scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus in Ireland: Detection of Novel Strains Circulating in the Population

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 3370-3374 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O'Halloran ◽  
M. Lynch ◽  
B. Cryan ◽  
H. O'Shea ◽  
S. Fanning
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Institute Of Technology

A collection of three hundred thirty rotavirus-positive stool samples from children with diarrhea in the southern and eastern regions of Ireland between 1997 and 1999 were submitted to the Molecular Diagnostics Unit of the Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland, for investigation. These strains were characterized by several methods, including polyacrylamide gel electropherotyping and G and P genotyping. A subset of the G types was confirmed by nucleic acid sequencing. The most prevalent types found in this collection included G1P[8] (n = 106; 32.1%), G2P[4] (n = 94; 28.5%), and G4P[8] (n = 37; 11.2%). Novel strains were also detected, including G1P[4] (n = 19; 5.8%), and G4P[4] (n = 2; 0.6%). Interestingly, mixed infections accounted for 18.8% (n = 62) of the total collection, with only 3% (n = 10) which were not G and/or P typeable. Significantly, six G8 and five G9 strains were identified as part of mixed infections. These strains have not previously been identified in Irish children, suggesting a greater diversity in rotavirus strains currently circulating in Ireland.

scholarly journals Characterization of rotavirus electropherotypes excreted by symptomatic and asymptomatic infants

1991 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernández ◽  
A. M. Sandino ◽  
J. Pizarro ◽  
L. F. Avendaño ◽  
J. M. Pizarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Stool Samples

SUMMARYHuman rotavirus isolates from 1100 stool samples were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 48 different migration patterns were detected. Heterogeneity in the migration of segment 10 was observed in both long and short electropherotypes in which three long and two short patterns were identified. In spite of these variations all short and long electropherotypes were subgrouped by enzyme immunoassay as subgroups I and II respectively. Mixed infections were detected in 17% of cases and the subgrouping correlated with the corresponding electropherotypes. The same electropherotypes were present in severe, mild and asymptomatic cases and no electropherotype was particularly associated with greater virulence. Furthermore, the electropherotypes isolated from nosocomial asymptomatic cases were the same as those detected from those admitted with severe diarrheoa. It seems unlikely that electropherotyping can be used to identify more virulent strains of rotavirus.

scholarly journals Rotavirus genotyping in gastroenteritis cases of an infantile population from Western Brazilian Amazonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sandra Moura Costa ◽  
Paulo Afonso Nogueira ◽  
Gleicienne Félix Magalhães ◽  
Paula Taquita ◽  
Luis André Mariúba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples

INTRODUCTION: During the period from 2000 to 2002, 79 rotavirus-positive stool samples were collected from children presenting diarrhea in the Western Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: Molecular characterization of the G and P genotypes was performed using RT-PCR and electropherotyping analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: A total of 59 samples were confirmed as group A rotavirus. A long electrophoretic profile was exhibited by the G1P[8], G3P[8], and G4P[8] genotypes. The G1P[8] genotype was found in greater proportion. The short electropherotype was exhibited only by G2 genotype strains. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of the rotavirus genotypes observed was not different from that in other areas of Brazil. This study is the first genotyping of rotavirus in the Western Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children and Adults Sampled in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Salem Belkessa ◽  
Daniel Thomas-Lopez ◽  
Karim Houali ◽  
Farida Ghalmi ◽  
Christen Rune Stensvold
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Assemblage B

The molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in Africa remains unclear. A study was carried out across four hospitals in Algeria. A total of 119 fecal samples from 55 children, 37 adults, and 27 individuals of undetermined age, all scored positive for intestinal parasites by microscopy, and were screened by real-time PCR for Giardia. Molecular characterization of Giardia was performed by assemblage-specific PCR and PCR targeting the triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Of the 119 samples, 80 (67%) were Giardia-positive by real-time PCR. For 48 moderately-highly real-time PCR-positive samples, tpi genotyping assigned 22 samples to Assemblage A and 26 to Assemblage B. Contrary to Assemblage A, Assemblage B exhibited substantial genetic diversity and allelic heterozygosity. Assemblage-specific PCR proved to be specific for discriminating Assemblage A or B but not as sensitive as tpi genotyping. We confirmed that real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopy for detecting Giardia in stool samples and that robust amplification and sequencing of the tpi gene is feasible when moderate-to-strongly real-time PCR-positive samples are used. This study is one of the few performed in Africa providing genotyping data on Giardia infections in humans. Both assemblages A and B were commonly seen and not associated with specific sociodemographic data.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of hookworm spp. isolated from food handlers, Khartoum, Sudan: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Tarig A. Gamar ◽  
Hassan H. Musa ◽  
Hisham N. Altayb ◽  
Mohamed H. Mohamed ◽  
Adam D. Abakar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Hookworms infect the intestines, cause an itchy rash, respiratory and gastrointestinal problems, and eventually iron deficiency (anaemia) due to the ongoing loss of blood. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and molecular characterization of hookworms isolated from food handlers attending the Public Health Laboratories in Khartoum state, Sudan, for annual check-ups, and to assess the efficiency of PCR as molecular probe for hookworm infection. Methods: A total of 350 foods handlers’ participant's stool samples who were not suspected to be infected with hookworms were studied. Conventional methods were applied to make an early diagnosis. Stool samples were collected from public health laboratories (the public health lab in the Medical Commission) of Khartoum State; Omdurman locality, Khartoum North locality and Khartoum locality between October 2016 and April 2017. Specific identification was made by PCR on specimens identified as positive by Baermann’s technique, which were then sequence and genotyped Results: The prevalence of hookworms in the stool samples of food-handlers was 1.43%. One larval specimen recovered by Baermann’s technique was confirmed to be Necator americanus by PCR. PCR also confirmed that Necator americanus was the common species isolated from four further specimens. The results of DNA sequencing for Necator americanus were deposited in NCBI GenBank under the following accession numbers: sample 91, MH035824; sample 92, MH035825; sample 294, MH035826; and sample 319 MH035827. Conclusion: PCR was found to be effective for confirmation of the diagnosis of hookworm infection and can aid the clinician in initiating prompt and appropriate antiparasite therapy.

