scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae Strains Possess Multiple Strategies for Abiotic and Biotic Surface Colonization

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (14) ◽  
pp. 5348-5360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Mueller ◽  
Diane McDougald ◽  
Danielle Cusumano ◽  
Nidhi Sodhi ◽  
Staffan Kjelleberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Surface Colonization ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Lingulodinium Polyedrum ◽  
Transposon Mutants

ABSTRACT Despite its notoriety as a human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic microbe suited to live in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments where biofilm formation may provide a selective advantage. Here we report characterization of biofilms formed on abiotic and biotic surfaces by two non-O1/O139 V. cholerae strains, TP and SIO, and by the O1 V. cholerae strain N16961 in addition to the isolation of 44 transposon mutants of SIO and TP impaired in biofilm formation. During the course of characterizing the mutants, 30 loci which have not previously been associated with V. cholerae biofilms were identified. These loci code for proteins which perform a wide variety of functions, including amino acid metabolism, ion transport, and gene regulation. Also, when the plankton colonization abilities of strains N16961, SIO, and TP were examined, each strain showed increased colonization of dead plankton compared with colonization of live plankton (the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum and the copepod Tigriopus californicus). Surprisingly, most of the biofilm mutants were not impaired in plankton colonization. Only mutants impaired in motility or chemotaxis showed reduced colonization. These results indicate the presence of both conserved and variable genes which influence the surface colonization properties of different V. cholerae subspecies.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of OscR, a Transcriptional Regulator Involved in Osmolarity Adaptation in Vibrio cholerae

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (13) ◽  
pp. 4082-4096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Shikuma ◽  
Fitnat H. Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Matrix Production ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is a facultative human pathogen. In its aquatic habitat and as it passes through the digestive tract, V. cholerae must cope with fluctuations in salinity. We analyzed the genome-wide transcriptional profile of V. cholerae grown at different NaCl concentrations and determined that the expression of compatible solute biosynthesis and transporter genes, virulence genes, and genes involved in adhesion and biofilm formation is differentially regulated. We determined that salinity modulates biofilm formation, and this response was mediated through the transcriptional regulators VpsR and VpsT. Additionally, a transcriptional regulator controlling an osmolarity adaptation response was identified. This regulator, OscR (osmolarity controlled regulator), was found to modulate the transcription of genes involved in biofilm matrix production and motility in a salinity-dependent manner. oscR mutants were less motile and exhibited enhanced biofilm formation only under low-salt conditions.

scholarly journals The LonA Protease Regulates Biofilm Formation, Motility, Virulence, and the Type VI Secretion System in Vibrio cholerae

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rogers ◽  
Loni Townsley ◽  
Ana L. Gallego-Hernandez ◽  
Sinem Beyhan ◽  
Laura Kwuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Lon Protease ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Type Vi Secretion System ◽  
Cyclic Diguanylate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Infant Mouse ◽  
Type Vi Secretion

ABSTRACTThe presence of the Lon protease in all three domains of life hints at its biological importance. The prokaryotic Lon protease is responsible not only for degrading abnormal proteins but also for carrying out the proteolytic regulation of specific protein targets. Posttranslational regulation by Lon is known to affect a variety of physiological traits in many bacteria, including biofilm formation, motility, and virulence. Here, we identify the regulatory roles of LonA in the human pathogenVibrio cholerae. We determined that the absence of LonA adversely affects biofilm formation, increases swimming motility, and influences intracellular levels of cyclic diguanylate. Whole-genome expression analysis revealed that the message abundance of genes involved in biofilm formation was decreased but that the message abundances of those involved in virulence and the type VI secretion system were increased in alonAmutant compared to the wild type. We further demonstrated that alonAmutant displays an increase in type VI secretion system activity and is markedly defective in colonization of the infant mouse. These findings suggest that LonA plays a critical role in the environmental survival and virulence ofV. cholerae.IMPORTANCEBacteria utilize intracellular proteases to degrade damaged proteins and adapt to changing environments. The Lon protease has been shown to be important for environmental adaptation and plays a crucial role in regulating the motility, biofilm formation, and virulence of numerous plant and animal pathogens. We find that LonA of the human pathogenV. choleraeis in line with this trend, as the deletion of LonA leads to hypermotility and defects in both biofilm formation and colonization of the infant mouse. In addition, we show that LonA regulates levels of cyclic diguanylate and the type VI secretion system. Our observations add to the known regulatory repertoire of the Lon protease and the current understanding ofV. choleraephysiology.

