scholarly journals Performance of four IgM antibody assays in the diagnosis of Measles virus primary infection and cases with a serological profile indicating reinfection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Semmler ◽  
Stephan Walter Aberle ◽  
Hannah Griebler ◽  
Lukas Richter ◽  
Daniela Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Serological Profile ◽  
Igg Avidity ◽  
Antibody Assays

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic performance of four commercially available IgM tests in the diagnosis of measles virus (MeV) primary infection and cases with a serological profile indicating reinfection. Methods: Sera from 187 patients with MeV primary infection, 30 patients with suspected reinfection (after vaccine failure) and 153 patients with rash-like symptoms after exclusion of MeV infection were retested with four IgM tests. MeV infection was verified by RT-PCR, primary and suspected reinfections were differentiated by IgG avidity and neutralization assays. Results: All IgM assays displayed significant agreement (Cohen's κ≥0.604, all p<0.001) and a higher diagnostic accuracy in primary infection than in suspected reinfection (indicated by high IgG avidity and significantly higher Anti-MeV-IgG and neutralizing titers). In the overall cohort, the area under the curves (AUC) were comparable among all tests, ranging from 0.875 to 0.931, with ranges increasing to 0.911-0.930 in the primary infection and decreasing to 0.765-0.940 in the setting of high Anti-MeV-IgG avidity, and all tests displayed high specificity (81.1-92.2%). Of note, IgM tests with the highest diagnostic accuracy had discriminatory abilities not significantly different than PCR from serum. Conclusions: Although reinfections pose a challenge for IgM testing, IgM assays remain a cornerstone in the diagnosis of MeV infections. Especially in samples with a serological profile indicating reinfections, IgM tests displayed an equal or even superior diagnostic ability as compared to PCR from serum.

scholarly journals Measles Virus IgG Avidity Assay for Use in Classification of Measles Vaccine Failure in Measles Elimination Settings

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1810-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mercader ◽  
Philip Garcia ◽  
William J. Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Avidity Assay ◽  
Igg Avidity

ABSTRACTIn regions where endemic measles virus has been eliminated, diagnostic assays are needed to assist in correctly classifying measles cases irrespective of vaccination status. A measles IgG avidity assay was configured using a commercially available measles-specific IgG enzyme immunoassay by modifying the protocol to include three 5-min washes with diethylamine (60 mM; pH 10.25) following serum incubation; serum was serially diluted, and the results were expressed as the end titer avidity index. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used for evaluation and validation and to establish low (≤30%) and high (≥70%) end titer avidity thresholds. Analysis of 319 serum specimens expected to contain either high- or low-avidity antibodies according to clinical and epidemiological data indicated that the assay is highly accurate, with an area under the curve of 0.998 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.978 to 1.000), sensitivity of 91.9% (95% CI, 83.2% to 97.0%), and specificity of 98.4% (95% CI, 91.6% to 100%). The assay is rapid (<2 h) and precise (standard deviation [SD], 4% to 7%). In 18 samples from an elimination setting outbreak, the assay identified 2 acute measles cases with low-avidity results; both were IgM-positive samples. Additionally, 11 patients (15 samples) with modified measles who were found to have high-avidity IgG results were classified as secondary vaccine failures; one sample with an intermediate-avidity result was not interpretable. In elimination settings, measles IgG avidity assays can complement existing diagnostic tools in confirming unvaccinated acute cases and, in conjunction with adequate clinical and epidemiologic investigation, aid in the classification of vaccine failure cases.

Elevated CXCL10 Serum Levels in Measles Virus Primary Infection and Reinfection Correlate With the Serological Stage and Hospitalization Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (12) ◽  
pp. 2030-2034
Author(s):  
Georg Semmler ◽  
Hannah Griebler ◽  
Stephan W Aberle ◽  
Karin Stiasny ◽  
Lukas Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Potential Marker

Abstract We quantified serum concentrations of chemokine CXCL10 in 288 patients with measles virus (MeV) primary infection and 16 patients with reinfection (vaccine failure). CXCL10 peaked with emergence of IgM antibodies and was elevated in hospitalized patients (3233 vs 1930 pg/mL, P &lt; .0001). CXCL10 differed between primary and reinfection (1958 vs 932 pg/mL, P = .0402). In comparison to other viral infections with rash-like symptoms, CXCL10 was highly elevated in MeV infection (area under the curve = 0.935; 95% confidence interval, .905–.965; P &lt; .0001). CXCL10 is a potential marker for diagnosis, stage, and severity of MeV infection.

