scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Associated With Different Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Life Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince P. Mathai ◽  
Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli ◽  
Nicholas S. Johnson ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Adult Lamprey

Sea lamprey (SL; Petromyzon marinus), one of the oldest living vertebrates, have a complex metamorphic life cycle. Following hatching, SL transition into a microphagous, sediment burrowing larval stage, and after 2–10+ years, the larvae undergo a dramatic metamorphosis, transforming into parasitic juveniles that feed on blood and bodily fluids of fishes; adult lamprey cease feeding, spawn, and die. Since gut microbiota are critical for the overall health of all animals, we examined the microbiota associated with SLs in each life history stage. We show that there were significant differences in the gut bacterial communities associated with the larval, parasitic juvenile, and adult life stages. The transition from larval to the parasitic juvenile stage was marked with a significant shift in bacterial community structure and reduction in alpha diversity. The most abundant SL-associated phyla were Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, with their relative abundances varying among the stages. Moreover, while larval SL were enriched with unclassified Fusobacteriaceae, unclassified Verrucomicrobiales and Cetobacterium, members of the genera with fastidious nutritional requirements, such as Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Cutibacterium, Veillonella, and Massilia, were three to four orders of magnitude greater in juveniles than in larvae. In contrast, adult SLs were enriched with Aeromonas, Iodobacter, Shewanella, and Flavobacterium. Collectively, our findings show that bacterial communities in the SL gut are dramatically different among its life stages. Understanding how these communities change over time within and among SL life stages may shed more light on the role that these gut microbes play in host growth and fitness.

scholarly journals Corrigendum: Gut Microbiota Associated With Different Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Life Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince P. Mathai ◽  
Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli ◽  
Nicholas S. Johnson ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life Stages

scholarly journals Fecal Viral Community Responses to High-Fat Diet in Mice

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjelique Schulfer ◽  
Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez ◽  
Melissa Ly ◽  
Joshua M. Borin ◽  
Jessica Chopyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Viral Community ◽  
Viral Communities

ABSTRACT Alterations in diet can have significant impact on the host, with high-fat diet (HFD) leading to obesity, diabetes, and inflammation of the gut. Although membership and abundances in gut bacterial communities are strongly influenced by diet, substantially less is known about how viral communities respond to dietary changes. Examining fecal contents of mice as the mice were transitioned from normal chow to HFD, we found significant changes in the relative abundances and the diversity in the gut of bacteria and their viruses. Alpha diversity of the bacterial community was significantly diminished in response to the diet change but did not change significantly in the viral community. However, the diet shift significantly impacted the beta diversity in both the bacterial and viral communities. There was a significant shift away from the relatively abundant Siphoviridae accompanied by increases in bacteriophages from the Microviridae family. The proportion of identified bacteriophage structural genes significantly decreased after the transition to HFD, with a conserved loss of integrase genes in all four experimental groups. In total, this study provides evidence for substantial changes in the intestinal virome disproportionate to bacterial changes, and with alterations in putative viral lifestyles related to chromosomal integration as a result of shift to HFD. IMPORTANCE Prior studies have shown that high-fat diet (HFD) can have profound effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome and also demonstrate that bacteria in the GI tract can affect metabolism and lean/obese phenotypes. We investigated whether the composition of viral communities that also inhabit the GI tract are affected by shifts from normal to HFD. We found significant and reproducible shifts in the content of GI tract viromes after the transition to HFD. The differences observed in virome community membership and their associated gene content suggest that these altered viral communities are populated by viruses that are more virulent toward their host bacteria. Because HFD also are associated with significant shifts in GI tract bacterial communities, we believe that the shifts in the viral community may serve to drive the changes that occur in associated bacterial communities.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition is associated with narcolepsy type 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e896
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lecomte ◽  
Lucie Barateau ◽  
Pedro Pereira ◽  
Lars Paulin ◽  
Petri Auvinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is related to the gut microbiota, we compared the microbiota bacterial communities of patients with NT1 and control subjects.MethodsThirty-five patients with NT1 (51.43% women, mean age 38.29 ± 19.98 years) and 41 controls (57.14% women, mean age 36.14 ± 12.68 years) were included. Stool samples were collected, and the fecal microbiota bacterial communities were compared between patients and controls using the well-standardized 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach. We studied alpha and beta diversity and differential abundance analysis between patients and controls, and between subgroups of patients with NT1.ResultsWe found no between-group differences for alpha diversity, but we discovered in NT1 a link with NT1 disease duration. We highlighted differences in the global bacterial community structure as assessed by beta diversity metrics even after adjustments for potential confounders as body mass index (BMI), often increased in NT1. Our results revealed differential abundance of several operational taxonomic units within Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, and Flavonifractor between patients and controls, but not after adjusting for BMI.ConclusionWe provide evidence of gut microbial community structure alterations in NT1. However, further larger and longitudinal multiomics studies are required to replicate and elucidate the relationship between the gut microbiota, immunity dysregulation and NT1.

