria monocytogenes on farms. A total of 528 fecal, 516 feed, and 1,012 environmental soil and water samples were cultured for L. monocytogenes. While the overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes in cattle case farms (24.4%) was similar to that in control farms (20.2%), small-ruminant (goat and sheep) farms showed a significantly (P < 0.0001) higher prevalence in case farms (32.9%) than in control farms (5.9%). EcoRI ribotyping of clinical (n = 17) and farm (n = 414) isolates differentiated 51 ribotypes. L. monocytogenes ribotypes isolated from clinical cases and fecal samples were more frequent in environmental than in feed samples, indicating that infected animals may contribute to L. monocytogenes dispersal into the farm environment. Ribotype DUP-1038B was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with fecal samples compared with farm environment and animal feedstuff samples. Ribotype DUP-1045A was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with soil compared to feces and with control farms compared to case farms. Our data indicate that (i) the epidemiology and transmission of L. monocytogenes differ between small-ruminant and cattle farms; (ii) cattle contribute to amplification and dispersal of L. monocytogenes into the farm environment, (iii) the bovine farm ecosystem maintains a high prevalence of L. monocytogenes, including subtypes linked to human listeriosis cases and outbreaks, and (iv) L. monocytogenes subtypes may differ in their abilities to infect animals and to survive in farm environments.

scholarly journals Ocular Comorbidities in Rosacea: A Case-Control Study Based on Seven Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2897
Author(s):  
Yu Ri Woo ◽  
Minah Cho ◽  
Hyun Jeong Ju ◽  
Jung Min Bae ◽  
Sang Hyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Surface Changes

Rosacea is a facial inflammatory dermatosis that is linked with various systemic illnesses. With regards to the eye, rosacea patients have been described to manifest ocular surface changes, such as blepharitis and conjunctivitis. However, studies that examine the association of rosacea with a wider array of ocular diseases are limited. Thus, our aim was to identify the range of ocular comorbidities in the Korean patient population and create a reference data set. A multi-institutional, case-control study was conducted, where 12,936 rosacea patients and an equal number of sex- and age-matched control subjects were extracted over a 12-year period. We were able to discover a notable association between rosacea and blepharitis (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.44; 95% confidence interval, 2.71–4.36, p < 0.001), conjunctivitis (aOR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.50–1.82, p < 0.001), glaucoma (aOR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.70–2.20, p < 0.001), dry eye syndrome (aOR 1.89; 95% CI, 1.70–2.09, p < 0.001), and chalazion (aOR 3.26; 95% CI, 1.41–7.57, p = 0.006) from logistic regression analysis. Female subjects and individuals younger than 50 exclusively showed higher odds for chalazion. Our study suggests that ocular comorbidities (i.e., glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, and chalazion as well as blepharitis and conjunctivitis) are more prevalent among Koreans with rosacea. Clinicians should proactively check ocular symptoms in rosacea and employ joint care with an ophthalmologist in cases of need.

scholarly journals Herpes Zoster Does Not Increase the Risk of Neurodegenerative Dementia: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 153331752110065
Author(s):  
Hyo Geun Choi ◽  
Bum Jung Park ◽  
Jae Sung Lim ◽  
Song Yong Sim ◽  
Yoon Jung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Herpes Zoster Infection ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementia ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
Control Study

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the association between neurodegenerative dementia and herpes zoster infection (HZI) using a national sample cohort. Methods: From the national cohort study conducted by the Korean National Health Insurance Service, we extracted data for patients with neurodegenerative dementia and for 1:4 matched control participants and searched the patient histories for HZI. Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for HZI was 0.90 (95% CI = 0.84-0.97) in the dementia group. According to the subgroup analysis, the adjusted OR for HZI was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 -1.00) in the < 80 years old group, 0.88 (95% CI = 0.78 -1.00) in the ≥ 80 years old group, 0.77 (95% CI = 0.66-0.89) in men and 0.96 (95% CI = 0.88 -1.05) in women. Conclusions: We concluded that HZI does not increase the risk of neurodegenerative dementia in individuals of any age or of either sex.

