Antibody Response to Bacterial Antigens: Characteristics of Antibody Response to Somatic Antigens of Salmonella typhimurium

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Y. Fukazawa ◽  
T. Shinoda ◽  
T. Yomoda ◽  
T. Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
O Antigens

The character of the antibody response in the rabbit to Salmonella typhimurium somatic (O) antigen was similar to the response to each of several serotypes of Shigella flexneri O antigens, namely a predominance of production of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody. Lipopolysaccharide protein (LPSP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fractions of Salmonella O antigen differed significantly in both quantitative and qualitative aspects of their immunogenicity. LPSP elicited high levels of agglutinins and also induced the production of a significant amount of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody at a late period. LPS antigen elicited low levels of agglutinins which were exclusively IgM antibody. These results suggested that the chemical nature of the antigen is one important factor in the determination of the character of the antibody response. Further, it is suggested that the protein moiety of the O antigen complex is a carrier active in allowing induction of early IgM and of late IgG antibodies; in contrast, the lipid moiety may compete with this action of the carrier protein, thereby suppressing IgG antibody in the primary stage of the antibody-forming process.

scholarly journals Specific Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-Grabbing Nonintegrin R1 Is Not Involved in the Murine Antibody Response to Pneumococcal Polysaccharides

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 5748-5752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Moens ◽  
Axel Jeurissen ◽  
Greet Wuyts ◽  
Padraic G. Fallon ◽  
Boon Louis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Intracellular Adhesion Molecule

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is a microorganism that frequently causes serious infections in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. We studied whether the specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin R1 (Sign-R1) receptor, involved in the uptake of capsular polysaccharides (caps-PS) by antigen-presenting cells, is necessary for the antibody response to pneumococcal caps-PS and phosphorylcholine (PC). The antibody response to caps-PS and PC was evaluated after vaccination with soluble caps-PS (Pneumovax) and after vaccination with heat-killed S. pneumoniae. The role of Sign-R1 was investigated by using Sign-R1 knockout mice and anti-Sign-R1 monoclonal antibodies. The immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody response to PC and caps-PS (serotypes 3 and 14) was not affected by anti-Sign-R1 monoclonal antibodies. The IgM antibody response in Sign-R1 knockout mice was comparable to the antibody response in wild-type mice. The IgG antibody response to serotype 3, but not to serotype 14, tended to be lower in Sign-R1 knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. In conclusion, we found that Sign-R1 is not involved in the IgM antibody production to PC and caps-PS serotype 3 or 14 and the IgG immune response to PC and caps-PS serotype 14. There is no direct relation between capture and uptake of caps-PS serotype 14 by Sign-R1 and the initiation of the anti-caps-PS antibody production in mice.

scholarly journals Molecular Modeling of the Shigella flexneri Serogroup 3 and 5 O-Antigens and Conformational Relationships for a Vaccine Containing Serotypes 2a and 3a

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Jason Hlozek ◽  
Sara Owen ◽  
Neil Ravenscroft ◽  
Michelle M. Kuttel
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Work Support ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
The Common ◽  
O Antigens ◽  
Chain Conformations ◽  
Shared Epitopes

The pathogenic bacterium Shigella flexneri is a leading global cause of diarrheal disease. The O-antigen is the primary vaccine target and distinguishes the 30 serotypes reported. Except for serotype 6, all S. flexneri serotypes have a common backbone repeating unit (serotype Y), with variations in substitution creating the various serotypes. A quadrivalent vaccine containing serotypes 2a and 3a (as well as 6 and Shigella sonnei) is proposed to provide broad protection against non-vaccine S. flexneri serotypes through shared epitopes and conformations. Here we model the O-antigen (O-Ag) conformations of serogroups 3 and 5: a continuation of our ongoing systematic study of the S. flexneri O-antigens that began with serogroup 2. Our simulations show that S. flexneri serogroups 2, 3, and 5 all have flexible O-Ags, with substitutions of the backbone altering the chain conformations in different ways. Our analysis suggests three general heuristics for the effects of substitution on the Shigella O-Ag conformations: (1) substitution on rhamnose C reduces the extension of the O-Ag chain; (2) substitution at O-3 of rhamnose A restricts the O-Ags to predominantly helical conformations, (3) substitution at O-3 of rhamnose B has only a slight effect on conformation. The common O-Ag conformations across serotypes identified in this work support the assumption that a quadrivalent vaccine containing serotypes 2a and 3a could provide coverage against S. flexneri serotype 3b and serogroup 5.

scholarly journals Generation of Antibody Responses to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides Is Independent of CD1 Expression in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1976-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Moens ◽  
Axel Jeurissen ◽  
Stefan Nierkens ◽  
Louis Boon ◽  
Luc Van Kaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Protection Against Infection

