scholarly journals Mycobacterium bovis DNA Detection in Colostrum as a Potential Indicator of Vaccination Effectiveness against Bovine Tuberculosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Herrera-Rodríguez ◽  
María Alejandra Gordiano-Hidalgo ◽  
Gonzálo López-Rincón ◽  
Luis Bojorquez-Narváez ◽  
Francisco Javier Padilla-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Culture Filtrate Proteins

ABSTRACTBovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains a problem on many dairy farms in Mexico, as well as a public health risk. We previously found a high frequency ofMycobacterium bovisDNA in colostrum from dairy cows using a nested PCR to detectmpb70. Since there are no reliablein vivotests to determine the effectiveness of boosterMycobacterium bovisBCG vaccination against bTB, in this work we monitoredM. bovisDNA in colostrum by using this nested PCR. In order to decrease the risk of adverse reactions in animals likely containing viableM. bovis, a single application of BCG and a subunit vaccine (EEP-1) formulated withM. bovisculture filtrate proteins (CFP) and a copolymer as the adjuvant was performed in tuberculin skin test-negative cattle (TST−), while TST reactor animals (TST+) received EEP-1 only. Booster immunization using EEP-1 was applied to both groups, 2 months after primary vaccination to whole herds and 12 months later to lactating cows. Colostrum samples were collected from 6 farms where the cows were vaccinated over a 12-month period postvaccination and, for comparison, from one control farm where the cows were not vaccinated with comparable bTB prevalence. We observed an inverse relationship between the frequency ofM. bovisDNA detection and time postvaccination at the first (P< 0.001) and second (P< 0.0001) 6-month periods. Additionally, the concentration of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was higher inmpb70PCR-positive colostrum samples (P= 0.0003). These results suggest thatM. bovisDNA frequency in colostrum could be a potentially useful biomarker for bTB vaccine efficacy on commercial dairy farms.

scholarly journals Stable Expression of Lentiviral Antigens by Quality-Controlled Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 726-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan E. Hart ◽  
Rose Asrican ◽  
So-Yon Lim ◽  
Jaimie D. Sixsmith ◽  
Regy Lukose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vaccine Stability ◽  
Hiv Gp120 ◽  
Recombinant Bcg

ABSTRACTThe well-established safety profile of the tuberculosis vaccine strain,Mycobacterium bovisbacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), makes it an attractive vehicle for heterologous expression of antigens from clinically relevant pathogens. However, successful generation of recombinant BCG strains possessing consistent insert expression has encountered challenges in stability. Here, we describe a method for the development of large recombinant BCG accession lots which stably express the lentiviral antigens, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp120 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag, using selectable leucine auxotrophic complementation. Successful establishment of vaccine stability stems from stringent quality control criteria which not only screen for highly stable complemented BCG ΔleuCDtransformants but also thoroughly characterize postproduction quality. These parameters include consistent production of correctly sized antigen, retention of sequence-pure plasmid DNA, freeze-thaw recovery, enumeration of CFU, and assessment of cellular aggregates. Importantly, these quality assurance procedures were indicative of overall vaccine stability, were predictive for successful antigen expression in subsequent passaging bothin vitroandin vivo, and correlated with induction of immune responses in murine models. This study has yielded a quality-controlled BCG ΔleuCDvaccine expressing HIV gp120 that retained stable full-length expression after 1024-fold amplificationin vitroand following 60 days of growth in mice. A second vaccine lot expressed full-length SIV Gag for >1068-fold amplificationin vitroand induced potent antigen-specific T cell populations in vaccinated mice. Production of large, well-defined recombinant BCG ΔleuCDlots can allow confidence that vaccine materials for immunogenicity and protection studies are not negatively affected by instability or differences between freshly grown production batches.

scholarly journals Improved Skin Test for Differential Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis by the Addition of Rv3020c-Derived Peptides

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Jones ◽  
Adam Whelan ◽  
Derek Clifford ◽  
Mick Coad ◽  
H. Martin Vordermeier
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens

