scholarly journals The Human Gut Resistome up to Extreme Longevity

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Tavella ◽  
Silvia Turroni ◽  
Patrizia Brigidi ◽  
Marco Candela ◽  
Simone Rampelli
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Extreme Longevity ◽  
Definition Of

Antibiotic resistance is widespread among different ecosystems, and in humans it plays a key role in shaping the composition of the gut microbiota, enhancing the ecological fitness of certain bacterial populations when exposed to antibiotics. A considerable component of the definition of healthy aging and longevity is associated with the structure of the gut microbiota, and, in this regard, the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is critical to many pathologies that come about with aging.

scholarly journals Raman‐activated sorting of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in human gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 2613-2624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jiabao Xu ◽  
Lingchao Kong ◽  
Bei Li ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Bacteriocins in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance: Rising to the Challenge

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru ◽  
Laura Ioana Popa ◽  
Luminita Marutescu ◽  
Irina Gheorghe ◽  
Marcela Popa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Target Cell Membrane

Decades of antibiotic misuse in clinical settings, animal feed, and within the food industry have led to a concerning rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Every year, antimicrobial-resistant infections cause 700,000 deaths, with 10 million casualties expected by 2050, if this trend continues. Hence, innovative solutions are imperative to curb antibiotic resistance. Bacteria produce a potent arsenal of drugs with remarkable diversity that are all distinct from those of current antibiotics. Bacteriocins are potent small antimicrobial peptides synthetized by certain bacteria that may be appointed as alternatives to traditional antibiotics. These molecules are strategically employed by commensals, mostly Firmicutes, to colonize and persist in the human gut. Bacteriocins form channels in the target cell membrane, leading to leakage of low-molecular-weight, causing the disruption of the proton motive force. The objective of this review was to list and discuss the potential of bacteriocins as antimicrobial therapeutics for infections produced mainly by resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Microbiota restoration reduces antibiotic-resistant bacteria gut colonization in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection from the open-label PUNCH CD study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Langdon ◽  
◽  
Drew J. Schwartz ◽  
Christopher Bulow ◽  
Xiaoqing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

Abstract Background Once antibiotic-resistant bacteria become established within the gut microbiota, they can cause infections in the host and be transmitted to other people and the environment. Currently, there are no effective modalities for decreasing or preventing colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Intestinal microbiota restoration can prevent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrences. Another potential application of microbiota restoration is suppression of non-C. difficile multidrug-resistant bacteria and overall decrease in the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (the resistome) within the gut microbiota. This study characterizes the effects of RBX2660, a microbiota-based investigational therapeutic, on the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota and resistome, as well as multidrug-resistant organism carriage, after delivery to patients suffering from recurrent CDI. Methods An open-label, multi-center clinical trial in 11 centers in the USA for the safety and efficacy of RBX2660 on recurrent CDI was conducted. Fecal specimens from 29 of these subjects with recurrent CDI who received either one (N = 16) or two doses of RBX2660 (N = 13) were analyzed secondarily. Stool samples were collected prior to and at intervals up to 6 months post-therapy and analyzed in three ways: (1) 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbiota taxonomic composition, (2) whole metagenome shotgun sequencing for functional pathways and antibiotic resistome content, and (3) selective and differential bacterial culturing followed by isolate genome sequencing to longitudinally track multidrug-resistant organisms. Results Successful prevention of CDI recurrence with RBX2660 correlated with taxonomic convergence of patient microbiota to the donor microbiota as measured by weighted UniFrac distance. RBX2660 dramatically reduced the abundance of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the 2 months after administration. Fecal antibiotic resistance gene carriage decreased in direct relationship to the degree to which donor microbiota engrafted. Conclusions Microbiota-based therapeutics reduce resistance gene abundance and resistant organisms in the recipient gut microbiome. This approach could potentially reduce the risk of infections caused by resistant organisms within the patient and the transfer of resistance genes or pathogens to others. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01925417; registered on August 19, 2013.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistant bacteria and commensal fungi are common and conserved in the mosquito microbiome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Hyde ◽  
Courtney Gorham ◽  
Doug E. Brackney ◽  
Blaire Steven
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractThe emerging and increasing prevalence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a significant public health challenge. To begin to tackle this problem, it will be critical to not only understand the origins of this resistance but also document environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance. In this study we investigated the possibility that both colony and field caught mosquitoes could harbor antibiotic resistant bacteria. Specifically, we characterized the antibiotic resistant bacterial populations from colony-reared Aedes aegypti larvae and adults and two field caught mosquito species Coquillettidia perturbans and Ochlerotatus canadensis. The cultured bacterial populations were dominated by isolates belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria. Among the antibiotic resistant populations, we found bacteria resistant to carbenicillin, kanamycin, and tetracycline, including bacteria resistant to a cocktail of all three antibiotics in combination. The antibiotic resistant bacteria were numerically rare, at most 5% of total cell counts. Isolates were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and clustering into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs; 99% sequence identity). 27 antibiotic resistant OTUs were identified, although members of an OTU did not always share the same resistance profile. This suggests the clustering was either not sensitive enough to distinguish different bacteria taxa or different antibiotic resistant sub-populations exist within an OTU. Finally, the antibiotic selection opened up a niche to culture mosquito-associated fungi, and 10 fungal OTUs (28S rRNA gene sequencing) were identified. Two fungal OTUs both classified to the class Microbotryomycetes were commonly identified in the field-caught mosquitoes. Thus, in this study we demonstrate that antibiotic resistant bacteria and certain fungi are common and conserved mosquito microbiome members. These observations highlight the potential of invertebrates to serve as vehicles for the spread of antibiotic resistance throughout the environment.

