scholarly journals Invasiveness of Serotypes and Clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Children in Finland

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Hanage ◽  
Tarja H. Kaijalainen ◽  
Ritva K. Syrjänen ◽  
Kari Auranen ◽  
Maija Leinonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dramatic Effect ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) causes diseases from otitis media to life-threatening invasive infection. The species is extremely antigenically and clonally diverse. We wished to determine odds ratios (ORs) for serotypes and clones of S. pneumoniae that cause invasive disease in Finland. A total of 224 isolates of S. pneumoniae from cases of invasive disease in children <2 years of age in Finland between 1995 and 1999 were serotyped, and sequence types (STs) were determined by multilocus sequence typing. These STs were compared with a previously published carriage data set. STs from invasive disease were significantly less diverse than those from carriage (invasive disease, 0.038 ± 0.01; carriage, 0.019 ± 0.005). The ORs of serotypes 14, 18C, 19A, and 6B were significantly greater than 1, indicating association with invasive disease. The ORs of 6A and 11A were significantly less than 1. The difference between 6A and 6B is significant, which suggests that relatively subtle changes in the capsule may have a dramatic effect upon disease potential. We found that ST 156, the Spain9V-3 clone which mainly expressed serotype 14 in Finland, is strongly associated with invasive disease (OR, 10.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 79.5). Significant associations with invasive disease were also detected for STs 482, 191, 124, and 138, and associations with carriage were detected for STs 485 and 62. These results demonstrate the invasive phenotype of the serotype 14 variant of the Spain9V-3 clone and differences between members of the same serogroup in invasive disease potential.

scholarly journals The Three Major Spanish Clones of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Are the Most Common Clones Recovered in Recent Cases of Meningitis in Spain

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3210-3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Enright ◽  
Asunción Fenoll ◽  
David Griffiths ◽  
Brian G. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Sequence Types

One hundred six isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniaerecovered in Spain from patients with meningitis in 1997 and 1998 were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. A heterogeneous collection of genotypes was associated with meningitis in Spain: 65 different sequence types were resolved and, even at a genetic distance of 0.43, there were 37 distinct lineages. Thirty-eight percent of the isolates, including all isolates of serotypes 6B, 9V, 14, and 23F, were resistant to penicillin, and 24% of the isolates were members of the three major Spanish penicillin-resistant or multidrug-resistant clones of serotypes 6B, 9V, and 23F or serotype variants of these clones. These three clones (MICs, 1 to 2 μg of penicillin/ml) were the most common clones associated with pneumococcal meningitis in Spain during 1997 and 1998. Only two of the other clones associated with meningitis were penicillin resistant (MICs, 0.12 to 0.5 μg/ml). One of the two most prevalent penicillin-susceptible clones causing meningitis (serotype 3) has not been detected outside of Spain, whereas the other (serotype 18C) has been recovered from patients with meningitis in the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, and Denmark. The prevalence of meningitis caused by isolates of the three major Spanish penicillin-resistant or multiply antibiotic-resistant clones, which are now globally distributed, is disturbing and clearly establishes their ability to cause life-threatening disease.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Analysis of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sadowy ◽  
Radosław Izdebski ◽  
Anna Skoczyńska ◽  
Paweł Grzesiowski ◽  
Marek Gniadkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Related Clone ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT β-Lactams are the drugs of choice for the treatment of infections caused by the important bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. The recent growth of resistance of this organism to penicillin observed worldwide is of the highest concern. In this study, using 887 surveillance pneumococcal isolates recovered in Poland from 1998 to 2002, we observed the increase in penicillin nonsusceptibility from 8.7% to 20.3%. All of the 109 penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP) isolates identified, together with 22 archival PNSP isolates from 1995 to 1997, were subsequently analyzed by susceptibility testing, serotyping, profiling of pbp genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Four predominant serotypes, serotypes 6B, 9V, 14, and 23F, characterized 85.5% of the isolates. MLST revealed the presence of 34 sequence types, 15 of which were novel types. Representatives of seven multiresistant international clones (Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, Spain9V-3, Taiwan23F-15, Poland23F-16, Poland6B-20, and Sweden15A-25) or their closely related variants comprised the majority of the study isolates. The spread of Spain9V-3 and its related clone of serotype 14/ST143 has remarkably contributed to the recent increase in penicillin resistance in pneumococci in the country.

