Spiramycin Treatment of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pregnant Women Impairs the Production and the Avidity Maturation of T. gondii-Specific Immunoglobulin G Antibodies

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of treatment with spiramycin on the increase of immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers and IgG avidity indexes (AI) in pregnant women with seroconversion from the beginning of therapy until delivery and after delivery. This group was compared with adult patients with recently acquired untreated toxoplasmosis. One hundred four samples from 32 pregnant women with seroconversion for toxoplasmosis and/or very low IgG AI were followed from the beginning of therapy with spiramycin until delivery. Twenty-nine women were further followed some months after delivery and interruption of therapy. Thirty-eight samples from 16 untreated, nonpregnant patients were evaluated as the control group. The Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG antibody and the T. gondii-specific IgG AI were significantly delayed in pregnant women receiving therapy compared to nonpregnant, untreated controls, and the findings were consistent with the results of assays from two different manufacturers. The T. gondii-specific IgG AI increased in pregnant women after they gave birth. Avidity maturation is delayed during pregnancy and treatment, and low-avidity antibodies in pregnant women within 3 to 4 months cannot be taken as a sign of infection.

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Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant mother in Makassar, Indonesia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0245572

Author(s):

Nurul Fadilah Ali Polanunu ◽

Sitti Wahyuni ◽

Firdaus Hamid

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antibody Positivity ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Mothers

The protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii is estimated to infect one-third of the world’s population. Infection in pregnant women can cause severe conditions for their babies. Until now, there is no data regarding Toxoplasma infection from Makassar pregnant mothers. This study aims to obtain information on Toxoplasma specific antibodies and to measure the risk factor associate with parasite infection. This cross-sectional study conducted in 9 of 47 primary health centres (Puskesmas) in Makassar. Blood samples and questionnaires were collected from 184 pregnant women aged 15–42 years old from September to October 2020. ELISA technique was used to examine the IgG and IgM antibodies. Univariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to measure factors that independently associate with Toxoplasma antibody positivity. Our result showed the range of Toxoplasma IgM and IgG are 0.06–1.01 and 0.09–3.01, respectively. While no one of our participants has an acute Toxoplasma gondii infection (IgM positive), we found 32,6% pregnant mothers are exposed to parasite (positive IgG). Contact with cats [OR(95%CI): 10.45(3.77–28.99)], consume chicken satay [OR(95%CI): 9.72(3.71–25.48)] and consume un-boiled water/ filtered water [OR(95%CI): 5.98(1.77–20.23)] are independently associate with positive Toxoplasma IgG antibody. Based on the result, we conclude that pregnant women in Makassar are exposed to T. gondii and the oocyst and tissue cyst of parasite contaminates food and water in Makassar.

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Cytokines Level (Il8 and Il17) in Pregnant Women with Toxoplasmosis in Khartoum State

Journal of Parasite Research ◽

10.14302/issn.2690-6759.jpar-19-2971 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Wahaj M. M ◽

Satti, A. B ◽

Abdalla H.S ◽

Ahmed S. Kabbashi

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Serum Level ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Population ◽

Patient’S Information ◽

The Mean ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide caused by Toxoplasma gondii that leads to abortion or hydrocephalus during pregnancy. It’s a comparative cross-sectional one designed to assess immunoglobulins and cytokines in pregnant women. A total of 300 venous blood samples were collected from each pregnant woman and centrifuged to obtain serum. Patient’s information was recorded in a questionnaire previously designed for the purpose of analysis. In addition, 40 uninfected women were enrolled in the study as control group to assess the level of IL8 and IL17 cytokines. The overall seropositive rate of Toxoplasma gondii infection was 22.6%. Within the positive cases of study population, only 16 and 13 showed positive results of IL8, IL17 respectively. The results showed highly significant increase in the mean serum level of IL8 (210.25pg/ml) and IL17 (203.15 pg/ml) when compared to the control group who showed 68.9 pg/ml and 54.8 pg/ml respectively. The serum level of proinflammatory cytokines investigated in this study seems to be increased in patients with serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Our study concludes that IL-17 and IL-8 involved in the induction of inflammation and toxoplasmosis disease.

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Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism (-174 G/C) association with seropositive Toxoplasma gondii infection patients in Al-Diwaniyah hospital

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1399 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1948-1952

Author(s):

Fatima Ibrahim Mohammad ◽

Mustafa Ali Abdul Ameer

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Control Group ◽

Women Patients ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

The present study aims to detection Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism (-174 G/C) from seropositive Toxoplasma gondii pregnant women patients and healthy control from individuals reviewers to AL-Diwaniyah hospital. 80 samples were collected for the period from October 2018- April 2019, including two groups of 30 samples healthy control and 50 samples from pregnant women infected with Toxoplasma gondii. The results of the present study indicated the presence of IL-6 (-174 G/C) polymorphism in pregnant women infected with Toxoplasma gondii and healthy control. Where was observed that CG genotype more frequent in patients indicating the association of this genotype with the disease compared to the control group where CG genotype appears less. Also, the results of the current study indicate the appearance of allele C more frequently in pregnant women patients compared to healthy control. We can conclude from the present study there association of appearance allele C with Toxoplasma gondii infection.

