scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibody Differentiation ofMycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small-Colony Strains Causing Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia from Less Important Large-Colony Strains

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred R. Rurangirwa ◽  
Patrick S. Shompole ◽  
Anderson N. Wambugu ◽  
Travis C. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Polyclonal Antisera

ABSTRACT Monoclonal antibody (MAb) PK-2 inhibited the in vitro growth of nine Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoidessmall-colony strains. In contrast to the results with polyclonal antisera, growth inhibition by MAb PK-2 was specific for M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony strains and constituted a reliable means of distinguishing them from other mycoplasmas.

scholarly journals The ability of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides and closely related strains from goats and sheep to immunize mice against subspecies capri

1981 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Smith ◽  
Janet C. Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Cross Protection ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony

SummarySmall colony (SC) strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and from goats were compared with large colony (LC) strains of so-called M. mycoides subsp. mycoides from goats and sheep by means of a cross-protection test in which mice were challenged with M. mycoides subsp. capri.Of 13 LC strains, all gave partial cross-protection, and 11 were shown to be more closely related than four SC strains to subspecies capri. In a further experiment, six SC strains – three from CBPP and three from goats – all gave weak partial cross-protection against subspecies capri.

scholarly journals Characterization of Strains of Mycoplasma mycoidessubsp. mycoides Small Colony Type Isolated from Recent Outbreaks of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Botswana and Tanzania: Evidence for a New Biotype

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1419-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. March ◽  
Jason Clark ◽  
Malcolm Brodlie
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Protective Antigens ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony

Four strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.mycoides small colony type (MmmSC) isolated from recent outbreaks of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Africa have been investigated. One Botswanan strain, M375, displayed numerous and significant phenotypic differences from both contemporary field isolates and older field and vaccine strains (African, Australian, and European strains dating back to 1936). Differences include altered morphology, reduced capsular polysaccharide production, high sensitivity to MmmSC rabbit hyperimmune antisera in vitro, and unique polymorphisms following immunoblotting. While insertion sequence analysis using IS1634 clearly indicates a close evolutionary relationship to west African strains, hybridization with IS1296 shows the absence of a band present in all other strains of MmmSC examined. The data suggest that a deletion has occurred in strain M375, which may explain its altered phenotype, including poor growth in vitro and a relative inability to cause septicemia in mice. These characteristics are also exhibited byMycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae(causal agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia [CCPP]), against which M375 antiserum exhibited some activity in vitro (unique among the various MmmSC antisera tested). These findings may have evolutionary implications, since CCPP is believed to be lung specific and without a septicemic phase (unlike CBPP). Since M375 was isolated from a clinical case of CBPP, this novel biotype may be fairly widespread but not normally isolated due to difficulty of culture and/or a potentially altered disease syndrome. Bovine convalescent antisera (obtained from contemporary naturally infected cattle in Botswana) were active against strain M375 in an in vitro growth inhibition test but not against any other strains of MmmSC tested. There exists the possibility therefore, that strain M375 may possess a set of protective antigens different from those of other strains of MmmSC (including vaccine strains). These findings have implications for the control of the current CBPP epidemic in Africa.

scholarly journals Assessing the In Vitro Effectiveness of Antimicrobials against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small-Colony Type To Reduce Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 5162-5165 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ayling ◽  
S. Bisgaard-Frantzen ◽  
J. B. March ◽  
K. Godinho ◽  
R. A. J. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony

ABSTRACT In vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for 21 antimicrobials against 41 isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type, the cause of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Of the antimicrobials used most widely in Africa, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin were effective, while the isolates were resistant to tylosin. These results provide a baseline for monitoring antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony Type to Bovine Epithelial Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela F. Bischof ◽  
Carole Janis ◽  
Edy M. Vilei ◽  
Giuseppe Bertoni ◽  
Joachim Frey
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

ABSTRACT The cytotoxicities of various strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (SC), the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), were measured in vitro using embryonic calf nasal epithelial (ECaNEp) cells. Strains isolated from acute cases of CBPP induced high cytotoxicity in the presence of glycerol, concomitant with the release of large amounts of toxic H2O2 that were found to be translocated into the cytoplasms of the host cells by close contact of the Mycoplasma strains with the host cells. Currently used vaccine strains also showed high cytotoxicity and high H2O2 release, indicating that they are attenuated in another virulence attribute. Strains isolated from recent European outbreaks of CBPP with mild clinical signs, which are characterized by a defect in the glycerol uptake system, released small amounts of H2O2 and showed low cytotoxicity to ECaNEp cells. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC strain PG1 released large amounts of H2O2 but was only slightly cytotoxic. PG1 was found to have a reduced capacity to bind to ECaNEp cells and was unable to translocate H2O2 into the bovine cells, in contrast to virulent strains that release large amounts of H2O2. Thus, an efficient translocation of H2O2 into host cells is a prerequisite for the cytotoxic effect and requires an intact adhesion mechanism to ensure a close contact between mycoplasmas and host cells.