scholarly journals Whole-genome analysis of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in human gut microbiota reveals its origin and flexibility in transmitting mcr-1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichen Ding ◽  
Woei-Yuh Saw ◽  
Linda Wei Lin Tan ◽  
Don Kyin Nwe Moong ◽  
Niranjan Nagarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

AbstractMultidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli strains that carry extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or colistin resistance gene mcr-1 have been identified in the human gut at an increasing incidence worldwide. In this study, we sampled and characterized MDR Enterobacteriaceae from the gut microbiota of healthy Singaporeans and show that the prevalence of ESBL-producing and mcr-positive Enterobacteriaceae is 26.6% and 7.3%, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing of 37 E. coli isolates identified 25 sequence types and assigned them into six different phylogroups, suggesting that the human intestinal MDR E. coli strains are highly diverse. In addition, we found that E. coli isolates belonging to phylogroup D, B2 and F carry a higher number of virulence genes, whereas isolates of phylogroup A, B1 and E carry fewer virulence factor genes but are frequent carriers of florfenicol resistance gene floR and colistin resistance gene mcr-1. Comparison of the seven mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates revealed that mcr-1 is carried by conjugative plasmids or embedded in composite transposons, which could potentially mobilize mcr-1 to other pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae strains or MDR plasmids. Finally, we found that 12 out of the 37 MDR E. coli isolates in this study show high similarity to ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from raw meats from local markets, suggesting a potential transmission of MDR E. coli from meat products to the human gut microbiota. Our findings show diverse antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of intestinal E. coli and call for better countermeasures to block the transmission of MDR E. coli via the food chain.ImportanceThe human gut can harbor both antibiotic resistant and virulent E. coli which may subsequently cause infections. In this study, the antibiotic resistance and virulence traits of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates from human gut microbiota of healthy subjects were investigated. The isolated E. coli strains carry a diverse range of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and virulence factor genes, are highly diverse to each other, and are likely to originate from raw meat products from the local markets. Of particular concern are seven E. coli isolates which carry colistin resistance gene mcr-1. This gene can be mobilized into other pathogens and MDR plasmids, thereby spreading resistance to the last-resort antibiotic colistin. Our findings also suggest that raw meat could serve as important source to transmit MDR bacteria into the human gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic-Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Sorgen ◽  
James Johnson ◽  
Kevin Lambirth ◽  
Sandra Clinton ◽  
Molly Redmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing global concern, threatening human and environ-mental health, particularly among urban populations. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be “hotspots” for antibiotic resistance dissemination. The conditions of WWTPs, in conjunction with the persistence of commonly used antibiotics, may favor the selection and trans-fer of resistance genes among bacterial populations. WWTPs provide an important ecological niche to examine the spread of antibiotic resistance. We used heterotrophic plate count methods to identify phenotypically resistant cultivable portions of these bacterial communities and charac-terized the composition of the culturable subset of these populations. Resistant taxa were more abundant in raw sewage and wastewater before the biological aeration treatment stage. While some antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) were detectable downstream of treated wastewater re-lease, these organisms are not enriched relative to effluent-free upstream water, indicating effi-cient removal during treatment. Combined culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses revealed a stark difference in community composition between culturable fractions and the envi-ronmental source material, irrespective of culturing conditions. Higher proportions of the envi-ronmental populations were recovered than predicted by the widely accepted 1% culturability paradigm. These results represent baseline abundance and compositional data for ARB commu-nities for reference in future studies addressing the dissemination of antibiotic resistance associ-ated with urban wastewater treatment ecosystems.