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Serodiagnosis of Recently Acquired Toxoplasma gondii Infection Using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with a Combination of Recombinant Antigens

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.7.5.781-787.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 781-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Shuli Li ◽

Gina Galvan ◽

Fausto G. Araujo ◽

Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽

Jack S. Remington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Recombinant Antigens ◽

Single Antigen ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

ABSTRACT An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using four recombinant antigens of Toxoplasma gondii (rP22, rP25, rP29, and rP35) was used in an attempt to differentiate pregnant women with toxoplasma serologic profiles (TSPs) indicative of recently acquired infections (acute profile) from those with TSPs indicative of infections acquired in the distant past (chronic profile). In general, immunoglobulin G antibodies in sera from women with the acute profile reacted more strongly with the recombinant antigens than did those in sera from women with the chronic profile. However, reactivities differed significantly between antigens that reacted with a single serum and between sera that reacted with a single antigen. Because of these variations, we employed a combination of the four antigens in an ELISA (Comb-ELISA) and evaluated its ability to distinguish pregnant women with the acute profile from those with the chronic profile. Eighteen of 20 (90%) sera from acute-profile women were positive in the Comb-ELISA, whereas 69 of 70 (98.6%) sera from the chronic-profile women were negative. Thus, the Comb-ELISA may be useful for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and for differentiation between recently acquired infections and infections acquired in the more distant past.

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Evaluation of the Vitros ECiQ Immunodiagnostic System for Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M Antibodies for Confirmatory Testing for Acute Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pregnant Women

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01435-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 164-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

D. C. Kasper ◽

A. R. Prusa ◽

M. Hayde ◽

N. Gerstl ◽

A. Pollak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Confirmatory Testing ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

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Relationship between Serum Bactericidal Activity and Serogroup-Specific Immunoglobulin G Concentration for Adults, Toddlers, and Infants Immunized with Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Vaccines

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.7.5.764-768.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 764-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Daniel J. Sikkema ◽

Keith E. Friedman ◽

Bartholomew Corsaro ◽

Alan Kimura ◽

Stephen W. Hildreth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Bactericidal Activity ◽

Specific Immunoglobulin ◽

Specific Igg

ABSTRACT A new meningococcal group C-CRM197 conjugate vaccine (MnCC; Meningitec) has been evaluated in multiple clinical trials in the United States and most recently has been approved for routine administration in the United Kingdom. Meningococcal serogroup C (MnC)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in pre- and postimmunization sera obtained from healthy U.S. adults, toddlers, and infants were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by an antibody-dependent, complement-mediated serum bactericidal assay (SBA). Serogroup-specific IgG antibody (micrograms per milliliter) in adults immunized either with the quadrivalent polysaccharide (A, C, Y, and W-135) vaccine or with MnCC showed a strong correlation (r = 0.848 and 0.934, respectively) by linear regression analysis with SBA. Sera from infants immunized with the MnCC (n = 30) and an age-matched unimmunized control group (n = 15) were also analyzed. Linear regression analysis of serum bactericidal and IgG ELISA data from sera obtained at 2 months of age (preimmunization) showed no correlation; however, a high degree of correlation was observed at time points after two (r = 0.877) and three (r = 0.951) immunizations, where significant rises in anti-MnC polysaccharide antibodies occurred relative to the age-matched control group. Infants previously primed with 3 doses of MnCC were given a booster dose of conjugate vaccine at 12 to 15 months of age. The correlation coefficient of ELISA to SBA for combined pre- and postbooster data wasr = 0.836 (n = 48 pairs). In conclusion, increases in serum bactericidal activity in immunized adult, toddler, and infant populations were found to correlate very well with increases in serogroup-specific IgG concentrations, whereas the correlation between these two assays in nonimmunized 2-month-old infants was poor. Characterizing the relationship between these methods is important for understanding the significance of antigen-specific antibody concentrations relative to vaccine performance and protection from disease.

