Provoking Continuous Direct Compression Line with Wide Range of Raw Material Properties and Process Settings

Automation of process control in chemical plant is an inspiring application field of mechatronicengineering. In order to understand the complexity of the automation and its application requireknowledges of chemical engineering, mechatronic and other numerous interconnected studies.The background of this paper is an inherent problem of overheating due to lack of level controlsystem. The objective of this research is to control the dynamic process of desired level more tightlywhich is able to stabilize raw material supply into the chemical plant system.The chemical plant is operated within a wide range of feed compositions and flow rates whichmake the process control become difficult. This research uses modelling for efficiency reason andanalyzes the model by PID control algorithm along with its simulations by using Matlab.

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Effect of log loading on the performance of wood room

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.3183/npprj-2014-29-02-p201-210 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 201-210

Author(s):

Ari Isokangas ◽

Kari Ala-Kaila ◽

Markku Ohenoja ◽

Aki Sorsa ◽

Kauko Leiviskä

Keyword(s):

Product Quality ◽

Material Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Processing Unit ◽

Level Control ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Remarkable Effect ◽

Loading Process ◽

Small Wood

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyse the log loading process of wood room, which is typically the first processing unit in pulp and paper mills. The aim is to improve the log loading process to obtain production with a constant log flow of well de-iced logs to the debarking drum. This way it is possible to reduce costs and enhance product quality. The research was carried out utilising a log loading simulator. The parameters of the simulation model were selected on the basis of process observations on a mill. The results indicate that it is essential to adjust the process and equipment parameters, raw material properties and truck loader operation together in order to reach the target capacity with minimum costs. Especially the speed of the infeed conveyor affects all performance criteria and should be selected carefully. In addition, wood yard logistics and raw material properties have a remarkable effect on the wood room performance. The results can be utilised in mills to allow the upper level control perform in a planned way so that small wood loss and good product quality can be obtained.

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Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12102237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. R. Sarika ◽

Paul Nancarrow ◽

Abdulrahman Khansaheb ◽

Taleb Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Raw Material ◽

Wood Industry ◽

Suitable Material ◽

The Past ◽

Wide Range ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Sustainable Materials ◽

Materials Used

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

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New insights on Laminaria digitata ultrastructure through combined conventional chemical fixation and cryofixation

Botanica Marina ◽

10.1515/bot-2021-0005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Christos Katsaros ◽

Sophie Le Panse ◽

Gillian Milne ◽

Carl J. Carrano ◽

Frithjof Christian Küpper

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

General Structure ◽

Raw Material ◽

Rocky Shores ◽

Chemical Fixation ◽

Laminaria Digitata ◽

Vegetative Cells ◽

Biological Studies ◽

New Findings ◽

Wide Range

Abstract The objective of the present study is to examine the fine structure of vegetative cells of Laminaria digitata using both chemical fixation and cryofixation. Laminaria digitata was chosen due to its importance as a model organism in a wide range of biological studies, as a keystone species on rocky shores of the North Atlantic, its use of iodide as a unique inorganic antioxidant, and its significance as a raw material for the production of alginate. Details of the fine structural features of vegetative cells are described, with particular emphasis on the differences between the two methods used, i.e. conventional chemical fixation and freeze-fixation. The general structure of the cells was similar to that already described, with minor differences between the different cell types. An intense activity of the Golgi system was found associated with the thick external cell wall, with large dictyosomes from which numerous vesicles and cisternae are released. An interesting type of cisternae was found in the cryofixed material, which was not visible with the chemical fixation. These are elongated structures, in sections appearing tubule-like, close to the external cell wall or to young internal walls. An increased number of these structures was observed near the plasmodesmata of the pit fields. They are similar to the “flat cisternae” found associated with the forming cytokinetic diaphragm of brown algae. Their possible role is discussed. The new findings of this work underline the importance of such combined studies which reveal new data not known until now using the old conventional methods. The main conclusion of the present study is that cryofixation is the method of choice for studying Laminaria cytology by transmission electron microscopy.

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Multi-stable composite twisting structure for morphing applications

Proceedings of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.2011.0631 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 468 (2141) ◽

pp. 1230-1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

X. Lachenal ◽

P. M. Weaver ◽

S. Daynes

Keyword(s):

Analytical Model ◽

Material Properties ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Engineering Structures ◽

The Past ◽

Wide Range ◽

Morphing Structure ◽

Low Mass ◽

Unstable States

Conventional shape-changing engineering structures use discrete parts articulated around a number of linkages. Each part carries the loads, and the articulations provide the degrees of freedom of the system, leading to heavy and complex mechanisms. Consequently, there has been increased interest in morphing structures over the past decade owing to their potential to combine the conflicting requirements of strength, flexibility and low mass. This article presents a novel type of morphing structure capable of large deformations, simply consisting of two pre-stressed flanges joined to introduce two stable configurations. The bistability is analysed through a simple analytical model, predicting the positions of the stable and unstable states for different design parameters and material properties. Good correlation is found between experimental results, finite-element modelling and predictions from the analytical model for one particular example. A wide range of design parameters and material properties is also analytically investigated, yielding a remarkable structure with zero stiffness along the twisting axis.