scholarly journals Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic-Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Alicia Sorgen ◽  
James Johnson ◽  
Kevin Lambirth ◽  
Sandra M. Clinton ◽  
Molly Redmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing global concern, threatening human and environmental health, particularly among urban populations. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be “hotspots” for antibiotic resistance dissemination. The conditions of WWTPs, in conjunction with the persistence of commonly used antibiotics, may favor the selection and transfer of resistance genes among bacterial populations. WWTPs provide an important ecological niche to examine the spread of antibiotic resistance. We used heterotrophic plate count methods to identify phenotypically resistant cultivable portions of these bacterial communities and characterized the composition of the culturable subset of these populations. Resistant taxa were more abundant in raw sewage and wastewater before the biological aeration treatment stage. While some antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) were detectable downstream of treated wastewater release, these organisms are not enriched relative to effluent-free upstream water, indicating efficient removal during treatment. Combined culture-dependent and -independent analyses revealed a stark difference in community composition between culturable fractions and the environmental source material, irrespective of culturing conditions. Higher proportions of the environmental populations were recovered than predicted by the widely accepted 1% culturability paradigm. These results represent baseline abundance and compositional data for ARB communities for reference in future studies addressing the dissemination of antibiotic resistance associated with urban wastewater treatment ecosystems.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance in surface waters from a coastal lagoon of Southern Brazil under the impact of anthropogenic activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Belize Leite ◽  
Magda Antunes de Chaves ◽  
Athos Aramis Thopor Nunes ◽  
Louise Jank ◽  
Gertrudes Corção
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Class I ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Wastes arising from human activities can reach water bodies and contribute significantly to the presence of antibiotic resistant bacterial populations in aquatic environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cultivable antibiotic resistant bacterial populations from a coastal lagoon impacted by agriculture and urbanization activities. Water samples were collected in low and peak season and characterized regarding physicochemical variables, microbiological indicators and the presence of antimicrobial residues. In order to analyze the presence of resistant bacterial populations, the samples were grown in the presence of nalidixic acid, ceftazidime, imipenem and tetracycline. Genes associated with β-lactamic resistance (blaCTX-M-like, blaGES-like, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23-like, blaSHV-like, blaTEM-like and blaSPM-1), class I integron and efflux systems (tetA, tetB, acrA, acrB, tolC, adeA, adeB, adeR, adeS, mexB, mexD, mexF and mexY) were analyzed by conventional in vitro amplification. Although antimicrobials residues were below the detection limit, resistant bacteria and resistance determinants - blaGES, class I integron, adeS, acrA, acrB, tolC, mexB, mexF - were present at almost all points, in both seasons and for all antimicrobials assessed. The high numbers of resistant bacteria counts observed after the antibiotic treatment were positively correlated to the urbanization effects on the Lagoon. Some resistant populations were even higher in the low season samples, indicating the importance of a systematic evaluation of antibiotic resistance on water resources.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To CombatSalmonella