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Multiple Pregnancy Increases the Risk of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-876151/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Priscilla Vilela dos Santos ◽

Débora Nonato Miranda Toledo ◽

Bianca Alves Almeida ◽

Valter F Andrade-Neto ◽

Nathalia S Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Placental Transfer ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Neurocognitive Deficits ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Background. Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is an infectious disease caused by placental transfer of Toxoplasma gondii protozoa to the fetus, and can generate neurological and neurocognitive deficits, or death. As a mother’s infection poses the risk of fetal transmission in about 30% of the cases, appropriate preventive strategies are required for infection-related risk factors. The present study assessed the prevalence of T. gondii infection and the factors associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in pregnant women with assistance from the Public Health Service at Ouro Preto, Brazil.Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2020. Pregnant women (n = 131) aged between 13 and 46 years, were recruited and evaluated for specific IgM and IgG antibody levels against T. gondii. These women also responded to a structured questionnaire, which was later used to determine the socioeconomic, environmental, gestational, clinical, and dietary patterns.Results. The prevalence of infection by T. gondii was 45.8% (n = 60); of these, multigravida women were more exposed to infection and were 2.6 times more likely to become infected with T. gondii compared to primigravida women (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.25-5.39). A high prevalence of T. gondii seropositivity was identified in pregnant women in the region of Ouro Preto, Brazil, where part of the sample reported the absence of basic sanitation at home.Conclusion. Our data identified multigravida as a potential risk factor for gestational toxoplasmosis, based on the high positivity of anti-T. gondii serology in these women Thus, educational and preventive measures must be intensified in both primigravida and multigravida women, to increase awareness regarding the potential risks of contact with T. gondii.

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Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1312459j ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (11-12) ◽

pp. 459-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vera Jerant-Patic ◽

Vesna Milosevic ◽

Ivana Hrnjakovic-Cvjetkovic ◽

Aleksandra Patic ◽

Sandra Stefan-Mikic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Clinical Diagnoses ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽

Specific Symptoms

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of seropositive pregnant women, i.e. of pregnant women infected with Toxoplasma gondii in order to provide an insight into the risk of developing congenital toxoplasmosis in our community. Material and Methods. In the period of two years, 662 pregnant women from Vojvodina were examined serologically. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests were performed to determine IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and the complement fixation test was done to detect total antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. Results and Discussion. Seropositivity was determined in 180 pregnant women (27.19%). Of 135 pregnant women examined in the routine control in pregnancy, 16.30% were seropositive and out of five proven, completely new Toxoplasma gondii infections, three were detected in pregnant women who had undergone the routine check-up for no specific symptoms. A detailed analysis of the frequency of seropositive findings in relation to clinical diagnoses and the place of residence of pregnant women (urban and rural areas) was performed. At the same time, the results from the serological reactions were presented, commented and interpreted, and recommendations were given for the implementation of additional examinations (eg, IgG antibody avidity test) in order to make the accurate diagnosis. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis is still a problem in our community and that the best prevention is the prompt and adequate examination of pregnant women for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii infection.

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Development of Specific Immunoglobulins G, M, and A Following Primary Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pregnant Women

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.36.10.2907-2913.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 2907-2913 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Pål A. Jenum ◽

Babill Stray-Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Individual Variation ◽

Sensitive Assay ◽

Antibody Assays ◽

Specific Igg ◽

The Times ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽

Low Sensitivity ◽

Diagnostic Criterion

The development of specific antibodies following primaryToxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy was assessed by six different antibody assays: dye test, Platelia Toxo-IgG, Toxo-Screen DA IgG, Platelia Toxo-IgM, Toxo-ISAGA IgM, and Platelia Toxo-IgA. A total of 126 sera from 27 pregnant women, for whom the time of acquisition of infection could be estimated fairly accurately, were included. All tests showed great individual variation in the peak amounts of antibodies detected. The times elapsed after infection until the peak was reached also varied greatly from individual to individual: the ranges were 2 to 21 weeks for the dye test, 4 to 36 weeks for Platelia Toxo-IgG, 4 to 30 weeks for Toxo-Screen DA IgG, 2 to 18 weeks for Platelia Toxo-IgM, 1 to 6 weeks for Toxo-ISAGA IgM, and 2 to 21 weeks for Platelia Toxo-IgA. In the early phase of the infection the dye test and the specific-IgM tests were the most sensitive. Toxo-Screen DA IgG was more sensitive than Platelia Toxo-IgG in the acute phase, while Platelia Toxo-IgA was clearly the least sensitive assay. Of the sera collected 21 to 52 weeks after infection, all were positive by the dye test, all except one (which was negative by Platelia Toxo-IgG) were positive by the specific-IgG tests, approximately 80% were positive by the IgM tests, and 45% were positive by the IgA test. Due to the great individual variation it seems impossible to estimate when the infection occurred based on results obtained from a single serum, and it may even be difficult to assess when a titer increase in paired sera is detectable unless the first sample is only marginally positive. As a diagnostic criterion a dye test titer of ≥300 IU/ml has a low sensitivity for recent primary infection.

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