scholarly journals Fecal Viral Community Responses to High-Fat Diet in Mice

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjelique Schulfer ◽  
Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez ◽  
Melissa Ly ◽  
Joshua M. Borin ◽  
Jessica Chopyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Viral Community ◽  
Viral Communities

ABSTRACT Alterations in diet can have significant impact on the host, with high-fat diet (HFD) leading to obesity, diabetes, and inflammation of the gut. Although membership and abundances in gut bacterial communities are strongly influenced by diet, substantially less is known about how viral communities respond to dietary changes. Examining fecal contents of mice as the mice were transitioned from normal chow to HFD, we found significant changes in the relative abundances and the diversity in the gut of bacteria and their viruses. Alpha diversity of the bacterial community was significantly diminished in response to the diet change but did not change significantly in the viral community. However, the diet shift significantly impacted the beta diversity in both the bacterial and viral communities. There was a significant shift away from the relatively abundant Siphoviridae accompanied by increases in bacteriophages from the Microviridae family. The proportion of identified bacteriophage structural genes significantly decreased after the transition to HFD, with a conserved loss of integrase genes in all four experimental groups. In total, this study provides evidence for substantial changes in the intestinal virome disproportionate to bacterial changes, and with alterations in putative viral lifestyles related to chromosomal integration as a result of shift to HFD. IMPORTANCE Prior studies have shown that high-fat diet (HFD) can have profound effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome and also demonstrate that bacteria in the GI tract can affect metabolism and lean/obese phenotypes. We investigated whether the composition of viral communities that also inhabit the GI tract are affected by shifts from normal to HFD. We found significant and reproducible shifts in the content of GI tract viromes after the transition to HFD. The differences observed in virome community membership and their associated gene content suggest that these altered viral communities are populated by viruses that are more virulent toward their host bacteria. Because HFD also are associated with significant shifts in GI tract bacterial communities, we believe that the shifts in the viral community may serve to drive the changes that occur in associated bacterial communities.

Ethanol Extract of Crataegus Oxyacantha L. Ameliorate Dietary Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rat

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 553-559
Author(s):  
Golbahar Saeedi ◽  
Fereshteh Jeivad ◽  
Mohammadhadi Goharbari ◽  
Gholamreza Gheshlaghi ◽  
Omid Sabzevari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is one the most prevalent disease worldwide which characterized by fat accumulation in liver with no established efficient therapy. We designed this study to investigate protective and therapeutic effect of Crataegus oxyacantha L. (C. oxyacantha) on NAFLD induced by high fat diet in rat models. Methods NAFLD was induced by High Fat Diet+fructose (HFD), 45 Wistar rats were divided to 8 groups including control, HFD, HFD+diet change, HFD+diet change+C. oxyacantha 20 mg/kg, co treatment of HFD+C. oxyacantha 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, and normal diet+C. oxyacantha 40 mg. C. oxyacantha was administered orally. Effectiveness of the C. oxyacantha was assessed through measuring the biochemical factors, and oxidative stress marker (FRAP, GSH, and MDA). Histopathological study was performed using H & E staining. Results The diet change from high fat to low fat ameliorated liver damage. However, consumption of C. oxyacantha (10 & 20 mg/kg) caused significant reduction in the level of all examined liver biomarkers specially LDH, that showed C. oxyacantha can restore the hepatocyte damage due to HFD. The C. oxyacantha showed a protective effect which was more prominent in the animals treated with the 20 mg/kg C. oxyacantha. The administration of C. oxyacantha caused increased antioxidant status (GSH and FRAP levels) and decreased lipid peroxidation in treated animals. Major Conclusion Accordingly, C. oxyacantha have both therapeutic and protective effect for NAFLD and may be a potential candidate for further assessments in clinical studies.

scholarly journals 408 Effect of monensin intake during a stocker phase and subsequent finishing phase on rumen bacterial diversity of beef steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 163-164
Author(s):  
Caleb P Weiss ◽  
Paul A Beck ◽  
John T Richeson ◽  
Dexter J Tomczak ◽  
Jianmin Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Gluten Feed

Abstract Three monensin levels during a stocker phase (0, 800, 1600 g/ton fed in a free choice mineral) and two levels during finishing [0 (U) or 37.5 mg/kg diet DM (M)] were used to determine the effects of monensin supplementation during a stocker and subsequent finishing phase on rumen bacterial communities of beef steers. Thirty calves were fed pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) hay with soybean hull and corn gluten feed supplement (0.5% BW daily, AF basis) or grazed fall wheat pasture (Triticum aestivum) during a stocker phase and then transported 1,067 km to Canyon, TX, for finishing. Rumen fluid was collected on d 0, 28, and the end of the stocker phase (d 85). Samples were also obtained at feedlot d 0, 14, 28, 56, and immediately prior to a diet change to include a beta-adrenergic agonist and before shipping for harvest. Rumen microbiota were characterized by next generation sequencing the 16S v4 hypervariable region with the Illumina MiSeq platform. During the stocker phase, Prevotella and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant genus regardless of diet or treatment. Monensin decreased (P ≤ 0.01) alpha diversity (Shannon Index) for cattle consuming hay on d 28 of the stocker phase. In the feedlot, Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant genus. Steers that were previously on the 0 and 1600 treatments during the stocker phase and were fed monensin at the feedlot had decreased alpha diversity (P = 0.04) on feedlot d 14 compared to those that did not. Monensin at the feedlot tended to increase alpha diversity on d 28 for cattle previously on the 1600 treatment (P = 0.06), and on d 56 for cattle previously on the 0 treatment (P = 0.06). This experiment provides a better understanding of the effect of monensin on rumen bacterial communities throughout production.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Associated With Different Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Life Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince P. Mathai ◽  
Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli ◽  
Nicholas S. Johnson ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Adult Lamprey