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue O. O. Hu ◽  
Luisa W. Hugerth ◽  
Carina Bengtsson ◽  
Arlisa Alisjahbana ◽  
Maike Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Phage Treatment

ABSTRACTSalmonellainfection is one of the main causes of food-borne diarrheal diseases worldwide. Although mostSalmonellainfections can be cleared without treatment, some cause serious illnesses that require antibiotic treatment. In view of the growing emergence of antibiotic-resistantSalmonellastrains, novel treatments are increasingly required. Furthermore, there is a striking paucity of data on how a balanced human gut microbiota responds toSalmonellainfection. This study aimed to evaluate whether a balanced gut microbiota protects againstSalmonellagrowth and to compare two antimicrobial approaches for managingSalmonellainfection: bacteriophage (phage) treatment and antibiotic treatment. Anaerobically cultivated human intestinal microflora (ACHIM) is a feasible model for the human gut microbiota and naturally inhibitsSalmonellainfection. By mimickingSalmonellainfectionin vitrousing ACHIM, we observed a large reduction ofSalmonellagrowth by the ACHIM itself. Treatments with phage and antibiotic further inhibitedSalmonellagrowth. However, phage treatment had less impact on the nontargeted bacteria in ACHIM than the antibiotic treatment did. Phage treatment has high specificity when combatingSalmonellainfection and offers a noninvasive alternative to antibiotic treatment.IMPORTANCEAntibiotic-resistant bacteria are a global threat. Therefore, alternative approaches for combatting bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, are urgently needed. Using a human gut microbiota model, we demonstrate that bacteriophages (phages) are able to substantially decrease pathogenicSalmonellawithout perturbing the microbiota. Conversely, antibiotic treatment leads to the eradication of close to all commensal bacteria, leaving only antibiotic-resistant bacteria. An unbalanced microbiota has been linked to many diseases both in the gastrointestinal tract or “nonintestinal” diseases. In our study, we show that the microbiota provides a protective effect againstSalmonella. Since phage treatment preserves the healthy gut microbiota, it is a feasible superior alternative to antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, when combating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, gut microbiota should be considered.

Pyrosequencing estimates of the diversity of antibiotic resistant bacteria in a wastewater system

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1534-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Sigala ◽  
Adrian Unc
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Treated Effluent

Standard protocols for monitoring wastewater treatment efficacy target Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms. This might not accurately describe risks associated with antibiotic resistance in the bacterial population of treated wastewaters. We modified a standard agar recovery method by amending it with various antibiotics. The resulting bacterial colonies were submitted to 454 pyrosequencing; thus we identified the diversity of culturable antibiotic resistant bacteria from treated and raw wastewaters. This approach produced 209,706 high quality reads of >300 bp. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within Proteobacteria dominated the system. The Shannon–Wiener H′ index showed bacterial populations recovered on ciprofloxacin amended agars to be the least diverse. Principal component analysis of OTU distribution at phylum level showed that Proteobacteria accounted for most of the variability. The same analysis revealed most of the samples to have similar diversities at phylum level being dominated by Proteobacteria, though a few samples, typically recovered from ciprofloxacin or doxycycline amended agars were often dissimilar. Arcobacter spp. or E. coli were dominant in the bacterial communities recovered on agars amended with ciprofloxacin or doxycycline, respectively. Genera containing putative pathogens were mostly representatives of Gamma and Epsilon proteobacteria. Bacterial populations containing multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) in the final treated effluent was a possibility.

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