Erythromycin resistance in invasive serotype 14 pneumococci is highly related to clonal type

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1101-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Clarke ◽  
K J Scott ◽  
S M McChlery
Keyword(s):  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Sequence Types

Sixty-seven serotype 14 pneumococci, isolated from invasive disease in Scotland during the first 6 months of 2003, were characterized. Serotype 14 pneumococci accounted for 18.2 % of the total number of cases. Serotyping, multilocus sequence typing and antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed 10 different sequence types (STs), predominantly ST 9 and ST 124; most ST 9 pneumococci were erythromycin-resistant whilst those of ST 124 were not.

scholarly journals Variation in the Presence of Neuraminidase Genes among Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates with Identical Sequence Types

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 3360-3365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda M. Pettigrew ◽  
Kristopher P. Fennie ◽  
Matthew P. York ◽  
Janeen Daniels ◽  
Faryal Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Capsule Type ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Specific Virulence

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae frequently colonizes the upper respiratory tract of young children and is an important cause of otitis media and invasive disease. Carriage is more common than disease, yet the genetic factors that predispose a given clone for disease are not known. The relationship between capsule type, genetic background, and virulence is complex, and important questions remain regarding how pneumococcal clones differ in their ability to cause disease. Pneumococcal neuraminidase cleaves sialic acid-containing substrates and is thought to be important for pneumococcal virulence. We describe the distribution of multilocus sequence types (ST), capsule type, and neuraminidase genes among 342 carriage, middle ear, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pneumococcal strains from young children. We found 149 STs among our S. pneumoniae isolates. nanA was present in all strains, while nanB and nanC were present in 96% and 51% of isolates, respectively. The distribution of nanC varied among the strain collections from different tissue sources (P = 0.03). The prevalence of nanC was 1.41 (95% confidence interval, 1.11, 1.79) times higher among CSF isolates than among carriage isolates. We identified isolates of the same ST that differed in the presence of nanB and nanC. These studies demonstrate that virulence determinants, other than capsule loci, vary among strains of identical ST. Our studies suggest that the presence of nanC may be important for tissue-specific virulence. Studies that both incorporate MLST and take into account additional virulence determinants will provide a greater understanding of the pneumococcal virulence potential.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Antigen from Group B Streptococci That Elicits Protective Immunity

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1671-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravin Seepersaud ◽  
Sean B. Hanniffy ◽  
Peter Mayne ◽  
Phil Sizer ◽  
Richard Le Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Group B streptococci (GBS) usually behave as commensal organisms that asymptomatically colonize the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of adults. However, GBS are also pathogens and the leading bacterial cause of life-threatening invasive disease in neonates. While the events leading to transmission and disease in neonates remain unclear, GBS carriage and level of colonization in the mother have been shown to be significant risk factors associated with invasive infection. Surface antigens represent ideal vaccine targets for eliciting antibodies that can act as opsonins and/or inhibit colonization and invasion. Using a genetic screen for exported proteins in GBS, we identified a gene, designated lrrG, that encodes a novel LPXTG anchored surface antigen containing leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs found in bacterial invasins and other members of the LRR protein family. Southern blotting showed that lrrG was present in all GBS strains tested, representing the nine serotypes, and revealed the presence of an lrrG homologue in Streptococcus pyogenes. Recombinant LrrG protein was shown in vitro to adhere to epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as an adhesion factor in GBS. More importantly, immunization with recombinant LrrG elicited a strong immunoglobulin G response in CBA/ca mice and protected against lethal challenge with virulent GBS. The data presented in this report suggest that this conserved protein is a highly promising candidate antigen for use in a GBS vaccine.

scholarly journals Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from India with special reference to their sequence types

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Shariff ◽  
Jyoti Choudhary ◽  
Shazia Zahoor ◽  
Monorama Deb
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Sequence Types