Sea lamprey (SL; Petromyzon marinus), one of the oldest living vertebrates, have a complex metamorphic life cycle. Following hatching, SL transition into a microphagous, sediment burrowing larval stage, and after 2–10+ years, the larvae undergo a dramatic metamorphosis, transforming into parasitic juveniles that feed on blood and bodily fluids of fishes; adult lamprey cease feeding, spawn, and die. Since gut microbiota are critical for the overall health of all animals, we examined the microbiota associated with SLs in each life history stage. We show that there were significant differences in the gut bacterial communities associated with the larval, parasitic juvenile, and adult life stages. The transition from larval to the parasitic juvenile stage was marked with a significant shift in bacterial community structure and reduction in alpha diversity. The most abundant SL-associated phyla were Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, with their relative abundances varying among the stages. Moreover, while larval SL were enriched with unclassified Fusobacteriaceae, unclassified Verrucomicrobiales and Cetobacterium, members of the genera with fastidious nutritional requirements, such as Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Cutibacterium, Veillonella, and Massilia, were three to four orders of magnitude greater in juveniles than in larvae. In contrast, adult SLs were enriched with Aeromonas, Iodobacter, Shewanella, and Flavobacterium. Collectively, our findings show that bacterial communities in the SL gut are dramatically different among its life stages. Understanding how these communities change over time within and among SL life stages may shed more light on the role that these gut microbes play in host growth and fitness.

scholarly journals Welding fume inhalation exposure and high-fat diet change lipid homeostasis in rat liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1350-1355
Author(s):  
Greg R. Boyce ◽  
Mohammad Shoeb ◽  
Vamsi Kodali ◽  
Terence G. Meighan ◽  
Katherine A. Roach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Welding Fume ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Effects of exercise and diet change on cognition function and synaptic plasticity in high fat diet induced obese rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhee Woo ◽  
Ki Shin ◽  
So Park ◽  
Ki Jang ◽  
Sunghwun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Rats

scholarly journals Supplementation of Geranylgeraniol and Tocotrienols to High-Fat Diet Shifts the Gut Microbiome Composition and Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 393-393
Author(s):  
Moamen Elmassry ◽  
Eunhee Chung ◽  
Abdul Hamood ◽  
Chwan-Li Shen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
And Function

Abstract Objectives In recent years, characterization of gut microbiota composition and function were linked to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent evidence showed that Geranylgeraniol, an isoprenoid found in fruits, vegetables, and grains, improves glucose homeostasis. Similarly, Tocotrienols, a subfamily of vitamin E, also contains anti-diabetic properties. In this study, we examined the combined effect of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols on the composition and function of gut microbiome in obese male mice. Methods Forty male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 4 groups in a factorial design as follows: high-fat diet (HFD) (control group), HFD + geranylgeraniol [400 mg/kg diet] (GG group), HFD + tocotrienols [400 mg/kg diet] (TT group), and HFD + geranylgeraniol + tocotrienols (G + T group) for 14 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was done from cecal samples and microbiome and data analysis was performed with QIIME2 and PICRUSt2. Results Across all groups, the most abundant phyla were Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. There was no difference in alpha diversity among different groups. Different treatments influenced the relative abundance of certain bacteria. In the Bacteroidetes phylum, the relative abundance of family S24–7 increased in the TT group only. In the Firmicutes phylum, the relative abundance of family Lachnospiraceae was reduced upon the supplementation of geranylgeraniol or tocotrienols; individually or in combination. In Verrucomicrobia phylum, Akkermansia muciniphila relative abundance was reduced in the TT group but increased in the G + T group. The results of functional profiling of the gut microbiome revealed that geranylgeraniol supplementation caused an increase in the proportion of biosynthetic pathways related to purine, pyrimidine, and inosine-5’-phosphate and hexitol fermentation, and a decrease in the proportion of pathways involved in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, valine, histidine, arginine, and chorismate. The G + T group increased pathways related to thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis, and decreased others involved into sulfur oxidation and methylerythritol phosphate. Conclusions The influence of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols supplementation on gut microbiome composition and function, suggests a prebiotic potential for the potential of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols. Funding Sources American River Nutrition, LLC, Hadley, MA.

