scholarly journals Lost in Translation—Basic Science in the Era of Translational Research

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferric C. Fang ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Lost In Translation

ABSTRACT The concept of translational research, which aims to facilitate the application of basic scientific discoveries in clinical and community settings, is currently in vogue. While there are powerful forces driving this trend, support for translational research must be accompanied by a robust investment in basic science, which provides the essential raw material for translation and continues to represent humanity's best hope to meet a wide range of public health challenges.

scholarly journals A MOOC to disseminate key concepts related to the future challenges of the French health system

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C You ◽  
V Lissillour ◽  
A Lefébure
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Health Challenges

Abstract Background The increase of life expectancy creates critical health needs that developed countries health systems have to deal with. They are also confronted to persistent health inequalities. A common vision of these issues may not be shared by the health care professionals, decision-makers and citizens. In the context of the launch of new public health laws in France, the French School of Public Health (EHESP) decided to offer a MOOC entitled “Public Health and Health System: transition and transformation” (2019). Objectives The MOOC intends to raise awareness and increase understanding of public health challenges. It is designed for a wide audience of professionals, decision-makers and citizens in the French speaking world. The content was designed by a multidisciplinary team of academics from the EHESP (N = 50) and a network of health professionals (N = 21). The 6 modules address major themes of the recent health policies, e.g. social and territorial inequalities in health, health care security, health pathways, innovation or health democracy. Results Over the course of 6 consecutive weeks, almost 7800 people have enrolled in this e-learning. They are provided with short teaching videos (109 capsules of 4-5’) and webinars, have access to a number of supplementary reading material and a variety of self-assessment. Active learning is enhanced via forum involving peers and teaching staff. The full course represents around 20 hours of teaching. So far, completion rate has attained 13% which compares well with usual rate for MOOCs. Participants include a wide range of professionals, students and citizens from 87 different countries (72% from France) and 50% had a master or higher degree. The overall satisfaction rate is 98%. Conclusions This MOOC attracted the attention of a wide and diverse audience regarding the major public health issues. Some public health agencies have expressed interest in implementing the MOOC into their professional development program of their staff. Key messages Health system reforms are constantly implemented to face new public health challenges. A multidisciplinary MOOC can help raise awareness and understanding of the issue being addressed by new policies.

scholarly journals A team-based translational journal club: Understanding the translational research highway

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Carol Feghali-Bostwick ◽  
Jillian Harvey ◽  
Carissa Hasseler ◽  
Diana Lee-Chavarria ◽  
Perry Halushka
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Pivotal Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Science Paper ◽  
Training Grant

AbstractThe mission of the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) is to catalyze the generation of innovative methods and technologies that will enhance the development, testing, and implementation of diagnostics and therapeutics across a wide range of human diseases and conditions.1 NCATS funded a predoctoral TL1 training grant at our institution. We developed a novel team-based Translational Journal Club utilizing three-member teams to find a basic science paper and two clinical study papers that covered a single therapeutic, either a pivotal study or a dissemination and implementation study; one member of the team presented a paper on the above topics in successive weeks. In addition, the trainees attended lectures on: how to design a pivotal clinical trial, dissemination and implementation, and drug development from a basic science discovery through its approval. From these presentations, the trainees appreciated the T0 to T3/4 continuum and its challenges. They also attended sessions on how to present scientific concepts, making them better communicators. The trainees found the Translational Journal club to be very rewarding, illuminating, and providing a much better understanding of the translational research processes required to develop new therapies.

scholarly journals Lost in translation: barriers and progress in harnessing basic medical science into community practice in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajib Diptyanusa ◽  
Mubasysyir Hasanbasri
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Basic Medical

Abstract Translational research carries over fundamental laboratory research findings into clinical and community settings in order to ‘translate’ the findings into practice. In addition to its potential in accelerating the time of basic discoveries to be delivered into the population, translational studies also provide opportunities for interdisciplinary collaborations in identifying knowledge gaps. However, several issues hindering the advancement of translational research studies have risen in developing countries, such as limited funding, insufficient research evaluation and recognition, absence of government model or consortium, and insufficient communication among researchers and stakeholders. While the original concept of the ‘bench to bedside’ has been known for years, the practice of bilateral flow from bench to bedside, and back to the bench was found lacking. Lack of interactions and involvement of the clinicians, community and resources further deplete translational ability of the research itself. Without understanding the priorities and the environment in which the decision makers work, specific research aims needed by the communities may be failed to be formulated and may result in devaluation of research by formulating similar key questions repetitively. The current commentary aimed to highlight the importance of connecting population health systems, basic demands, and academic institutions, to own the issues, to address the issues, and to translate research findings.

