scholarly journals The Three Major Spanish Clones of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Are the Most Common Clones Recovered in Recent Cases of Meningitis in Spain

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3210-3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Enright ◽  
Asunción Fenoll ◽  
David Griffiths ◽  
Brian G. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Sequence Types

One hundred six isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniaerecovered in Spain from patients with meningitis in 1997 and 1998 were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. A heterogeneous collection of genotypes was associated with meningitis in Spain: 65 different sequence types were resolved and, even at a genetic distance of 0.43, there were 37 distinct lineages. Thirty-eight percent of the isolates, including all isolates of serotypes 6B, 9V, 14, and 23F, were resistant to penicillin, and 24% of the isolates were members of the three major Spanish penicillin-resistant or multidrug-resistant clones of serotypes 6B, 9V, and 23F or serotype variants of these clones. These three clones (MICs, 1 to 2 μg of penicillin/ml) were the most common clones associated with pneumococcal meningitis in Spain during 1997 and 1998. Only two of the other clones associated with meningitis were penicillin resistant (MICs, 0.12 to 0.5 μg/ml). One of the two most prevalent penicillin-susceptible clones causing meningitis (serotype 3) has not been detected outside of Spain, whereas the other (serotype 18C) has been recovered from patients with meningitis in the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, and Denmark. The prevalence of meningitis caused by isolates of the three major Spanish penicillin-resistant or multiply antibiotic-resistant clones, which are now globally distributed, is disturbing and clearly establishes their ability to cause life-threatening disease.

scholarly journals Invasiveness of Serotypes and Clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Children in Finland

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Hanage ◽  
Tarja H. Kaijalainen ◽  
Ritva K. Syrjänen ◽  
Kari Auranen ◽  
Maija Leinonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dramatic Effect ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) causes diseases from otitis media to life-threatening invasive infection. The species is extremely antigenically and clonally diverse. We wished to determine odds ratios (ORs) for serotypes and clones of S. pneumoniae that cause invasive disease in Finland. A total of 224 isolates of S. pneumoniae from cases of invasive disease in children <2 years of age in Finland between 1995 and 1999 were serotyped, and sequence types (STs) were determined by multilocus sequence typing. These STs were compared with a previously published carriage data set. STs from invasive disease were significantly less diverse than those from carriage (invasive disease, 0.038 ± 0.01; carriage, 0.019 ± 0.005). The ORs of serotypes 14, 18C, 19A, and 6B were significantly greater than 1, indicating association with invasive disease. The ORs of 6A and 11A were significantly less than 1. The difference between 6A and 6B is significant, which suggests that relatively subtle changes in the capsule may have a dramatic effect upon disease potential. We found that ST 156, the Spain9V-3 clone which mainly expressed serotype 14 in Finland, is strongly associated with invasive disease (OR, 10.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 79.5). Significant associations with invasive disease were also detected for STs 482, 191, 124, and 138, and associations with carriage were detected for STs 485 and 62. These results demonstrate the invasive phenotype of the serotype 14 variant of the Spain9V-3 clone and differences between members of the same serogroup in invasive disease potential.

scholarly journals Identification of Three Major Clones of Multiply Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwanese Hospitals by Multilocus Sequence Typing

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3514-3519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yuan Shi ◽  
Mark C. Enright ◽  
Paul Wilkinson ◽  
David Griffiths ◽  
Brian G. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Allelic Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Typing Procedure

In this paper we demonstrate the advantages of a new molecular typing procedure, multilocus sequence typing, for the unambiguous characterization of penicillin-resistant pneumococci. The sequences of ∼450-bp fragments of seven housekeeping genes were determined for 74 penicillin-resistant Taiwanese isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC of penicillin > 0.5 μg/ml). The combination of alleles at the seven loci defined an allelic profile for each strain, and a dendrogram, based on the pairwise mismatches in allelic profiles, grouped 86% of the isolates into one of three penicillin-resistant clones for which the MICs of penicillin were 1 to 2 μg/ml. Isolates within each clone had identical alleles at all seven loci or differed at only a single locus, and the fingerprints of their pbp1A, pbp2B, and pbp2X genes were uniform. Isolates of the Taiwan-19F clone and the Taiwan-23F clone were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin but were susceptible to chloramphenicol. A second serotype 23F clone and serotype 19F variants of this clone were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and, in some cases, erythromycin. Comparisons of the allelic profiles of the three major clones with those of reference isolates of the known penicillin-resistant clones showed that the Taiwan-19F and Taiwan-23F clones were previously undescribed, whereas the second serotype 23F clone was indistinguishable from the Spanish multidrug-resistant serotype 23F clone. Single isolates of the Spanish penicillin-resistant serotype 9V clone and the Spanish multidrug-resistant serotype 6B clone were also identified in the collection.