ABSTRACTA peptide cocktail derived from the mycobacterial antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c allowed differentiation betweenMycobacterium bovis-infected and M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated cattle when used as a skin test reagent for a “DIVA” test (i.e., a test capable ofdifferentiatinginfected and uninfectedvaccinatedanimals). Addition of the antigen Rv3020c improves the diagnostic sensitivity without compromising specificity in the face of BCG or Johne's disease vaccination.

scholarly journals Bayesian estimation of ELISA and gamma interferon test accuracy for the detection of bovine tuberculosis in caudal fold test–negative dairy cattle in Kuwait

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Al-Mouqatea ◽  
Mohammad Alkhamis ◽  
Batool Akbar ◽  
Abdulmohsen Ali ◽  
Hameed Al-Aqeel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ancillary Test ◽  
Cattle Blood

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Kuwait; cattle identified as TB-positive using the caudal fold test (CFT) are culled. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the IFNγ assay and ELISA, which are not routinely used in Kuwait in CFT-negative dairy cattle. Blood samples from CFT-negative cattle ( n = 384) collected from 38 dairy farms were tested by IFNγ assay and ELISA. The Se and Sp (95% CI) of the IFNγ were 85.0% (67.6–95.3%) and 90.4% (86.7–95.3%), respectively, whereas estimates for the ELISA were 61.1% (33.1–84.6%) and 85.4% (81.7–88.8%). TB prevalence (95 CI%) in CFT-negative cattle was estimated as 2.6% (0.5–9.5%). The IFNγ assay may play a role as an ancillary test for the identification of Mycobacterium bovis–infected cattle that are undetected by CFT.

scholarly journals Performance of a Noninvasive Test for Detecting Mycobacterium bovis Shedding in European Badger (Meles meles) Populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 2316-2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley C. King ◽  
Andrew Murphy ◽  
Phillip James ◽  
Emma Travis ◽  
David Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Noninvasive Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
European Badger

The incidence ofMycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, in cattle herds in the United Kingdom is increasing, resulting in substantial economic losses. The European badger (Meles meles) is implicated as a wildlife reservoir and is the subject of control measures aimed at reducing the incidence of infection in cattle populations. Understanding the epidemiology ofM. bovisin badger populations is essential for directing control interventions and understanding disease spread; however, accurate diagnosis in live animals is challenging and currently uses invasive methods. Here we present a noninvasive diagnostic procedure and sampling regimen using field sampling of latrines and detection ofM. boviswith quantitative PCR tests, the results of which strongly correlate with the results of immunoassays in the field at the social group level. This method allowsM. bovisinfections in badger populations to be monitored without trapping and provides additional information on the quantities of bacterial DNA shed. Therefore, our approach may provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in badger populations and inform disease control interventions.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Five Mycobacterium bovis Strains Isolated from Farmed Animals and Wildlife in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. e00258-18
Author(s):  
Olga Andrievskaia ◽  
Marc-Olivier Duceppe ◽  
Dara Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, an infectious disease that affects both animals and humans and thus presents a risk to public health and the livestock industry. Here, we report the genome sequences of five Mycobacterium bovis strains that represent major genotype clusters observed in farmed animals and wildlife in Canada.

scholarly journals Updated Reference Genome Sequence and Annotation of Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerri M. Malone ◽  
Damien Farrell ◽  
Tod P. Stuber ◽  
Olga T. Schubert ◽  
Ruedi Aebersold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reference Genome Sequence

ABSTRACT We report here an update to the reference genome sequence of the bovine tuberculosis bacillus Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97, generated using an integrative multiomics approach. The update includes 42 new coding sequences (CDSs), 14 modified annotations, 26 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) corrections, and disclosure that the RD900 locus, previously described as absent from the genome, is in fact present.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Three Mycobacterium bovis Strains Identified in Cattle and Wildlife in France

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Branger ◽  
Amandine Hauer ◽  
Lorraine Michelet ◽  
Claudine Karoui ◽  
Thierry Cochard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium bovis is the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease affecting livestock, wild animals, and sometimes humans. We report here three draft genome sequences of Mycobacterium bovis strains of spoligotypes SB0821 and SB0134, isolated from wildlife but circulating in wildlife-livestock multihost systems, and SB0121, circulating exclusively in cattle.

