scholarly journals Plasmodium malariae: Parasite and Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Collins ◽  
Geoffrey M. Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
New World ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
South American ◽  
Malaria Therapy ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plasmodium Brasilianum

SUMMARY A review of the life history of Plasmodium malariae, the quartan malaria parasite of humans, is presented. Much of the information is based on data obtained from induced infections in humans who were given malaria therapy for the treatment of neurosyphilis between 1940 and 1963. Prepatent periods (i.e., the time until the first day of parasite detection) fever episodes, and maximum parasitemias as a result of infection with P. malariae were obtained and are presented. Experimental and known vectors of the parasite are also discussed. Splenectomized chimpanzees and New World monkeys are readily infected and serve as sources of parasites and antigens for diagnostic and molecular studies. South American monkeys are naturally infected with a parasite known as Plasmodium brasilianum. This parasite appears to be P. malariae that has adapted from humans to grow in monkeys, probably within the last 500 years. Infection with P. malariae is associated with the production of immune complexes in the kidneys and the associated nephrotic syndrome. The essential lesions are a thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and endocapillary cell proliferation. Studies of monkeys infected with P. malariae indicate the same pathology as that demonstrated in humans.

scholarly journals First Full Draft Genome Sequence of Plasmodium brasilianum

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldin Talundzic ◽  
Shashidhar Ravishankar ◽  
Vishal Nayak ◽  
Dhruviben S. Patel ◽  
Christian Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
New World ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Brasilianum

ABSTRACT Plasmodium malariae is a protozoan parasite that can cause human malaria. The simian parasite Plasmodium brasilianum infects New World monkeys from Latin America and is morphologically indistinguishable from P. malariae. Here, we report the first full draft genome sequence for P. brasilianum.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Chlamydia psittaci Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Read ◽  
Sandeep J. Joseph ◽  
Xavier Didelot ◽  
Brooke Liang ◽  
Lisa Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
New World ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
South American ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium. Interest in Chlamydia stems from its high degree of virulence as an intestinal and pulmonary pathogen across a broad range of animals, including humans. C. psittaci human pulmonary infections, referred to as psittacosis, can be life-threatening, which is why the organism was developed as a bioweapon in the 20th century and is listed as a CDC biothreat agent. One remarkable recent result from comparative genomics is the finding of frequent homologous recombination across the genome of the sexually transmitted and trachoma pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis. We sought to determine if similar evolutionary dynamics occurred in C. psittaci. We analyzed 20 C. psittaci genomes from diverse strains representing the nine known serotypes of the organism as well as infections in a range of birds and mammals, including humans. Genome annotation revealed a core genome in all strains of 911 genes. Our analyses showed that C. psittaci has a history of frequently switching hosts and undergoing recombination more often than C. trachomatis. Evolutionary history reconstructions showed genome-wide homologous recombination and evidence of whole-plasmid exchange. Tracking the origins of recombinant segments revealed that some strains have imported DNA from as-yet-unsampled or -unsequenced C. psittaci lineages or other Chlamydiaceae species. Three ancestral populations of C. psittaci were predicted, explaining the current population structure. Molecular clock analysis found that certain strains are part of a clonal epidemic expansion likely introduced into North America by South American bird traders, suggesting that psittacosis is a recently emerged disease originating in New World parrots. IMPORTANCE Chlamydia psittaci is classified as a CDC biothreat agent based on its association with life-threatening lung disease, termed psittacosis, in humans. Because of the recent remarkable findings of frequent recombination across the genome of the human sexually transmitted and ocular trachoma pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, we sought to determine if similar evolutionary dynamics occur in C. psittaci. Twenty C. psittaci genomes were analyzed from diverse strains that may play a pathogenic role in human disease. Evolution of the strains revealed genome-wide recombination occurring at a higher rate than for C. trachomatis. Certain strains were discovered to be part of a recent epidemic clonal expansion originating in South America. These strains may have been introduced into the United States from South American bird traders, suggesting that psittacosis is a recently emerged disease originating in New World parrots. Our analyses indicate that C. psittaci strains have a history of frequently switching hosts and undergoing recombination.

scholarly journals High susceptibility, viral dynamics and persistence of South American Zika virus in New World monkeys

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Berry ◽  
Claire Ham ◽  
Jo Hall ◽  
Adrian Jenkins ◽  
Elaine Giles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
New World ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
South American ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
High Susceptibility

Quartan-Type Malaria Parasite of New World Monkeys Transmissible to Man

Science ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 142 (3593) ◽  
pp. 676-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Contacos ◽  
J. S. Lunn ◽  
G. R. Coatney ◽  
J. W. Kilpatrick ◽  
F. E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
New World ◽  
New World Monkeys