scholarly journals Rise of multidrug-resistant non-vaccine serotype 15A Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United Kingdom, 2001 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Sheppard ◽  
Norman K. Fry ◽  
Shazad Mushtaq ◽  
Neil Woodford ◽  
Rosy Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
British Society ◽  
Invasive Isolate ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Almost All

Conjugate vaccines have reduced pneumococcal disease in vaccinated children and unvaccinated adults, but non-vaccine serotypes are of concern, particularly if antibiotic resistant. We reviewed Streptococcus pneumoniae collected via: (i) the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) surveillances from 2001–2014; (ii) Public Health England’s (PHE) invasive isolate surveillance from 2005–2014 and (iii) referral to PHE for resistance investigation from 2005–2014. Serotype 15A increased in all series, with many representatives showing triple resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines and penicillin. 15A was consistently among the 10 most prevalent serotypes from 2011 in PHE and BSAC invasive isolate/bacteraemia surveillance but never previously; 26–33% of these invasive 15A isolates had triple resistance. BSAC respiratory isolates were only serotyped in 2013/14 and 2014/15 (October to September); 15A was most prevalent serotype in both periods, comprising 9–11% of isolates, 38–48% of them with triple resistance. Serotype 15A represented 0–4% of S. pneumoniae referred to PHE for reference investigation annually until 2008 but rose to 29% (2013) and 32% (2014). Almost all multidrug-resistant 15A isolates were sequence type (ST) 63 variants, whereas susceptible 15A isolates were clonally diverse. The rise of serotype 15A suggests that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines will need ongoing adaptation.

Genetic relatedness of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci isolated during case clusters

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1097-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Clarke ◽  
D Lawrie ◽  
M A Diggle
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with two case clusters of disease is reported here for the first time. Isolates from the first cluster were serotype 19F, resistant to penicillin and erythromycin, and were characterized as ST 320. Isolates from the second cluster were serogroup 4, resistant to ciprofloxacin, and were characterized as ST 206. Therefore, the isolates from these clusters were antibiotic-resistant, of serotypes infrequently isolated, and of uncommon sequence types.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Analysis of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sadowy ◽  
Radosław Izdebski ◽  
Anna Skoczyńska ◽  
Paweł Grzesiowski ◽  
Marek Gniadkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Related Clone ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT β-Lactams are the drugs of choice for the treatment of infections caused by the important bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. The recent growth of resistance of this organism to penicillin observed worldwide is of the highest concern. In this study, using 887 surveillance pneumococcal isolates recovered in Poland from 1998 to 2002, we observed the increase in penicillin nonsusceptibility from 8.7% to 20.3%. All of the 109 penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP) isolates identified, together with 22 archival PNSP isolates from 1995 to 1997, were subsequently analyzed by susceptibility testing, serotyping, profiling of pbp genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Four predominant serotypes, serotypes 6B, 9V, 14, and 23F, characterized 85.5% of the isolates. MLST revealed the presence of 34 sequence types, 15 of which were novel types. Representatives of seven multiresistant international clones (Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, Spain9V-3, Taiwan23F-15, Poland23F-16, Poland6B-20, and Sweden15A-25) or their closely related variants comprised the majority of the study isolates. The spread of Spain9V-3 and its related clone of serotype 14/ST143 has remarkably contributed to the recent increase in penicillin resistance in pneumococci in the country.

Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in school children

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
I. N. Protasova ◽  
N. V. Bakhareva ◽  
N. A. Ilyenkova ◽  
E. S. Sokolovskaya ◽  
T. A. Elistratova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
School Children ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clonal Structure ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Resistant Strains

Purpose. To investigate the serotype distribution, clonal structure and antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci isolated from schoolchildren.Materials and methods. During the period from 2012 to 2018 we examined 498 healthy school children aged 6 to 17 years. Oropharyngeal swab was taken from each child for culture, after that all S. pneumoniae strains were genotyped for serotype and ST-type deduction (PCR and sequencing, respectively). Antimicrobial resistance was also determined.Results. Pneumococcal culture was positive in 10.6 % of children. S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to seven serogroups and seven serotypes. Serogroup 6 and serotype 19F strains (15.1% each), and serogroup 9 strains (13.2%) were the most prevalent. S. pneumoniae33FA/37 and 3 (9.4 and 5.7%), serogroups 15 and 18 (7.6 and 5.7%), and 10A serotype (3.8%) were determined at a lower frequency. 20 detected ST-types belonged to 14 clonal complexes (CCs); CC156, CC447, and CC320 were predominant. 1.9% of isolates were penicillin-resistant; 13.2% – macrolide-, clindamycin-, and tetracycline-resistant. S. pneumoniae antibiotic resistant strains belonged to multidrug-resistant CCs 320, 315, and 156.Conclusion. S. pneumoniae prevalence in school children is not high. Pneumococcal population is characterized by serotype and clonal diversity including ‘invasive’ serotypes and genotypes. Most of strains are susceptible to antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Parainfectious vasculitis due to Pneumococcal meningitis following traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea resulting in cerebellar infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Ummer Karadan ◽  
Robin George Manappallil ◽  
Manoj Bhaskaran ◽  
Anoop Chandran ◽  
Ivin Panakkel Zacharia
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Cerebellar Infarction ◽  
Traumatic Fracture ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhoea ◽  
Life Threatening Complication

