scholarly journals Determinants of DNA-binding specificity of ETS-domain transcription factors.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 3338-3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Shore ◽  
A J Whitmarsh ◽  
R Bhaskaran ◽  
R J Davis ◽  
J P Waltho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Binding Interface ◽  
Dna Binding Specificity ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Ets Domain

Several mechanisms are employed by members of transcription factor families to achieve sequence-specific DNA recognition. In this study, we have investigated how members of the ETS-domain transcription factor family achieve such specificity. We have used the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily as an example. ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulates serum response factor-dependent and autonomous DNA binding by the TCFs Elk-1 and SAP-la. Phosphorylated Elk-1 and SAP-la exhibit specificities of DNA binding similar to those of their isolated ETS domains. The ETS domains of Elk-1 and SAP-la and SAP-2 exhibit related but distinct DNA-binding specificities. A single residue, D-69 (Elk-1) or V-68 (SAP-1), has been identified as the critical determinant for the differential binding specificities of Elk-1 and SAP-1a, and an additional residue, D-38 (Elk-1) or Q-37 (SAP-1), further modulates their DNA binding. Creation of mutations D38Q and D69V is sufficient to confer SAP-la DNA-binding specificity upon Elk-1 and thereby allow it to bind to a greater spectrum of sites. Molecular modelling indicates that these two residues (D-38 and D-69) are located away from the DNA-binding interface of Elk-1. Our data suggest a mechanism in which these residues modulate DNA binding by influencing the interaction of other residues with DNA.

Complexities in ETS-Domain Transcription Factor Function and Regulation: Lessons from the TCF (Ternary Complex Factor) Subfamily

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Sharrocks
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Ternary Complex ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Ets Domain ◽  
Ternary Complex Factor

The ETS-domain transcription factor family can be divided into a series of subfamilies. Elk-1 represents the founding member of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. By focusing on the TCF subfamily, we can demonstrate the complexities that exist in the function and regulation of ETS-domain transcription factors. This article focuses on Elk-1 in detail and summarizes the functions of other TCFs. The key themes covered include the domain structure of the TCFs, the mechanisms of complex formation with serum response factor, regulation of TCFs by mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and transcriptional regulatory properties of the TCFs. Finally, the emerging role of the TCFs in vivo is discussed. A picture is developing indicating that, while these proteins exhibit significant sequence and functional conservation, key differences in their structure and regulation are being identified which may relate to unique functions of these proteins in vivo.

scholarly journals DNA Binding Specificity of the CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein Transcription Factor Family

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (7) ◽  
pp. 3891-3896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Osada ◽  
Hiroko Yamamoto ◽  
Tsutomu Nishihara ◽  
Masayoshi Imagawa
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Transcription Factor Family ◽  
Dna Binding Specificity ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein ◽  
Ccaat Enhancer Binding Protein ◽  
Protein Transcription

DNA binding specificity of cardiac transcription factor complex GATA4 and NKX2‐5

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Jessica Marie Rodriguez Rios ◽  
Emili Patricia Rosado Rodríguez ◽  
José Arcadio Rodríguez Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Dna Binding Specificity ◽  
Transcription Factor Complex

scholarly journals DNA binding by MADS-box transcription factors: a molecular mechanism for differential DNA bending.

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 2876-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G West ◽  
P Shore ◽  
A D Sharrocks
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Dna Bending ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Dna Binding Specificity ◽  
Single Amino Acid Residue

The serum response factor (SRF) and myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) represent two human members of the MADS-box transcription factor family. Each protein has a distinct biological function which is reflected by the distinct specificities of the proteins for coregulatory protein partners and DNA-binding sites. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism of DNA binding utilized by these two related transcription factors. Although SRF and MEF2A belong to the same family and contain related DNA-binding domains, their DNA-binding mechanisms differ in several key aspects. In contrast to the dramatic DNA bending induced by SRF, MEF2A induces minimal DNA distortion. A combination of loss- and gain-of-function mutagenesis identified a single amino acid residue located at the N terminus of the recognition helices as the critical mediator of this differential DNA bending. This residue is also involved in determining DNA-binding specificity, thus indicating a link between DNA bending and DNA-binding specificity determination. Furthermore, different basic residues within the putative recognition alpha-helices are critical for DNA binding, and the role of the C-terminal extensions to the MADS box in dimerization between SRF and MEF2A also differs. These important differences in the molecular interactions of SRF and MEF2A are likely to contribute to their differing roles in the regulation of specific gene transcription.

scholarly journals Internal Regulatory Interactions Determine DNA Binding Specificity by a Hox Transcription Factor

2009 ◽  
Vol 390 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Kathleen S. Matthews ◽  
Sarah E. Bondos
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Dna Binding Specificity

scholarly journals Mechanism of Mpk1 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Binding to the Swi4 Transcription Factor and Its Regulation by a Novel Caffeine-Induced Phosphorylation

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (24) ◽  
pp. 6449-6461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Truman ◽  
Ki-Young Kim ◽  
David E. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

ABSTRACT The Mpk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of the cell wall integrity signaling pathway uses a noncatalytic mechanism to activate the SBF (Swi4/Swi6) transcription factor. Active Mpk1 forms a complex with Swi4, the DNA-binding subunit of SBF, conferring the ability to bind DNA. Because SBF activation is independent of Mpk1 catalytic activity but requires Mpk1 to be in an active conformation, we sought to understand how Mpk1 interacts with Swi4. Mutational analysis revealed that binding and activation of Swi4 by Mpk1 requires an intact D-motif-binding site, a docking surface common to MAPKs that resides distal to the phosphorylation loop but does not require the substrate-binding site, revealing a novel mechanism for MAPK target regulation. Additionally, we found that Mpk1 binds near the autoinhibitory C terminus of Swi4, suggesting an activation mechanism in which Mpk1 substitutes for Swi6 in promoting Swi4 DNA binding. Finally, we show that caffeine is an atypical activator of cell wall integrity signaling, because it induces phosphorylation of the Mpk1 C-terminal extension at Ser423 and Ser428. These phosphorylations were dependent on the DNA damage checkpoint kinases, Mec1/Tel1 and Rad53. Phosphorylation of Ser423 specifically blocked SBF activation by preventing Mpk1 association with Swi4, revealing a novel mechanism for regulating MAPK target specificity.

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