Infection of Anopheles freeborni Mosquitoes on New World Monkeys Infected with the Uganda I/CDC Strain of Plasmodium malariae

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Collins ◽  
Bettye B. Richardson ◽  
JoAnn S. Sullivan ◽  
Carla L. Morris ◽  
G. Gale Galland
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
New World Monkeys

scholarly journals Serological evidence of infection with Tana and Yaba pox viruses among several species of monkey

1974 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Downie
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
New World ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
South American ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys

SUMMARYSera from cynomolgus monkeys from Malaysia, from Indian rhesus monkeys, from various species of monkeys from Africa and from South America have been examined for neutralizing antibody to Tanapox and Yaba viruses. No antibody was found to either virus in the sera of rhesus monkeys or South American monkeys. A certain proportion of sera from cynomolgus monkeys and various species of African monkey showed antibody to one or other of the viruses, but few of the positive sera showed antibody to both. The results would seem to suggest that infection with the two viruses is endemic in African and Malaysian monkeys but does not occur or is very rare in Indian rhesus and New World monkeys.

scholarly journals Consecrated Ground: Spatial Exclusion and the Black Urban Body

Scripta ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (39) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Domenico A. Beneventi
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
New World ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
South American ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatial Exclusion

<p>There has been a long history of discrimination, exclusion, and racial segregation of Canada’s black communities. The establishment and growth of the slave trade, enabled by European maritime technology, made it economically feasible and efficient to establish a trade network of slaves between Africa and the New World. Labour supply in the Americas was affected not only by the lack of Native Americans’ immunity to European diseases, but by European workers’ inability to contend with the extreme heat and tropical diseases in the South American colonies. James Walker argues that contrary to the prevalent understanding that the slave trade was justified by a racialized discourse which constructed the black body inferior to that of whites, “it was the superiority of African labourers in the New World tropics that sealed their fate as slaves” (140).</p>

scholarly journals Shifts in diversification rates linked to biogeographic movement into new areas, an example of disparate continental distributions and a recent radiation in the Andes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Uribe-Convers ◽  
David C Tank
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geographic Environment ◽  
American Clade

Premise of the study: Clade specific bursts in diversification are often associated with the evolution of key innovations. However, in groups with no obvious morphological innovations, observed upticks in diversification rates have also been attributed to the colonization of a new geographic environment. In this study, we explore the systematics, diversification dynamics, and historical biogeography of the plant clade Rhinantheae in the Orobanchaceae, with a special focus on the Andean clade of the genus Bartsia L.. Methods: We sampled taxa from across Rhinantheae, including a representative sample of Andean Bartsia species. Using standard phylogenetic methods, we reconstructed evolutionary relationships, inferred divergence times among the clades of Rhinantheae, elucidated their biogeographic history, and investigated diversification dynamics. Key results: We confirmed that the South American Bartsia species form a highly supported monophyletic group. The median crown age of Rhinantheae was determined to be ca. 30 Ma, and Europe played an important role in the biogeographic history of the lineages. South America was first reconstructed in the biogeographic analyses around 9 Ma, and with a median age of 2.59 Ma, this clade shows a significant uptick in diversification. Conclusions: Increased net diversification of the South American clade corresponds with biogeographic movement into the New World. This happened at a time when the Andes were reaching the necessary elevation to host an alpine environment. Although a specific route could not be identified with certainty, we provide plausible hypotheses to how the group colonized the New World.

Contrasting Rates of LINE-1 Amplification among New World Primates of the Atelidae Family

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Sookdeo ◽  
Manuel Ruiz-García ◽  
Horacio Schneider ◽  
Stéphane Boissinot
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Spider Monkeys ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
South American ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
New World Primates ◽  
Mammalian Genomes ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Control Of Transposition

LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons constitute the dominant category of transposons in mammalian genomes. L1 elements are active in the vast majority of mammals, and only a few cases of L1 extinction have been documented. The only possible case of extinction in primates was suggested for South American spider monkeys. However, these previous studies were based on a single species. We revisited this question with a larger phylogenetic sample, covering all 4 genera of Atelidae and 3 species of spider monkeys. We used an enrichment method to clone recently inserted L1 elements and performed an evolutionary analysis of the sequences. We were able to identify young L1 elements in all taxa, suggesting that L1 is probably still active in all Atelidae examined. However, we also detected considerable variations in the proportion of recent elements indicating that the rate of L1 amplification varies among Atelidae by a 3-fold factor. The extent of L1 amplification in Atelidae remains overall lower than in other New World monkeys. Multiple factors can affect the amplification of L1, such as the demography of the host and the control of transposition. These factors are discussed in the context of host life history.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document