531: Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR for AMACR Distinguishes Prostate Cancer with High Specificity From Benign Lesions

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 145-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schostak ◽  
Hans Krause ◽  
Jens Köllermann ◽  
Mark Schrader ◽  
Bernd Straub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Benign Lesions

scholarly journals Clinical application of the 2011 IFCPC colposcope terminology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Shuhui Hong ◽  
Guihui Zhang ◽  
Fengnian Rong
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Cervical Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Common Sign

Abstract Background Colposcopy offers an accurate way to the diagnose of cervical precancerous lesions. However, the diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy is unsatisfied. This study was to evaluate colposcopic accuracy according to the 2011 International Federation of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) terminology. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed in 1,838 patients who underwent colposcopy in Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University from October 2013 to April 2018. Using conization or cervical biopsy pathology as the gold standard, the agreement between colposcopic diagnosis and pathologic diagnosis was calculated, and correlations between variables were analyzed. Results As an authoritative and widely used terminology for colposcopy diagnosis, the 2011 IFCPC terminology has certain clinical practicality and diagnostic accuracy. However, some signs such as mosaic, punctation, sharp border, inner border sign and ridge sign had high specificity but unsatisfactory sensitivity, which limited the diagnostic value. Therefore, we discussed the Lugol’s staining, a very common sign in colposcopy, and analyzed the diagnostic significance of bright yellow staining in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and mustard yellow staining in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). The results showed that mustard yellow may be a valuable indicator in the diagnosis of HSIL. Conclusion The 2011 IFCPC colposcope terminology has standardized interpretations of the colposcopic findings and improved the accuracy of colposcopy diagnosis. The aceto-white epithelium still has important diagnostic value; however, the value of a few signs is needed to be discussed and new signs are expected to be discovered. Although the significance of Lugol’s staining was diminishing, mustard yellow might be a valuable indicator for the diagnosis of HSIL.

Differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using contrast-enhanced ultrasound: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yanling Chen ◽  
Wenping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

AIM: To explore the diagnostic ability of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in distinguishing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in differentiating ICC from HCC. The diagnostic ability of CEUS was assessed based on the pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The methodologic quality was assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression and investigation of publication bias were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of eight studies were included, consisting of 1,116 patients with HCC and 529 with ICC. The general diagnostic performance of CEUS in distinguishing ICC and HCC were as follows: pooled sensitivity, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.84–0.96); pooled specificity, 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79–0.92); pooled PLR, 7.1 (95% CI: 4.1–12.0); pooled NLR, 0.09 (95% CI: 0.05–0.19); pooled DOR, 76 (95% CI: 26–220) and AUC, 0.95(95% CI: 0.93–0.97). Different liver background may be a potential factor that influenced the diagnostic accuracy of CEUS according to the subgroup analysis, with the pooled DOR of 89.67 in the mixed liver background group and 46.87 in the cirrhosis group, respectively. Six informative CEUS features that may help differentiate HCC from ICC were extracted. The three CEUS features favoring HCC were arterial phase hyperenhancement(APHE), mild washout and late washout (>60s); the three CEUS favoring ICC were arterial rim enhancement, marked washout and early washout(<60s). No potential publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION: CEUS showed great diagnostic ability in differentiating ICC from HCC, which may be promising for noninvasive evaluation of these diseases.

scholarly journals Greek measles epidemic strain, 2005–2006

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. GIOULA ◽  
A. PAPA ◽  
M. EXINDARI ◽  
A. MELIDOU ◽  
D. CHATZIDIMITRIOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Genotype A

SUMMARYThe purpose of this work was the molecular study of the virus strain that caused the last measles outbreak in Greece. Twenty-four saliva specimens were obtained from selected patients serologically confirmed as measles cases between December 2005 and March 2006. Measles virus (MV) detection was performed by a nested RT–PCR. The 447-bp segment of the N gene of these MV strains was used for genotyping. The N gene sequences of the Greek MV strains were identical to each other, therefore a phylogenetic tree was constructed using one representative MV (ThesGRE/06). Our data show that the MV strain which caused the 2005–2006 outbreak in Greece belongs to genotype D6, and differs by 0·68% from the New Jersey D6 strain and by 5·5% from the MV vaccine strain Edmonston B (U03656) belonging to genotype A.

scholarly journals Measles virus TaqMan RT-PCR (F gene; no longer in regular use; see Guidelines) v3 (protocols.io.8b9hsr6)

protocols.io ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Finger ◽  
Michael Lyon ◽  
Judy Northill ◽  
Ian Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
F Gene

scholarly journals Detection of measles virus genome in bone-marrow aspirates from adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 2485-2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satomi Sonoda ◽  
Mitsuo Kitahara ◽  
Tetsuo Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

We investigated the presence of the measles virus genome in order to identify asymptomatic infections in the adult population. Bone-marrow aspirates were obtained from 179 patients, 20–96 years of age, for the diagnosis of malignant diseases (29 with malignant lymphoma, 28 with acute leukaemia, 21 with myelodysplastic syndrome, five with multiple myeloma and 96 with other diseases). The measles virus genome was detected in 17 (9·5%) of 179 individuals by RT–PCR and 28 (15·6%) through hybridization. The genomes detected in bone marrow were all in the same cluster, D5, the strain circulating during the study period, and no evidence of persistent infection was obtained. We conclude that asymptomatic infections of measles virus are common in adults and the presence of the measles virus genome would not be related to the pathogenesis of illness.

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