Isolation of transposon mutants and characterization of genes involved in biofilm formation by Pseudomonas fluorescens TC222

2007 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjuan Nian ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Fuping Song ◽  
Liqiang Fan ◽  
Dafang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Transposon Mutants

scholarly journals Advanced characterization of natural biofilm on nanofiber scaffold

2019 ◽  
pp. S491-S499
Author(s):  
L. Svobodová ◽  
T. Lederer ◽  
P. Rosická ◽  
P. Svoboda ◽  
L. Novák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Surface Colonization ◽  
Nanofiber Scaffold ◽  
Time Required

Nanofiber scaffolds provide numerous advantages over common carriers engineered for microorganisms. The most important advantage is an increased speed of primary surface colonization (up to four times faster), which shortens the time required for the areal biofilm formation and optimum performance of attached microorganisms (higher efficiency of biological activity of up to twice as fast). Image analysis predicts early formation of biofilm even in beginning stages; analysis of biofilm reveals the different structures of bacterial colonies on both scaffolds (higher porosity, size, and number of bacterial colonies on nanofiber’s surface). The image analysis correlates well with determinations of dry matter (linear correlation of 0.96) and proteins (linear correlation of 0.89).

scholarly journals Role for Glycine Betaine Transport in Vibrio cholerae Osmoadaptation and Biofilm Formation within Microbial Communities

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 3840-3847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Kapfhammer ◽  
Ece Karatan ◽  
Kathryn J. Pflughoeft ◽  
Paula I. Watnick
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Compatible Solute ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Solute Transporters

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is a halophilic facultative human pathogen found in marine and estuarine environments. Accumulation of compatible solutes is important for growth of V. cholerae at NaCl concentrations greater than 250 mM. We have identified and characterized two compatible solute transporters, OpuD and PutP, that are involved in uptake of glycine betaine and proline by V. cholerae. V. cholerae does not, however, possess the bet genes, suggesting that it is unable to synthesize glycine betaine. In contrast, many Vibrio species are able to synthesize glycine betaine from choline. It has been shown that many bacteria not only synthesize but also secrete glycine betaine. We hypothesized that sharing of compatible solutes might be a mechanism for cooperativity in microbial communities. In fact, we have demonstrated that, in high-osmolarity medium, V. cholerae growth and biofilm development are enhanced by supplementation with either glycine betaine or spent media from other bacterial species. Thus, we propose that compatible solutes provided by other microorganisms may contribute to survival of V. cholerae in the marine environment through facilitation of osmoadaptation and biofilm development.

scholarly journals Optimized quinoline amino alcohols as disruptors and dispersal agents of Vibrio cholerae biofilms

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
pp. 8495-8499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian León ◽  
F. P. Jake Haeckl ◽  
Roger G. Linington
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Amino Alcohol ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Amino Alcohols ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Biofilm Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Agents

The biofilm state is an integral part of the lifecycle of many bacterial pathogens, but no treatments currently exist that directly impact biofilm formation or persistence. Here we report the development of a quinoline amino alcohol scaffold with both biofilm inhibitory and biofilm dispersal activities against the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Rugose Form of Vibrio cholerae O139 Strain MO10

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 958-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimitsu Mizunoe ◽  
Sun Nyunt Wai ◽  
Akemi Takade ◽  
Shin-Ichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Nutrient Starvation ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Slime Layer ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O139

ABSTRACT An extracellular exopolysaccharide (slime) is produced byVibrio cholerae O139 MO10 in response to nutrient starvation. The presence of this slime layer on the cell surface and its subsequent release have been shown to be associated with biofilm formation and the change from a normal smooth colony morphology to a rugose one. An immunoelectron microscopic examination demonstrated that there is an epitope common to the exopolysaccharide antigen of V. cholerae O1 and that of O139 MO10.

scholarly journals Functional Organization of the Autotransporter Adhesin Involved in Diffuse Adherence

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (24) ◽  
pp. 9020-9029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Ève Charbonneau ◽  
Michael Mourez
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Aggregation ◽  
Cultured Epithelial Cells ◽  
Transposon Mutants ◽  
Putative Domain ◽  
Adhesion And Invasion

ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA-I) is a multifunctional autotransporter protein that mediates bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation, as well as adhesion and invasion of cultured epithelial cells. To elucidate the structure-function relationships of AIDA-I, we performed transposon-based linker scanning mutagenesis and constructed mutants with site-directed deletions. Twenty-nine different mutants with insertions that did not affect protein expression were obtained. Eleven mutants were deficient for one or two but not all of the functions associated with the expression of AIDA-I. Functional characterization of the transposon mutants and of an additional deletion mutant suggested that the N-terminal third of mature AIDA-I is involved in binding of this protein to cultured epithelial cells. The purified product of the putative domain could bind to cultured epithelial cells, confirming the importance of this region in adhesion. We also identified several different mutants in which invasion and adhesion were changed to different extents and two mutants in which autoaggregation and biofilm formation were also affected differently. These results suggest that although conceptually linked, adhesion and invasion, as well as autoaggregation and biofilm formation, are phenomena that may rely on distinct mechanisms when they are mediated by AIDA-I. This study sheds new light on the workings of a protein belonging to an emerging family of strikingly versatile virulence factors.

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