scholarly journals Observations on the antigenic differences between the so-called SC and LC strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

1981 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Smith ◽  
Janet C. Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Protective Antigens ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Strain Vaccine ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe so-called SC (small colony) and LC (large colony) strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides are said to be indistinguishable by the in vitro serological tests generally used in mycoplasmology. In mice the immunity given by a single dose of killed LC-strain vaccine against challenge with SC strains is – unlike that given by SC-strain vaccine – only partial.When multiple doses of killed or living vaccines were given, the majority of 13 LC strains still failed to immunize completely against a SC strain. This suggests that, although some protective antigens are shared between both types of strain, at least one of importance is present in the SC strains but absent from the majority of LC strains. The difference between the protective-antigen content of SC and most LC strains is thus qualitative, and not merely quantitative.

scholarly journals ACTIVIDAD ANTAGÓNICA ENTRE BACTERIAS EPIBIÓTICAS AISLADAS DE ESPONJAS MARINAS DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA MACROEPIBIOSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennyfer Mora Cristancho ◽  
Sven Zea ◽  
Diego L. Gil Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Surfaces submerged in the sea are densely colonized by bacteria, and inter-specic interactions such as growth inhibition are important determinants of the development of bacterial communities, as well as of later phases of macrofouling. To determine the potential interactions among biolm bacteria from sponges we carried out in vitro growth inhibition tests between bacterial strains isolated from surfaces with various degrees of macrofouling, from the sponges Aplysina insularis (clean), Aplysina lacunosa (fouled), and from the calcareous surface of the bivalve mollusk Donax sp. The total percentage of antagonistic interactions among these strains was 64 %; strains isolated from clean surfaces inhibited the growth of strains from well-colonized surfaces in a 1:1 ratio. Strains from clean surfaces had a higher frequency of antagonistic interactions. We propose bacterial antagonistic interaction as a possible mechanism of population growth regulation and, consequently, of the development of subsequent phases of macrofouling.

In silico evaluation and in vitro growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum by natural amides and synthetic analogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1879-1887
Author(s):  
Minelly Azevedo da Silva ◽  
Márcia Paranho Veloso ◽  
Kassius de Souza Reis ◽  
Guilherme de Matos Passarini ◽  
Ana Paula de Azevedo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Synthetic Analogs

Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Model for the in Vitro Human Osteoclast Characterization

1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Campanacci ◽  
Gian Paolo Bagnara ◽  
Massimo Serra ◽  
Marco Giovannini ◽  
Paolo Tornasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Giant Cell Tumor ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Human Osteoclast ◽  
High Doses

The in vitro growth pattern of cells obtained from bioptic material of ten patients with giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) was investigated. Cytochemical reactions and monoclonal antibodies raised against macrophage markers were tested on the two histologically identifiable GCT cell populations. Only monoclonal antibody EBM/11 stained both mononuclear and giant cells. EBM/11 positivity and resistance of acid phosphatase to high doses of tartrate strongly suggest that both mononuclear and giant cells belong to the same lineage.

Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on in vitro growth of human solid tumors.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1346-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Salmon ◽  
R Liu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Solid tumor biopsies from 33 patients were tested in vitro to evaluate the growth modulatory effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In 29 of 33 studies (88%), addition of GM-CSF either had no effect on in vitro growth, or induced growth inhibition. While significant growth inhibition was observed in 10 studies, marked inhibition was only observed in three studies. However, all dose-response curves were usually flat, suggesting indirect effects. Moderate growth stimulation was observed in four instances, which may have been due to residual granulocyte-macrophage progenitors within the biopsies. We conclude that GM-CSF has little or no growth-modulatory effect on most nonhematopoietic neoplasms. The primary role of GM-CSF in patients with solid tumors appears to be in prevention or reversal of myelosuppression associated with therapy. Thus, while GM-CSF seems unlikely to have a role in monotherapy of cancer, it is also unlikely to have its utility compromised by enhancement of tumor growth.

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