Detection and molecular characterization of diarrhea causing viruses in single and mixed infections in children: A comparative study between Bangladesh and Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Takahiro Mitui ◽  
Gulendam Bozdayi ◽  
Selim Ahmed ◽  
Takashi Matsumoto ◽  
Akira Nishizono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Mixed Infections

Robust isolation of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 1336-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikó Frigyesi ◽  
Jörgen Adolfsson ◽  
Mina Ali ◽  
Mikael Kronborg Christophersen ◽  
Ellinor Johnsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Key Points

Key Points Molecular characterization of myeloma requires isolation of malignant plasma cells, which is currently hampered by the instability of CD138. We identified CD319 and CD269 as robust replacements for CD138, facilitating molecular diagnostics in myeloma.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of human rhinovirus in stool samples of individuals with and without acute gastroenteritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prapaporn Khoonta ◽  
Piyada Linsuwanon ◽  
Nawarat Posuwan ◽  
Sompong Vongpunsawad ◽  
Sunchai Payungporn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Stool Samples

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of E. Histolytica Strains Based on the Serine Rich Entamoeba Histolytica Protein (Srehp) And Chitinase Genes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renay Ngobeni ◽  
Amidou Samie
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Chitinase Genes

Abstract BACKGROUND: Even though E. histolytica is recognized as an effective pathogen, what determines the outcome of this infection is still not well understood. The present study was carried out to determine the genetic characteristics of E. histolytica isolates from two different regions in South Africa. METHOD: Diarrheal and non-diarrheal stool samples were collected from patients of all ages from Giyani and Pretoria. Different PCR protocols were used to identify E. histolytica and amplify the serine rich E. histolytica protein (SREHP) and chitinase genes. The profiles obtained were compared among the different samples.RESULTS: Out of 111 stool samples collected, 51 were positive by either PCR or microscopy and 14 samples were positive by both methods. The serine- rich E. histolytica protein was amplified in 26 samples. Out of the 26 samples (19) different SREHP profiles were obtained. SREHP #2 was obtained in 5 different samples, 4 from Pretoria and 1 from Giyani (2 diarrheal and 3 non-diarrheal). The chitinase gene was amplified from 51 samples and 22 different chitinase profiles were obtained. Of all the profiles, profile #4 was found in 6 different isolates, 5 from Giyani and 1 from Pretoria (3 symptomatic and 3 asymptomatic). However, profile # 18 was only found in formed stools from Giyani. CONCLUSIONS. The results obtained in this study have further confirmed the genetic heterogeneity of E. histolytica for the SREHP and chitinase genes which might have a significant influence in the outcome of amebic infection, depending on the genetic profile of the infecting strain.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Moxifloxacin Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Mizrahi ◽  
Hamo ◽  
Azrad ◽  
Peretz
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Concordance ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Different Strains

In recent years, the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infections has increased.Additionally, resistance of C. difficile to frequently used antibiotics is rising. To improve ourunderstanding of C. difficile, there is a need for molecular characterization of different strains andantibiotic resistance testing. We investigated the efficacy of GenoType CDiff kit (Hain Lifesciences)in identification of C. difficile and its various strains in northern Israel. The kit involves a molecularassay that detects C. difficile from stool samples or colonies and identifies the different strains andmutations in the gyrA gene that cause moxifloxacin resistance. Forty‐nine C. difficile positive sampleswere examined by the kit following DNA extraction from both colonies and stool. The identificationrate (95.9%) of C. difficile was much higher when DNA was extracted from colonies, compared toextraction from stool (46.9%). Low frequencies of ribotype027 strain (2%) and of ribotype078 strain(4%) were found. There was a high concordance between genotype (mutation in gyrA) andphenotype (Etest) for moxifloxacin resistance (Kappa=0.72). A high percentage of moxifloxacinresistantstrains was found. Our findings indicate that the GenoType CDiff kit is very effective incharacterization of C. difficile strains and less effective for identification of C. difficile directly fromstool samples.

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