Observations on the opisthonephric kidney of the sea lamprey of the Great Lakes, Petromyzon marinus L., at various stages during the life cycle

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1313-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Adult Kidney

The kidneys at all stages consist of renal corpuscles, tubules, and an archinephric duct. The kidney of the ammocoete does not contribute to the formation of the adult kidney for at transformation a new kidney is formed. Degeneration of kidney tissue occurs at four stages: in the anterior regions throughout larval life; in the entire ammocoete kidney at transformation; in the anterior regions throughout adult life; in the entire kidney during the spawning migration. Large quantities of amorphous material appear in the interstitium during anterior degeneration of the adult. The other stages involve necrosis followed by the invasion of phagocytes.

An Investigation of the Electrical "Spike" Potentials Produced by the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Water Surrounding the Head Region

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kleerekoper ◽  
Kira Sibakin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gill Opening ◽  
Adult Lamprey

In the water surrounding the head of Petromyzon marinus electric triphasic spike potentials can be recorded which recur rhythmically at 0.4-second intervals and are synchronous with the externally visible movement of respiration. At a distance of 15 to 20 mm. from the animal, above the eye region, the potentials are from 200–300 μv in an adult lamprey, in fresh water. The electric field produced by these potentials extends several centimeters frontwards of the head depending on experimental conditions and factors now being studied. Posterior to the gill openings the potentials taper off sharply and no spikes could be recorded 50–70 mm. posterior to the last gill opening. The field is symmetrical around the longitudinal axis of the animal under the experimental conditions described. Strychnine and cocaine do not affect the characteristics of the spikes but curare decreases their potential considerably, depending on amounts injected and the condition of the experimental animal. Light conditions do not affect the production of the spikes. The possible function of the electric field for the sea lamprey is discussed.

Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickard Bjerselius ◽  
Weiming Li ◽  
John H Teeter ◽  
James G Seelye ◽  
Peter B Johnsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Larval Pheromone ◽  
Adult Lamprey

Four behavioral experiments conducted in both the laboratory and the field provide evidence that adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) select spawning rivers based on the odor of larvae that they contain and that bile acids released by the larvae are part of this pheromonal odor. First, when tested in a recirculating maze, migratory adult lamprey spent more time in water scented with larvae. However, when fully mature, adults lost their responsiveness to larvae and preferred instead the odor of mature individuals. Second, when tested in a flowing stream, migratory adults swam upstream more actively when the water was scented with larvae. Third, when migratory adults were tested in a laboratory maze containing still water, they exhibited enhanced swimming activity in the presence of a 0.1 nM concentration of the two unique bile acids released by larvae and detected by adult lamprey. Fourth, when adults were exposed to this bile acid mixture within flowing waters, they actively swam into it. Taken together, these data suggest that adult lamprey use a bile acid based larval pheromone to help them locate spawning rivers and that responsiveness to this cue is influenced by current flow, maturity, and time of day. Although the precise identity and function of the larval pheromone remain to be fully elucidated, we believe that this cue will ultimately prove useful as an attractant in sea lamprey control.