scholarly journals Case Control Study of Cerebrovascular Damage Defined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with OSA and Normal Matched Control Subjects

SLEEP ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W.H. Davies ◽  
Joy H. Crosby ◽  
Rebecca L. Mullins ◽  
Zoë C. Traill ◽  
Philip Anslow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Control Study

High prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women with endometriosis: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Porpora ◽  
S. Scaramuzzino ◽  
C. Sangiuliano ◽  
I. Piacenti ◽  
V. Bonanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Control Study

Validation of key indicators in cattle farms at high risk of animal welfare problems: a qualitative case-control study

2013 ◽  
Vol 172 (12) ◽  
pp. 314-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Kelly ◽  
S. J. More ◽  
M. Blake ◽  
I. Higgins ◽  
T. Clegg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Is Gout Associated with Pyoderma Gangrenosum? A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalaf Kridin ◽  
Ralf J. Ludwig ◽  
Dana Tzur Bitan ◽  
Mouhammad Kridin ◽  
Giovanni Damiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyoderma Gangrenosum ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Control Study

The coexistence of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and gout has been reported in individual patients; however, the association between these conditions has not been investigated. We aimed to assess the association between PG and gout and to examine whether the presence of gout predisposes to the development of PG. A population-based case-control study was conducted comparing PG patients (n = 302) with age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects (n = 1497) with respect to the presence of preceding gout. Logistic regression models were utilized for univariate and multivariate analyses. The prevalence of preceding gout was greater in patients with PG than in control subjects (3.7% vs. 0.7%, respectively; p < 0.001). Gout was associated with a more than fivefold increase in the risk of PG (OR, 5.15; 95% CI, 2.21–11.98). After adjusting for confounding factors, gout emerged as a significant independent predictor of PG (adjusted OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 1.69–9.80). Gout preceded the diagnosis of PG by a median latency of 4.6 years. Patients with gout-associated PG were older, predominantly male, and had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than other patients with PG. In conclusion, gout increases the risk of developing PG by more than fivefold. Physicians managing patients with gout and PG should be aware of this emerging association.

scholarly journals Matched case-control study evaluating the frequency of the main agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in piglets

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo T. Lippke ◽  
Sandra M. Borowski ◽  
Sandra M.T. Marques ◽  
Suelen O. Paesi ◽  
Laura L. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Type A ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Neonatal Diarrhea ◽  
Control Study

A case-control study was carried out in litters of 1 to 7-day-old piglets to identify the main infectious agents involved with neonatal diarrhea in pigs. Fecal samples (n=276) from piglets were collected on pig farms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from May to September 2007. Litters with diarrhea were considered cases (n=129) and normal litters (n=147) controls. The samples were examined by latex agglutination test, PAGE, conventional isolating techniques, ELISA, PCR, and microscopic methods in order to detect rotavirus, bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens type A and C, and Clostridium difficile), and parasites (Coccidian and Cryptosporidium spp.). Outbreaks of diarrhea were not observed during sampling. At least one agent was detected in fecal samples on 25 out of 28 farms (89.3%) and in 16 farms (57.1%) more than one agent was found. The main agents diagnosed were Coccidia (42.86%) and rotavirus (39.29%). The main agents identified in litters with diarrhea were Clostridium difficile (10.6%), Clostridium perfringens type A (8.8%) and rotavirus (7.5%); in control litters, Clostridium difficile (16.6%) and Coccidian (8.5%). Beta hemolytic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens type C were not detected. When compared with controls, no agent was significantly associated with diarrhea in case litters. These findings stress the need for caution in the interpretation of laboratorial diagnosis of mild diarrhea in neonatal pigs, as the sole detection of an agent does not necessarily indicate that it is the cause of the problem.

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