scholarly journals Viable Mice with Compound Mutations in the Wnt/Dvl Pathway Antagonists nkd1 and nkd2

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 4454-4464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Tolga Çagatay ◽  
Manami Amanai ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Janine Kline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis

ABSTRACT Gradients of Wnt/β-catenin signaling coordinate development and physiological homeostasis in metazoan animals. Proper embryonic development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster requires the Naked cuticle (Nkd) protein to attenuate a gradient of Wnt/β-catenin signaling across each segmental anlage. Nkd inhibits Wnt signaling by binding the intracellular protein Dishevelled (Dsh). Mice and humans have two nkd homologs, nkd1 and nkd2, whose encoded proteins can bind Dsh homologs (the Dvl proteins) and inhibit Wnt signaling. To determine whether nkd genes are necessary for murine development, we replaced nkd exons that encode Dvl-binding sequences with IRES-lacZ/neomycin cassettes. Mutants homozygous for each nkd lacZ allele are viable with slightly reduced mean litter sizes. Surprisingly, double-knockout mice are viable, with subtle alterations in cranial bone morphology that are reminiscent of mutation in another Wnt/β-catenin antagonist, axin2. Our data show that nkd function in the mouse is dispensable for embryonic development.

scholarly journals Role of Atg5-dependent cell death in the embryonic development of Bax/Bak double-knockout mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1598-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Arakawa ◽  
Masatsune Tsujioka ◽  
Tatsushi Yoshida ◽  
Hajime Tajima-Sakurai ◽  
Yuya Nishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Dependent Cell

Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Uyen Tram ◽  
William Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

3-Deazaadenosine Inhibits Vasa Vasorum Neovascularization in Aortas of ApoE-/-/LDL-/- Double Knockout Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Langheinrich ◽  
D Sedding ◽  
M Kampschulte ◽  
J Wilhelm ◽  
W Haberbosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Vasa Vasorum ◽  
Double Knockout

scholarly journals Hox dosage contributes to flight appendage morphology in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Paul ◽  
Guillaume Giraud ◽  
Katrin Domsch ◽  
Marilyne Duffraisse ◽  
Frédéric Marmigère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Hox Proteins ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Flying Insects

AbstractFlying insects have invaded all the aerial space on Earth and this astonishing radiation could not have been possible without a remarkable morphological diversification of their flight appendages. Here, we show that characteristic spatial expression profiles and levels of the Hox genes Antennapedia (Antp) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) underlie the formation of two different flight organs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We further demonstrate that flight appendage morphology is dependent on specific Hox doses. Interestingly, we find that wing morphology from evolutionary distant four-winged insect species is also associated with a differential expression of Antp and Ubx. We propose that variation in the spatial expression profile and dosage of Hox proteins is a major determinant of flight appendage diversification in Drosophila and possibly in other insect species during evolution.

scholarly journals Single and mixed exposure to cadmium and mercury in Drosophila melanogaster: Molecular responses and impact on post-embryonic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 112377
Author(s):  
Laëtitia Frat ◽  
Thomas Chertemps ◽  
Élise Pesce ◽  
Françoise Bozzolan ◽  
Matthieu Dacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Mixed Exposure

scholarly journals Quantitative investigation reveals distinct phases in Drosophila sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochan Xu ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Binghui Tian ◽  
Xiuwen Sui ◽  
Weilai Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been used as a model organism for the molecular and genetic dissection of sleeping behaviors. However, most previous studies were based on qualitative or semi-quantitative characterizations. Here we quantified sleep in flies. We set up an assay to continuously track the activity of flies using infrared camera, which monitored the movement of tens of flies simultaneously with high spatial and temporal resolution. We obtained accurate statistics regarding the rest and sleep patterns of single flies. Analysis of our data has revealed a general pattern of rest and sleep: the rest statistics obeyed a power law distribution and the sleep statistics obeyed an exponential distribution. Thus, a resting fly would start to move again with a probability that decreased with the time it has rested, whereas a sleeping fly would wake up with a probability independent of how long it had slept. Resting transits to sleeping at time scales of minutes. Our method allows quantitative investigations of resting and sleeping behaviors and our results provide insights for mechanisms of falling into and waking up from sleep.

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