Abstract
BackgroundPRRSV and PCV2 co-infection is very common in swine industry which results in huge economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is used to prevent viral diseases, immunosuppression induced by PRRSV and PCV2 leads to vaccine failure. Our previous results have demonstrated that Matrine possessed antiviral activities against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection in vitro. To establish a PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected KM mouse model and evaluate the antiviral activities of Matrine against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. A total of 144 KM mice were randomly divided into six groups with 24 mice in each group, named as: normal control, PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected group (PRRSV/PCV2 group), Ribavirin treatment positive control (Ribavirin control) and Matrine treatment groups (Matrine 40 mg/kg, Matrine 20 mg/kg and Matrine 10 mg/kg). Except normal control group, all mice in other five groups were inoculated with PRRSV, followed by PCV2 at 2 h later. At 7 days post-infection (dpi), mice in the treatment groups were intraperitoneally administered with various doses of Matrine and Ribavirin, twice a day for 5 consecutive days. ResultsPRRSV N and PCV2 CAP genes were detected by PCR in multiple tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, thymus and inguinal lymph nodes. The viral load of PCV2 was the highest in liver followed by thymus and spleen. Although PRRSV were detected in most of the tissues, but the replication of PRRSV was not significantly increased, as shown by qPCR analysis. Comparing with PCV2 infection alone, PRRSV infection significantly elevated PCV2 replication and also exacerbated PCV2 induced interstitial pneumonia. qPCR analysis demonstrated that 40 mg/ml Matrine significantly attenuated PCV2 replication in liver and alleviated virus induced interstitial pneumonia, suggesting that Matrine could directly inhibit virus replication. In addition, Matrine treatment enhanced peritoneal macrophages phagocytosis at 13 and 16 dpi, and 40 mg/kg of Matrine increased the proliferation activity of lymphocytes. Body weight gain was continuously promoted by administrating Matrine at 10 mg/kg.ConclusionMatrine possessed antiviral activities via inhibiting virus replication and regulating immune functions in mice co-infected by PRRSV/PCV2. These data provide new insight into controlling PRRSV and PCV2 infection and support further the research for developing Matrine as a new possible veterinary medicine.
The Viral Polymerase Inhibitor 2'-C-Methylcytidine Inhibits Norwalk Virus Replication and Protects against Norovirus-Induced Diarrhea and Mortality in a Mouse Model