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Material Properties and Design Aspects of Folding Bicycle Frame

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.777 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 264-265 ◽

pp. 777-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.A. Maleque ◽

M.S. Hossain ◽

S. Dyuti

Keyword(s):

Material Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

New Materials ◽

Materials Properties ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Bicycle Frame ◽

Successful Design ◽

Future Direction ◽

The Relationship ◽

Comprehensive Study

successful design of folding bicycle should take into account the function, material properties, and fabrication process. There are some other factors that should be considered in anticipating the behavior of materials for folding bicycle. In order to understand the relationship between material properties and design of a folding bicycle and also for the future direction in new materials with new design, a comprehensive study on the design under different conditions are essential. Therefore, a systematic study on the relationship between material properties and design for folding bicycle has been performed. The advantages and disadvantages matrix between conventional bicycle and folding bicycle is presented for better understanding of the materials properties and design. It was found that the materials properties of the folding bicycle frame such as fatigue and tensile strength are the important properties for the better performance of the frame. The relationship between materials properties and design is not straight forward because the behavior of the material in the finished product could be different from that of the raw material. The swing hinge technique could be a better technique in the design for the folding bicycle frame.

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Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures

10.21203/rs.3.rs-159714/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Sprenkle ◽

Luciano Silvestri ◽

M. S. Murillo ◽

Scott Bergeson

Keyword(s):

Material Properties ◽

Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽

Coulomb Systems ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Inertial Confinement ◽

Relaxation Rates ◽

Strongly Coupled ◽

Wide Range ◽

Temperature Relaxation

Abstract New facilities such as the National Ignition Facility and the Linac Coherent Light Source have pushed the frontiers of high energy-density matter. These facilities offer unprecedented opportunities for exploring extreme states of matter, ranging from cryogenic solid-state systems to hot, dense plasmas, with applications to inertial-confinement fusion and astrophysics. However, significant gaps in our understanding of material properties in these rapidly evolving systems still persist. In particular, non-equilibrium transport properties of strongly-coupled Coulomb systems remain an open question. Here, we study ion-ion temperature relaxation in a binary mixture, exploiting a recently-developed dual-species ultracold neutral plasma. We compare measured relaxation rates with atomistic simulations and a range of popular theories. Our work validates the assumptions and capabilities of the simulations and invalidates theoretical models in this regime. This work illustrates an approach for precision determinations of detailed material properties in Coulomb mixtures across a wide range of conditions.

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PREDICTION OF PEEK RESIN PROPERTIES FOR PROCESSING MODELING USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS

10.12783/asc36/35813 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

KHATEREH KASHMARI ◽

PRATHAMESH DESHPANDE ◽

SAGAR PATIL ◽

SAGAR SHAH ◽

MARIANNA MAIARU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Crystallization Kinetics ◽

Material Properties ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Thermomechanical Properties ◽

Volumetric Shrinkage ◽

Processing Temperature ◽

Wide Range

Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) have been the subject of many recent studies due to their outstanding characteristics. For the processing of PMCs, a wide range of elevated temperatures is typically applied to the material, leading to the development of internal residual stresses during the final cool-down step. These residual stresses may lead to net shape deformations or internal damage. Also, volumetric shrinkage, and thus additional residual stresses, could be created during crystallization of the semi-crystalline thermoplastic matrix. Furthermore, the thermomechanical properties of semi-crystalline polymers are susceptible to the crystallinity content, which is tightly controlled by the processing parameters (processing temperature, temperature holding time) and material properties (melting and crystallization temperatures). Hence, it is vital to have a precise understanding of crystallization kinetics and its impact on the final component's performance to accurately predict induced residual stresses during the processing of these materials. To enable multi-scale process modeling of thermoplastic composites, molecular-level material properties must be determined for a wide range of crystallinity levels. In this study, the thermomechanical properties and volumetric shrinkage of the thermoplastic Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK) resin are predicted as a function of crystallinity content and temperature using molecular dynamics (MD) modeling. Using crystallization-kinetics models, the thermo-mechanical properties are directly related to processing time and temperature. This research can ultimately predict the residual stress evolution in PEEK composites as a function of processing parameters.

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