Parainfectious vasculitis is a rare life threatening complication of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) meningitis. There is a 19% risk of developing meningitis in the patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. The patient being reported developed CSF rhinorrhoea due to traumatic fracture of cribriform plate, followed by pneumococcal meningitis and parainfectious vasculitis resulting in cerebellar infarction.

scholarly journals Distribution of epidemic antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal clones in Scottish pneumococcal isolates analysed by multilocus sequence typing

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Smith ◽  
J. Jefferies ◽  
S. C. Clarke ◽  
C. Dowson ◽  
G. F. S. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clone Sequence ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Type Strains

Sequence types of pneumococci isolated in Scotland between 1996 and 2003 were compared with those of globally prevalent antibiotic-resistant clones. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on 252 invasive pneumococcal isolates referred to the Scottish Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory. Isolates were not preselected for antimicrobial resistance, patient age or disease caused. Sequence types were compared with globally significant antimicrobial-resistant clones identified by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network (PMEN). Sequence types identical with three of the 26 PMEN clones were present in the Scottish collection; the clones were the Spain9V-3 clone (sequence type 156, seven isolates), the England14-9 clone (sequence type 9, eight isolates) and the Utah35B-24 clone (sequence type 377, one isolate). Many Scottish isolates related to PMEN clones had lower antimicrobial MICs than those described for the corresponding PMEN type strain. A number of single- (SLVs) and double-locus variants (DLVs) were present. Fifteen SLVs related to PMEN sequence types 37, 67, 90, 81, 156, 236 and 377 were detected. The collection contained 10 DLVs related to PMEN sequence types 37, 156, 173 and 338. The majority of SLVs and DLVs were penicillin- or erythromycin-sensitive variants of the resistant PMEN type strains. Capsule switching in isolates related to the PMEN clones was also detected. The highest levels of penicillin resistance were detected in sequence type 320 (serotype 19F), which is not a PMEN clone. These data suggest that PMEN clones are not widely distributed in disease-causing isolates in Scotland.

scholarly journals Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from India with special reference to their sequence types

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Shariff ◽  
Jyoti Choudhary ◽  
Shazia Zahoor ◽  
Monorama Deb
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Sequence Types

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in young children and the elderly. In the present study we evaluated antimicrobial susceptibilities, serotypes, and sequence types of pneumococcal isolates recovered in New Delhi, India. Methodology: A total of 126 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were investigated. They were subjected to disk diffusion susceptibility testing, broth microdilution testing, serotyping and multilocus sequence typing. Results: Broth microdilution assay showed that 5%, 20% and 23% of the isolates exhibited resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Serotypes19, 1 and 6 were more frequently isolated. Thirty per cent of the strains were comprised of serotypes 1, 3, 5, 19A and 7F, which are not included in the seven-valent vaccine. Fifty-nine isolates were typed using multilocus sequence typing. Thirty new sequence types were encountered in this study. Only one clonal complex with 4 isolates was seen; 11 clonal complexes and 96 sequence types (STs) were observed among 115 Indian isolates. Only 18 of the 96 STs were found globally, of which only 4 STs were found in many countries with larger numbers. Conclusions: This study identifies the non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae circulating in India. It is important that an appropriate vaccine which covers all serotypes is used in the region.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Erick Palavecino ◽  
Camila Pérez ◽  
Tania Zuñiga
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Photodynamic Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coconut that causes various life-threatening infections and, in turn, represents a major producer of healthcare-associated infections. This pathogen is highly resistant to antibiotics, which has made it difficult to eradicate in recent decades. Photodynamic therapy is a promising approach to address the notable shortage of antibiotic options against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This therapy combines the use of a photosensitizing agent, light, and oxygen to eradicate pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to provide relevant bibliographic information about the application of photodynamic therapy as an alternative antimicrobial therapy for Staphylococcus aureus infections. Methods: This review was achieved through a bibliographic search in various databases and the analysis of relevant publications on the subject. Results: A large body of evidence demonstrates the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in eliminating biofilm- or biofilm-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus, as well as antibiotic-resistant strains. Conclusion: We conclude that photodynamic therapy against Staphylococcus aureus is a recommended antibacterial therapy that may complement antibiotic treatment.

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