scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Immunoglobulin A Antibodies against Tissue Transglutaminase in Patients with Diverse Chronic Liver Diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios E. Germenis ◽  
Efthalia E. Yiannaki ◽  
Kalliopi Zachou ◽  
Violeta Roka ◽  
Sotirios Barbanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Hla Dq

ABSTRACT The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) and the prevalence and clinical significance of anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies (tTGAbs) in a large series of patients with chronic liver diseases were assessed. We studied 738 patients (462 with chronic viral hepatitis, 117 with autoimmune liver diseases, 113 with alcoholic or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and 46 with other liver disorders) and 1,350 healthy controls (HC). Immunoglobulin A (IgA) tTGAbs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a microsphere-based flow cytometric assay. Positive sera were investigated for IgA antiendomysial antibodies (EmA). IgA tTGAb-positive subjects were invited to undergo a small-intestinal biopsy and HLA-DQ allele typing. Four of 1,350 HC (0.3%) tested tTGAb+ EmA+ and underwent a biopsy (CD confirmation in all). Four of 738 liver disease patients tested tTGAbs+ EmA+ (0.54%; not statistically significant). Two were HCV infected (1.24%; not statistically significant), and two had transaminasemia of unknown origin. Forty-three patients tested tTGAbs+ EmA− (5.8%; P < 0.001 compared to HC). Inhibition experiments verified the existence of specific IgA anti-tTG reactivity. Twenty-six of 43 patients underwent a biopsy (all negative for CD). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed age (P = 0.008), cirrhosis (P = 0.004), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.026), and antinuclear antibodies (P = 0.012) as independent risk factors for tTGAb reactivity among the patients. It was concluded that CD prevalence is the same in HC and patients with chronic liver diseases. The prevalence of tTGAbs is higher in hepatic patients compared to HC, but their specificity for CD diagnosis in this group of patients is low. tTGAbs in patients appear to be associated with the presence of autoimmunity, cirrhosis, and cholestasis, irrespective of the origin of the liver disease.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Na Young Lee ◽  
Ki Tae Suk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

Liver cirrhosis is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. In addition to viral hepatitis, diseases such as steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, sclerosing cholangitis and Wilson’s disease can also lead to cirrhosis. Moreover, alcohol can cause cirrhosis on its own and exacerbate chronic liver disease of other causes. The treatment of cirrhosis can be divided into addressing the cause of cirrhosis and reversing liver fibrosis. To this date, there is still no clear consensus on the treatment of cirrhosis. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in potential treatments that modulate the gut microbiota and gut-liver axis for the treatment of cirrhosis. According to recent studies, modulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics ameliorates the progression of liver disease. The precise mechanism for relieving cirrhosis via gut microbial modulation has not been identified. This paper summarizes the role and effects of the gut microbiome in cirrhosis based on experimental and clinical studies on absorbable antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Moreover, it provides evidence of a relationship between the gut microbiome and liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals Asthenia and fatigue in hyperammonemia: etiopathogenesis and methods of correction

2022 ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Plotnikova ◽  
M. N. Sinkova ◽  
L. K. Isakov
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
The Brain

Asthenia and fatigue are the most common syndromes in patients with liver disease, which significantly affects their quality of life. The prevalence of fatigue in chronic liver diseases is from 50% to 85%. While some progress has been made in understanding the processes that can cause fatigue in general, the underlying causes of fatigue associated with liver disease remain not well understood. In particular, many data suggest that fatigue associated with liver disease likely results from changes in neurotransmission in the brain against the background of hyperammonemia. Hyperammonemia is a metabolic state characterized by an increased level of  ammonia, a  nitrogen-containing compound. The  present review describes hyperammonemia, which is likely important in the pathogenesis of fatigue associated with liver disease. Ammonia is a potent neurotoxin, its elevated blood levels can cause neurological signs and symptoms that can be acute or chronic, depending on the  underlying pathology. Hyperammonemia should be recognized early, and immediately treated to prevent the development of life-threatening complications, such as, swelling of the brain and coma. The article gives pathophysiological mechanisms of influence of hyperammonemia on state of psychovegetative status of patients with liver diseases, also lists basic principles of treatment. A significant part of the article is devoted to L-ornithine-L-aspartate, which is effective in asthenia and fatigue to reduce the level of hyperammonemia through a variety of well-studied mechanisms in chronic liver diseases.

