scholarly journals Isolation of a Murine Homologue of the Drosophila neuralized Gene, a Gene Required for Axonemal Integrity in Spermatozoa and Terminal Maturation of the Mammary Gland

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7481-7494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Vollrath ◽  
Jeffrey Pudney ◽  
Sylvia Asa ◽  
Philip Leder ◽  
Kevin Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Neurogenic Genes ◽  
Malignant Astrocytomas ◽  
Tail Movement ◽  
Murine Homologue ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT The Drosophila neuralized gene shows genetic interactions with Notch, Enhancer of split, and other neurogenic genes and is thought to be involved in cell fate specification in the central nervous system and the mesoderm. In addition, a human homologue of the Drosophila neuralizedgene has been described as a potential tumor suppressor gene in malignant astrocytomas. We have isolated a murine homologue of theDrosophila and human Neuralized genes and, in an effort to understand its physiological function, derived mice with a targeted deletion of this gene. Surprisingly, mice homozygous for the introduced mutation do not show aberrant cell fate specifications in the central nervous system or in the developing mesoderm. This is in contrast to mice with targeted deletions in other vertebrate homologues of neurogenic genes such as Notch, Delta, andCbf-1. Male Neuralized null mice, however, are sterile due to a defect in axoneme organization in the spermatozoa that leads to highly compromised tail movement and sperm immotility. In addition, female Neuralized null animals are defective in the final stages of mammary gland maturation during pregnancy.

Ectopic expression of either the Drosophila gooseberry-distal or proximal gene causes alterations of cell fate in the epidermis and central nervous system

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 1151-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
A. Ungar ◽  
C. Fresquez ◽  
R. Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Cell Fate Specification ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
Segment Polarity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common

Previous studies have shown that the segment polarity locus gooseberry, which contains two closely related transcripts gooseberry-proximal and gooseberry-distal, is required for proper development in both the epidermis and the central nervous system of Drosophila. In this study, the roles of the gooseberry proteins in the process of cell fate specification have been examined by generating two fly lines in which either gooseberry-distal or gooseberry-proximal expression is under the control of an hsp70 promoter. We have found that ectopic expression of either gooseberry protein causes cell fate transformations that are reciprocal to those of a gooseberry deletion mutant. Our results suggest that the gooseberry-distal protein is required for the specification of naked cuticle in the epidermis and specific neuroblasts in the central nervous system. These roles may reflect independent functions in neuroblasts and epidermal cells or a single function in the common ectodermal precursor cells. The gooseberry-proximal protein is also found in the same neuroblasts as gooseberry-distal and in the descendants of these cells.

Neuron–Astroglial Interactions in Cell-Fate Commitment and Maturation in the Central Nervous System

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2402-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joice Stipursky ◽  
Tânia Cristina Leite de Sampaio e Spohr ◽  
Vivian Oliveira Sousa ◽  
Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Upregulation and coexpression of adhesion molecules correlate with relapsing autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system.

1990 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cannella ◽  
A H Cross ◽  
C S Raine
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Murine Homologue ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Demyelination

The expression of adhesion molecules on central nervous system (CNS) vessels was examined during chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the SJL mouse. Two molecules associated with cell adhesion were studied: MECA-325, a murine lymph node high endothelial venule marker; and MALA-2, the murine homologue of intercellular adhesion molecule 1. During initial disease, upregulated coexpression of these two molecules occurred in the CNS. This correlated with inflammatory cell invasion. During remission, expression was downregulated, and each subsequent relapse was accompanied by corresponding upregulation. Thus, up- and downregulation of adhesion molecules in the target organ appeared to form an integral part of the inflammatory process in this autoimmune condition and support a role for receptor-mediated inflammatory cell invasion of relevance to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the central nervous system are targeted by aberrant somatic hypermutation

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1869-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Montesinos-Rongen ◽  
Dirk Van Roost ◽  
Carlo Schaller ◽  
Otmar D. Wiestler ◽  
Martina Deckert
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Somatic Hypermutation ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Exon 9 ◽  
Large B Cell ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract We have addressed whether aberrant ongoing hypermutation can be detected in the proto-oncogenes PIM1, c-MYC, RhoH/TTF, PAX5, and the tumor-suppressor gene CD95 in primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) derived from immunocompetent HIV-negative patients. Nine of 10 PCNSLs analyzed harbored somatic mutations in the PIM1, c-MYC, RhoH/TTF, and PAX5 genes, but not in the CD95 gene, with 8 tumors carrying alterations in at least 2 of these genes. Furthermore, ongoing aberrant mutation was evidenced in a subset of PCNSLs (2 of 3). Although most of the mutations corresponded to base pair substitutions, deletions were also present. The mean mutation frequency was approximately 60-fold lower for these genes compared with the values obtained for immunoglobulin genes in PCNSL. They were increased 2- to 5-fold compared with extracerebral diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In summary, our data demonstrate aberrant somatic hypermutations at high frequency in the PIM1, PAX5, RhoH/TTF, and c-MYC genes in most PCNSLs. These findings may indicate a pathogenic role for aberrant somatic hypermutation in PCNSL development. In contrast, although mutations were detected in exon 9 of the CD95 gene, the lack of mutations in the 5′ region provides no evidence for the CD95 gene as a target for aberrant somatic mutation.

PTEN: A molecular target for neurodegenerative disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza Ismail ◽  
Ke Ning ◽  
Abdulmonem Al-Hayani ◽  
Basil Sharrack ◽  
Mimoun Azzouz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Tumour Suppressor Gene ◽  
Tumour Suppressor ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Tumour Suppressor Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractPTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted in chromosome 10) was first identified as a candidate tumour suppressor gene located on chromosome 10q23. It is considered as one of the most frequently mutated genes in human malignancies. Emerging evidence shows that the biological function of PTEN extends beyond its tumour suppressor activity. In the central nervous system PTEN is a crucial regulator of neuronal development, neuronal survival, axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, PTEN has been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recently increased attention has been focused on PTEN as a potential target for the treatment of brain injury and neurodegeneration. In this review we discuss the essential functions of PTEN in the central nervous system and its involvement in neurodegeneration.

Retinoic acid modifies the pattern of cell differentiation in the central nervous system of neurula stage Xenopus embryos

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ruiz i Altaba ◽  
T.M. Jessell
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Xenopus Embryos ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Neurula Stage

Neural cell markers have been used to examine the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on the development of the central nervous system (CNS) of Xenopus embryos. RA treatment of neurula stage embryos resulted in a concentration-dependent perturbation of anterior CNS development leading to a reduction in the size of the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. In addition the overt segmental organization of the hindbrain was abolished by high concentrations of RA. The regional expression of two cell-specific markers, the homeobox protein Xhox3 and the neurotransmitter serotonin was also examined in embryos exposed to RA. Treatment with RA caused a concentration-dependent change in the pattern of expression of Xhox3 and serotonin and resulted in the ectopic appearance of immunoreactive neurons in anterior regions of the CNS, including the forebrain. Collectively, our results extend previous studies by showing that RA treatment of embryos at the neurula stage inhibits the development of anterior regions of the CNS while promoting the differentiation of more posterior cell types. The relevance of these findings to the possible role of endogenous retinoids in the determination of neural cell fate and axial patterning is discussed.

A critical role for Cyclin E in cell fate determination in the central nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Berger ◽  
S. K. Pallavi ◽  
Mohit Prasad ◽  
L. S. Shashidhara ◽  
Gerhard M. Technau
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cyclin E ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Fate Determination ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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