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in young children and the elderly. In the present study we evaluated antimicrobial susceptibilities, serotypes, and sequence types of pneumococcal isolates recovered in New Delhi, India. Methodology: A total of 126 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were investigated. They were subjected to disk diffusion susceptibility testing, broth microdilution testing, serotyping and multilocus sequence typing. Results: Broth microdilution assay showed that 5%, 20% and 23% of the isolates exhibited resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Serotypes19, 1 and 6 were more frequently isolated. Thirty per cent of the strains were comprised of serotypes 1, 3, 5, 19A and 7F, which are not included in the seven-valent vaccine. Fifty-nine isolates were typed using multilocus sequence typing. Thirty new sequence types were encountered in this study. Only one clonal complex with 4 isolates was seen; 11 clonal complexes and 96 sequence types (STs) were observed among 115 Indian isolates. Only 18 of the 96 STs were found globally, of which only 4 STs were found in many countries with larger numbers. Conclusions: This study identifies the non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae circulating in India. It is important that an appropriate vaccine which covers all serotypes is used in the region.

scholarly journals Temporal Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonality of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Finland, 2002 to 2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 2066-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Siira ◽  
Merja Rantala ◽  
Jari Jalava ◽  
Antti J. Hakanen ◽  
Pentti Huovinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
North America ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Determinant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a growing global problem. In our study, 3,571 invasive pneumococcal isolates, recovered from blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients in Finland between the years 2002 and 2006, showed an increase in erythromycin nonsusceptibility from 16% to 28% (P < 0.0001) over the 5-year study period, as well as a doubling of penicillin nonsusceptibility from 8% to 16% (P < 0.0001). Erythromycin nonsusceptibility increased especially in isolates derived from 0- to 2-year-old children and was 46% for this age group in 2006. Although multiresistance, defined as nonsusceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline, was fairly rare (5.1% in 2006), 38% of the erythromycin-nonsusceptible isolates were also penicillin nonsusceptible, while 74% of the penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates were nonsusceptible to erythromycin. In contrast to the situation in continental Europe, but mirroring that in North America, the most frequent macrolide resistance determinant carried by 56% of the tested macrolide-resistant pneumococci was the mef gene. Serotypes 14, 9V, 19A, 6B, and 19F were most frequently nonsusceptible to erythromycin or penicillin. The penicillin-resistant invasive isolates (n = 88) were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing, which revealed the presence of 25 sequence types, 9 of which were novel. The majority of the isolates were related to one of several globally disseminated penicillin- or multiresistant clones, most importantly the rlrA adhesion pilus carrying clones Spain9V ST156 and Taiwan19F ST236. The penicillin-resistant pneumococcal population in Finland is therefore a combination of internationally recognized genotypes as well as novel ones.

scholarly journals Clonal Spread of mef-Positive Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Causing Invasive Disease in Adults in Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1830-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark van der Linden ◽  
Adnan Al-Lahham ◽  
Stefan Haupts ◽  
Ralf René Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Erythromycin A ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT Isolates (3,845) obtained from German adults with invasive pneumococcal disease between 1992 and 2004 were investigated. Of these, 430 isolates (11.2%) were erythromycin A nonsusceptible. Macrolide resistance genotypes and multilocus sequence types were determined. Among the isolates, 35.6% were erm(B) positive and 63.5% were mef positive. Over the study period, the frequency of resistance rose significantly from 2.2 to 17.0% (P < 0.001). A serotype 14, sequence type 9 clone was the most widespread.

scholarly journals Serotype-specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Czech children

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Zemlickova ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Pavla Urbaskova ◽  
Jitka Motlova ◽  
Martin Musilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
The Czech Republic

To estimate the invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, invasive isolates (n=138) were compared with nasopharyngeal isolates (n=153) from children under 6 years of age in the Czech Republic. Odds ratios (ORs) based on a comparison of the distribution of S. pneumoniae serotypes amongst invasive and carriage isolates were calculated for individual serotypes and 172 strains were characterized using multilocus sequence typing. The ORs of serotypes 9V and 14 were significantly greater than 1, suggesting an association with invasive disease, while serotypes 6A and 23F were significantly associated with carriage (ORs less than 1). A single predominant clone with high invasive disease potential was found in each of the 9V, 7F, 14 and 1 serotypes while carriage-associated serotypes were highly heterogeneous.

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