scholarly journals The Course Of Chronic Liver Disease In Patients With Covid-2019 (Literature Review And Own Data)

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (09) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Muxamedova Z.R. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Liver Damage

The pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID-19 has switched medicine around the world on the primary fight against this infection. Patients with chronic liver diseases require increased attention of doctors during an epidemic, since against the background of an exacerbation of their disease, not only the risk of contracting the COVID 19 viral infection increases, but also its more severe course. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 with severe liver damage - high biochemical activity. According to some reports, patients with a severe course of COVID-19 have an increase in ALT levels, a decrease in the number of platelets, a decrease in the level of albumin, and a connection (although not all indicators) with a higher risk of mortality is possible.

scholarly journals Patients with chronic liver disease and COVID-19 (literature review and own data)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2/S) ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
D.H. Yuldasheva ◽  
Z.X. Muxamedova ◽  
N.S. Shadjanova
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Liver Damage

The pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID-19 has switched medicine around the world on the primary fight against this infection. Patients with chronic liver diseases require increased attention of doctors during an epidemic, since against the background of an exacerbation of their disease, not only the risk of contracting the COVID 19 viral infection increases, but also its more severe course. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 with severe liver damage - high biochemical activity. According to some reports, patients with a severe course of COVID-19 have an increase in ALT levels, a decrease in the number of platelets, a decrease in the level of albumin, and a connection (although not all indicators) with a higher risk of mortality is possible.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidiosis in patients with diarrhea and chronic liver diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1584-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Mousa ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Razik ◽  
Hala El-Nahas ◽  
Atef El-Shazly ◽  
Mohammad Abdelaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cryptosporidium Infection ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Pugh Class ◽  
Class C ◽  
Precipitating Factor

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical significance of Cryptosporidium in patients with diarrhea and chronic liver diseases. Methodology: The study included 150 patients with chronic liver diseases and diarrhea, and 50 subjects with diarrhea as a control group. Stool samples were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium by microscopic examination after modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and detection of Cryptosporidium coproantigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in patients with chronic liver diseases was 30% (45/150) versus 14% (7/50) in controls. Cryptosporidium infection increased with the progression of chronic liver diseases from Child-Pugh class A to Child-Pugh class C (p<  0.001) and from model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score ≤ 9 to MELD score > 9 (p< 0.031). Nine patients in Child-Pugh class C with diarrhea associated with Cryptosporidium infection developed hepatic encephalopathy, and only diarrhea was identified as a precipitating factor for hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusions: Cryptosporidium is one of the important causes of diarrhea in patients with chronic liver diseases. The infection significantly increased with the progression of chronic liver diseases. In patients with advanced chronic liver diseases, Cryptosporidium infection may be a precipitating factor of hepatic encephalopathy.

scholarly journals The clinical significance of serum chitinase 3‐like 1 in hepatitis B–related chronic liver diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenluo Jiang ◽  
Shuwei Wang ◽  
Jiancheng Jin ◽  
Sheng Ying ◽  
Zhigang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

The Clinical Significance of GP73 in Immunologically Mediated Chronic Liver Diseases: Experimental Data and Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjie Yao ◽  
Leijie Wang ◽  
Patrick S. C. Leung ◽  
Yanmei Li ◽  
Shuhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

scholarly journals Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Apoptosis in Liver Disease and Fibrosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayashree Bagchi Chakraborty ◽  
Fiona Oakley ◽  
Meagan J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
Fibrotic Scar ◽  
Fibrosis Regression ◽  
Nonalcoholic Liver Disease

Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Development of the fibrotic scar is an outcome of chronic liver diseases of varying aetiologies including alcoholic liver disease (ALD) nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) viral hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV). The critical step in the development of scar is activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which become the primary source of extracellular matrix. Aberrant apoptosis is a feature of chronic liver diseases and is associated with worsening stages of fibrosis. However, apoptosis is also the main mechanism promoting the resolution of fibrosis, and spontaneous or targeted apoptosis of HSC is associated with regression of fibrosis in animal models and patients with chronic liver disease. Given the importance of apoptosis in disease progression and resolution, there is much interest in precisely delineating the mechanisms involved and also developing biomarkers that accurately reflect the underlying pathogenesis. Here, we review the mechanisms driving apoptosis in development of liver disease and use of apoptosis -related biomarkers to aid in clinical diagnosis. Finally, we will also examine the recent literature regarding new insights into mechanisms involved in apoptosis of activated HSCs as possible method of fibrosis regression.

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