scholarly journals Prevalent of Staphylococcus aureus from Sachet Waters Sold in Different Areas of Jos Terminus Market, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Favour Barnabas ◽  
Suzan Ukpa ◽  
Uchejeso Obeta ◽  
Eno Mantu ◽  
Suzan Nduke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Sachet Water

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes wide range of infectious diseases both in nosocomial and community settings. The Gram-positive pathogen possess virulence factors that facilitate it to establish infections in the hosts. When a “water for life” is contaminated with infectious bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus then, there may be public health challenge in the area. In this study Samples of Sachet water of different companies ware purchased, marked E, T, C and R and examined for the presence of staphylococcus aureus. Total of 80 sachet waters were examined and a prevalence rate of Staphylococcus aureus 5(25.00%) was recorded. The study revealed that sachet water (E) has the highest prevalence of 15.00%, followed by T (5%) and C (5%) and R had the least prevalence with 0.00%. It was discovered that a Prevalence rate of Abuja market terminus recorded 1(5.00%) while that of Ahmadu Bello way has the highest prevalence of 2(10.00%), Yan Taya market 1(5.00%) and railway 1(5.00%). This shows that S. aureus can be isolated from sachet waters. Though the sachet eaters had NAFDAC numbers, it is advisable to review and quality control such sachet water companies regularly because of Staphylococcus aureus and other public health infectious agants. The populace should equally be careful with the type of waters they drink.

scholarly journals Exceptions to the rule: Why does resistance evolution not undermine antibiotic therapy in all bacterial infections?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Bhattacharya ◽  
Anton Aluquin ◽  
David A Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Health Challenges

Antibiotic resistance poses one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Yet not all pathogens are equally affected by resistance evolution. Why? Here we examine what underlies variation in antibiotic resistance across human bacterial pathogens and the drugs used to treat them. We document the observed prevalence of antibiotic resistance for ′pathogen x drug′ combinations across 57 different human bacterial pathogens and 53 antibiotics from 15 drug classes used to treat them. Using AIC-based model selection we analyze 14 different traits of bacteria and antibiotics that are believed to be important in resistance evolution. Using these data, we identify the traits that best explain observed variation in resistance evolution. Our results show that nosocomial pathogens and indirectly transmitted pathogens are significantly associated with increased prevalence of resistance whereas zoonotic pathogens, specifically those with wild animal reservoirs, are associated with reduced prevalence of resistance. We found partial support for associations between drug resistance and gram classification, human microbiome reservoirs, horizontal gene transfer, and documented human-to human transfer. Global drug use, time since drug discovery, mechanism of drug action, and environmental reservoirs did not emerge as statistically robust predictors of drug resistance in our analyses. To the best of our knowledge this work is the first systematic analysis of resistance across such a wide range of human bacterial pathogens, encompassing the vast majority of common bacterial pathogens. Insights from our study may help guide public health policies and future studies on resistance control.

Public health challenges in hepatitis C virus infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (5 (Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. E83-E90 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Kaldor ◽  
Gregory J Dore ◽  
Patricia Kl Correll
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Public Health Challenges

Automation of Process Control in Chemical Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Agus Sugiarta ◽  
Houtman P. Siregar ◽  
Dedy Loebis
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inherent Problem

Automation of process control in chemical plant is an inspiring application field of mechatronicengineering. In order to understand the complexity of the automation and its application requireknowledges of chemical engineering, mechatronic and other numerous interconnected studies.The background of this paper is an inherent problem of overheating due to lack of level controlsystem. The objective of this research is to control the dynamic process of desired level more tightlywhich is able to stabilize raw material supply into the chemical plant system.The chemical plant is operated within a wide range of feed compositions and flow rates whichmake the process control become difficult. This research uses modelling for efficiency reason andanalyzes the model by PID control algorithm along with its simulations by using Matlab.

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