scholarly journals Sonic hedgehog-Dependent Induction of MicroRNA 31 and MicroRNA 150 Regulates Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Driven Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devram Sampat Ghorpade ◽  
Sahana Holla ◽  
Srini V. Kaveri ◽  
Jagadeesh Bayry ◽  
Shripad A. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Shh Signaling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Tlr2 Signaling

ABSTRACTHedgehog (HH) signaling is a significant regulator of cell fate decisions during embryogenesis, development, and perpetuation of various disease conditions. Testing whether pathogen-specific HH signaling promotes unique innate recognition of intracellular bacteria, we demonstrate that among diverse Gram-positive or Gram-negative microbes,Mycobacterium bovisBCG, a vaccine strain, elicits a robust activation of Sonic HH (SHH) signaling in macrophages. Interestingly, sustained tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion by macrophages was essential for robust SHH activation, as TNF-α−/−macrophages exhibited compromised ability to activate SHH signaling. Neutralization of TNF-α or blockade of TNF-α receptor signaling significantly reduced the infection-induced SHH signaling activation bothin vitroandin vivo. Intriguingly, activated SHH signaling downregulatedM. bovisBCG-mediated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling events to regulate a battery of genes associated with divergent functions of M1/M2 macrophages. Genome-wide expression profiling as well as conventional gain-of-function or loss-of-function analysis showed that SHH signaling-responsive microRNA 31 (miR-31) and miR-150 target MyD88, an adaptor protein of TLR2 signaling, thus leading to suppression of TLR2 responses. SHH signaling signatures could be detectedin vivoin tuberculosis patients andM. bovisBCG-challenged mice. Collectively, these investigations identify SHH signaling to be what we believe is one of the significant regulators of host-pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals Comparison of PCR versus Culture for Detection of Mycobacterium bovis after Experimental Inoculation of Various Matrices Held under Environmental Conditions for Extended Periods

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (20) ◽  
pp. 6501-6506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela P. Adams ◽  
Steven R. Bolin ◽  
Amanda E. Fine ◽  
Carole A. Bolin ◽  
John B. Kaneene
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mycobacterial Culture ◽  
Monthly Sample ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Weekly Sample ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Initial Contamination

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare the performance of a molecular detection technique (nested PCR) with that of mycobacterial culture in the detection ofMycobacterium bovisDNA in a set of 687 samples of experimentally inoculated environmental substrates (hay, soil, corn, water) exposed to natural weather conditions in Michigan. Four replicates of each substrate were used; half were autoclaved for sterilization, all were inoculated with 50,000 CFU ofM. bovisisolated from Michigan livestock, and all were placed in outdoor enclosures, with half under shade and the other half exposed to direct sunlight. Samples were tested for the presence ofM. bovisduring one 12-month period, with monthly sample testing and during three 12-week periods (winter, spring, summer) with weekly sample testing. Samples were subjected to mycobacterial culture for isolation ofM. bovisand a nested PCR with two primer sets targeting IS6110to detectM. bovisDNA. In 128 samples tested during the 12-month period,M. boviswas not detectable by culture after 2 months butM. bovisDNA was detectable by PCR for at least 7 months. Of the 559 samples tested during the 12-week periods, PCR detectedM. bovisDNA for up to 88 days in all of the sample types. There were no significant differences in the detection ofM. bovisbetween shade and sun samples or between sterile and unsterilized samples, regardless of the detection method (PCR or culture). For use in epidemiologic investigations, the PCR assay was more rapid than mycobacterial culture, was not hindered by contaminating organisms, and detectedM. bovisDNA in environment samples much longer after initial contamination than mycobacterial culture did.

scholarly journals Updated functional annotation of the Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97 reference genome

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Farrell ◽  
Joseph Crispell ◽  
Stephen V. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
New Gene ◽  
New Protein

Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97 is the reference strain for the bovine tuberculosis bacillus. Here we report an update to the M. bovis AF2122/97 genome annotation to reflect 616 new protein identifications that replace many of the old hypothetical coding sequences and proteins of unknown function in the genome. These changes integrate information from functional assignments of orthologous coding sequences in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genome. We have also added 69 additional new gene names.

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