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterial microorganism that frequently causes serious infection, particularly in children and the elderly. Protection against infection with S. pneumoniae is based mainly on the generation of antibodies to the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (caps-PS), but the mechanisms responsible for the generation of anticapsular antibodies remain incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of CD1-restricted T cells in the antibody response to caps-PS. When immunized with Pneumo23, wild-type mice and CD1 knockout mice on BALB/c and C57BL/6 backgrounds generated immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody responses to soluble caps-PS that were comparable. Similar results were obtained after immunization with heat-inactivated S. pneumoniae. The IgM and IgG antibody response of wild-type mice to Pneumo23 was not affected by an antagonizing monoclonal anti-CD1 antibody treatment. In summary, our data provide evidence that the antibody response to caps-PS is generated independently of CD1 expression.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage-encoded glucosyltransferase GtrII of Shigella flexneri: membrane topology and identification of critical residues

2005 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele M. LEHANE ◽  
Haralambos KORRES ◽  
Naresh K. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Membrane Topology ◽  
Transmembrane Helices ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Critical Residues ◽  
O Antigens

The Shigella flexneri serotypes differ in the nature of their O-antigens. The addition of glucosyl or O-acetyl groups to the common backbone repeat units gives rise to the different serotypes. GtrII glucosylates rhamnose III of the O-antigen repeat unit, thus converting serotype Y (which has no modifications to the basic O-antigen repeat unit) into serotype 2a, the most prevalent serotype. In the present study, the topology of GtrII has been determined. GtrII has nine transmembrane helices, a re-entrant loop and three large periplasmic regions. Four critical residues (Glu40, Phe414, Cys435 and Lys478) were identified in two of the periplasmic regions. Despite the lack of sequence similarity between GtrII and the Gtrs from other serotypes, three of the critical residues identified are conserved in the remaining Gtrs. This is consistent with some degree of mechanistic conservation in this functionally related group of proteins.

scholarly journals The antibody response in Legionnaires' disease

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nagington ◽  
T. G. Wreghitt ◽  
J. O'H. Tobin ◽  
A. D. Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

summaryFrom 22 patients with Legionnaires' disease, 86 sera were examined for specific serotype 1 IgM and IgG antibodies by the indirect immunofluorescence technique.No antibody was detectable until 8 days or more from the onset of symptoms. When produced the amount was widely variable and remained detectable for periods from less than 34 days to more than 1 year.Initially IgM antibody predominated, ten patients produced only IgM in the first 21 days, six produced only IgM in the first 28 days and three did not produce IgG at any time. One patient, and possibly a second, produced only IgG antibody.Since IgM antibody was still present in one patient after a year it is important not to accept the presence of this as evidence of very recent infection.It is advisable that any type of serological test for L. pneumophila infection should detect the production of both IgM and IgG antibodies.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of all 34 distinct O-antigen forms of Shigella

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayue Li ◽  
Boyang Cao ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Qili Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Probe Concentration ◽  
O Antigens

Shigella is the cause of shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, the occurrence of which is estimated to be 165 million cases per year worldwide, resulting in 1.1 million deaths. Rapid and reliable assays for detecting and identifying Shigella in food, environmental and clinical samples are therefore necessary. Shigella species are traditionally identified by their O antigens. This study developed a DNA microarray targeting O-serotype-specific genes to detect all 34 distinct O-antigen forms of Shigella, including Shigella boydii types 1–18, Shigella dysenteriae types 1–13, Shigella flexneri types 1–5 and 6, and Shigella sonnei. A total of 282 strains were used to test the specificity of the microarray, including 186 Shigella and Escherichia coli representative strains, 86 Shigella clinical isolates and ten strains of other bacterial species that are commonly isolated from food or clinical stool specimens. The oligonucleotide probes were printed on the microarray in concentrations from 1 to 100 μM, and 10 μM proved to be the optimal probe concentration. The detection sensitivity for each serotype was 50 ng genomic DNA or 1 c.f.u. in 25 g milk powder sample following a 6 h enrichment in broth. The microarray is specific, sensitive and reproducible, and, to our knowledge, is the first report of a microarray for serotyping all O-antigen forms of Shigella.

scholarly journals SELECTIVE ROLES OF THYMUS-DERIVED LYMPHOCYTES IN THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomio Tada ◽  
Toshitada Takemori
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cell Transfer ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibody