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Perspective for Evaluation of Prebiotic Potential of Bamboo Hemicellulose Hydrolysate in Mice: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Nao Ikeyama ◽  
Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽  
Moriya Ohkuma ◽  
Shigeru Hiramoto ◽  
Jianpeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Hemicellulose Hydrolysate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
The Family

Bamboo hemicellulose hydrolysate (BHH) may possess antihypercholesterolemic activity; however, this activity requires further comprehensive study to assess the prebiotic mechanisms of BHH in vivo. Here, we used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to preliminarily investigate the correlations between BHH and the fecal microbiomes of three groups of mice fed either a normal diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with 5% BHH for 5 weeks. Alpha diversity (within community) was nonsignificant for all groups; however, beta diversity analysis among communities showed that 5% BHH suppressed the significant changes induced by the high-fat diet. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, the family S24-7 within the order Bacteroidales, the family Lachnospiraceae and several cellulolytic taxa were slightly ameliorated in the BHH group. These results indicated that BHH supplementation influenced the gut bacterial community and suppressed the high-fat diet-induced alterations. Additionally, BHH significantly lowered the serum cholesterol levels and fecal pH. Improving short-chain fatty acid production for all of the bacterial communities in the mouse guts may induce this effect. Thus, the prebiotic potential of BHH should be evaluated considering the gut microbial communities and their interactions.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of gut bacterial communities in housefly larvae fed different diets using a high-throughput sequencing approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijing Xue ◽  
Junli Zhang ◽  
Ruiling Zhang ◽  
Zhendong Huang ◽  
Qing Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
High Fat

ABSTRACT Housefly larvae are a synanthropic host for various bacteria, including pathogens and commensals and an important protein source for monogastric animal feed. Many factors, such as diets, life stages, host habitats can influence microbial community structure. In this study, the diversity of bacterial communities in the gut of housefly larvae fed on different artificial diets was comprehensively characterized using high-throughput sequencing with the aim shedding light on an optimal larval diet. The results showed that the dominant bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla were related to polysaccharide degradation. The comparative analysis indicated that the dominant intestinal bacteria of larvae fed on high-protein were similar to those on high-fat diet. The same was the case in larvae fed high-starch diet and wheat bran alone. In addition, the diversity of intestinal bacteria at genus level in larvae fed high-protein and high-fat diet was higher than in larvae fed the other two diets. Further analysis indicated that the increase of potential commensals and decrease of pathogens in larvae fed on high-fat diet contributed to the increase of housefly larvae immunity. It established a foundation for further research on improvement of nutrition of housefly larvae used for poultry and fish feed.

scholarly journals Timed Feeding Protocols While Consuming a High Fat Diet Do Not Alter Gut Fungal Populations (OR23-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie van der Merwe ◽  
Sunita Sharma ◽  
Jade Caldwell ◽  
Nicholas Smith ◽  
Richard Bloomer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Timing Strategies

Abstract Objectives The gut microbiome participates in host metabolic regulation. While the vast majority of microbiome research has focused on bacterial populations, other microorganisms also colonize the mammalian intestine and likely play functionally important roles in host metabolism. The objective of current study was to characterize the role of dietary composition and timing strategies upon gut fungal populations. Methods C57BL/6 male mice were randomized to a Chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks, followed by a switch from HFD to 1) Chow (sChow), 2) Purified High Fiber – Daniel Fast (DF), 3) HFD ad lib, 4) HFD time restricted (TRF), 5) HFD alternative day fasting (ADF), or 6) HFD 60% caloric restriction (CR) for an additional 8 weeks. Ileal, cecal and serial fecal samples were collected for next generation sequencing of ITS2 rRNA to examine the gut mycobiome. Results We observed dramatic reductions in alpha diversity in fecal fungal populations when animals consumed the HFD compared with Chow. HFD resulted in dramatic reduction in the relative abundance of the fungal order Saccharomyces, with a concomitant increases in the genus Candida and Hanseniaspora. In response to dietary switch from HFD to Chow, fungal taxonomic composition, alpha, and beta diversity transitioned to a population clustering more similarity with Chow by weeks 4 and 8 of intervention. After 8 weeks on the respective dietary interventions, alpha diversity of the ileal, cecal and fecal fungal population in mice consuming DF or various HFD fasting protocols remained similar to the HFD controls. Saccharomycetales remained the dominant genus present in HFD and DF groups. However, amongst these groups, the DF group (fecal sample) showed the greatest increase in Saccharomyces, but time-restricted feeding protocols also showed increased levels of Saccharomyces. Conclusions While fasting protocols on HFD are associated with improved metabolic outcomes, these data demonstrate that – similar to microbial populations within the microbiome – diet remains the largest driver of microorganism community composition. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation into the role of dietary timing strategies upon the gut fungal communities ever reported. Funding Sources University of Memphis. Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis.

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