Passively transferred thymocytes and spleen cells from donors primed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) exerted differential suppressive effect on IgM and IgG antibody responses of syngeneic recipients immunized with DNP-KLH depending primarily on the time when KLH-primed cells were transferred. This was demonstrated by the decrease in the numbers of DNP-specific direct and indirect PFC in the spleen of the recipients given KLH-primed cells at different times during primary and secondary immunization. Whereas the cell transfer simultaneously with or 2 days after the primary immunization produced only slight suppression of the peak IgM antibody response, it caused profound suppression of late IgM and IgG antibody responses. By contrast, the cell transfer 3 days after the immunization produced immediate suppression of the ongoing IgM antibody response resulting in its earlier termination, while being unable to prevent the induction of IgG antibody response. KLH-primed cells could moderately suppress the secondary anti-DNP antibody response, in which IgG antibody response was found to be slightly more sensitive than IgM antibody response to the suppressive influence of KLH-primed cells. The suppressive effect of the KLH-primed spleen cells was completely eliminated by the in vitro treatment of the cells with anti-θ and C before cell transfer, indicating that cells responsible for the suppression are, in fact, T cells. The suppression of DNP-specific antibody response by KLH-primed T cells was achieved only if the recipients were immunized with DNP-KLH but not with DNP-heterologous carrier, suggesting that direct interaction between T and B cells is necessary for the suppression of the antibody response. It is concluded that susceptibility of B cells to the specific suppressive influence of T cells is inherently different depending on the differentiation stage of B cells and on the immunoglobulin class they are destined to produce.

scholarly journals The 30-kDa band from Salmonella typhimurium: IgM, IgA and IgG antibody response in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Rheumatology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Zambrano-Zaragoza ◽  
M. de Jesus Duran-Avelar ◽  
A. N. Rodriguez-Ocampo ◽  
E. Garcia-Latorre ◽  
R. Burgos-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Igg Antibody

scholarly journals Bacteriophage Sf6 Tailspike Protein for Detection of Shigella flexneri Pathogens

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kunstmann ◽  
Tom Scheidt ◽  
Saskia Buchwald ◽  
Alexandra Helm ◽  
Laurence Mulard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Visible Light Range ◽  
O Antigens ◽  
Tailspike Protein

Bacteriophage research is gaining more importance due to increasing antibiotic resistance. However, for treatment with bacteriophages, diagnostics have to be improved. Bacteriophages carry adhesion proteins, which bind to the bacterial cell surface, for example tailspike proteins (TSP) for specific recognition of bacterial O-antigen polysaccharide. TSP are highly stable proteins and thus might be suitable components for the integration into diagnostic tools. We used the TSP of bacteriophage Sf6 to establish two applications for detecting Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri), a highly contagious pathogen causing dysentery. We found that Sf6TSP not only bound O-antigen of S. flexneri serotype Y, but also the glucosylated O-antigen of serotype 2a. Moreover, mass spectrometry glycan analyses showed that Sf6TSP tolerated various O-acetyl modifications on these O-antigens. We established a microtiter plate-based ELISA like tailspike adsorption assay (ELITA) using a Strep-tag®II modified Sf6TSP. As sensitive screening alternative we produced a fluorescently labeled Sf6TSP via coupling to an environment sensitive dye. Binding of this probe to the S. flexneri O-antigen Y elicited a fluorescence intensity increase of 80% with an emission maximum in the visible light range. The Sf6TSP probes thus offer a promising route to a highly specific and sensitive bacteriophage TSP-based Shigella detection system.

Comparison of three anti-coccidioides antibody enzyme immunoassay kits for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Malo ◽  
Eric Holbrook ◽  
Tirdad Zangeneh ◽  
Chris Strawter ◽  
Eyal Oren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Detection Specificity

Abstract Coccidioidomycosis is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in endemic areas of the southwestern United States. Clinical presentations range from self-limited disease to severe, disseminated disease. As such, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and monitoring. Currently available diagnostic testing has variable accuracy, particularly in certain patient populations, and new tests may offer improved accuracy for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Serum samples from patients with coccidioidomycosis and controls were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies using the MVista Coccidioides antibody detection EIA and two commonly used commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits: the IMMY Omega EIA and the Meridian Premier EIA. The sensitivity of the IgG antibody detection was 87.4% using the MVista test compared to 46.6% for IMMY and 70.9% for Meridian. The sensitivity for IgM antibody detection was 61.2% for the MVista test, 22.3% for IMMY and 29.1% for Meridian. For IgG antibody detection, specificity was 90% for the MVista EIA, 94.6% for IMMY, 96.4% for Meridian. For IgM antibody detection, specificity was 95.3% for the MVista test 98.2% for IMMY and 99.1% for Meridian. The MVista Coccidioides antibody EIA offers improved sensitivity, including among high-risk patient populations, for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in comparison to other currently available EIAs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document