scholarly journals Microbiome Analysis of Gut Bacterial Communities of Healthy and Diseased Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Mei Lin Lau ◽  
Cindy Jia Yung Kho ◽  
LEONARD WHYE KIT LIM ◽  
Siew Chuiang Sia ◽  
Hung Hui Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Petechial Haemorrhage ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Aims: The gut microbiota is referred to an extra organ and is ciritical in assisting the host in terms of nutrition and immunity. Environmental stressors could alter gut microbial community and cause gut inflammation. This study aimed to investigate and compare the gut microbiota community between healthy and diseased Tor tambroides. Methodology and results: In this study, such gut microbial alterations were explored using NGS-based 16S rDNA sequencing on the Malaysian mahseer (T. tambroides). Three adult healthy and three diseased adult Malaysian mahseers (showing signs of exophthalmia, coelomic distension and petechial haemorrhage) were obtained from LTT Aquaculture Sdn Bhd. Our results revealed significant differences in microbial diversity, composition and function between both populations of T. tambroides. Alpha diversity analysis depicts lower diversity of gut microbiota composition in diseased T. tambroides as compared to the healthy group. In particular, Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas, Bacteroides, Vibrio and Pseudomonas were found within gut microbiota of the diseased fishes. In addition, cellulose-degrading bacteria and protease-producing bacteria were identified from the gut of T. tambroides. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Thus, our findings emphasised on the association between the alteration in gut microbiota composition and infectious abdominal dropsy (IAD) in T. tambroides. This finding is important to provide basic information for further diagnosis, prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases in fish.

Ontogenetic dynamics of mercury accumulation in Northwest Atlantic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E Drevnick ◽  
Martin J Horgan ◽  
James T Oris ◽  
Boyd E Kynard
Keyword(s):  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Mercury Accumulation ◽  
Maternal Transfer ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
High Mercury ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Isotope Analyses

We examined the ontogenetic dynamics of mercury accumulation in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from the Connecticut River, USA. Mercury concentrations in eggs (mean 84 ng·g–1 wet weight) were lowest of all life stages and correlated to concentrations in females. There was a higher rate of maternal transfer of mercury to eggs compared with teleosts. Ammocoetes had high mercury concentrations for their trophic level (e.g., mean of age-4 ammocoetes 492 ng·g–1 wet weight). A further investigation of four streams showed that ammocoetes reflected the level of contamination in their nursery streams. Concentrations of mercury decreased during metamorphosis from ammocoete to adult. Mercury concentrations in adults ranged from 83 to 942 ng·g–1 wet weight and, unlike teleosts, showed no relation to sex, length, or weight. We provide evidence from stable isotope analyses that this high variability is due to feeding ecology. There are fundamental differences in mercury accumulation between sea lamprey and teleosts.

scholarly journals Both Gut Microbiota and Differentially Expressed Proteins Are Relevant to the Development of Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yuchuan Li ◽  
Qiuxia Liu ◽  
Chunting Peng ◽  
Bing Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Linear Discriminant

Although the role of the gut microbiota in obesity has recently received considerable attention, the exact mechanism is unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the profiles of bacterial communities in fecal samples and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the peripheral blood in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and standard diet (SD) and at providing new insights into the pathogenesis of obesity. The profiles of bacterial communities in fecal samples and DEPs in the peripheral blood were characterized in mice fed HFD and SD, respectively. The levels of 3 DEPs increased in HFD mice. The alpha diversity was significantly lower after 4 and 12 weeks in HFD mice. The beta diversity was higher after 4, 8, and 12 weeks in HFD mice. A total of 16 gut bacterial clades were significantly different with the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score higher than 4 over time. The relative abundance levels of Proteobacteria and Deferribacteres were higher, while those of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were lower in HFD mice at the phylum level. The relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae and Rikenellaceae increased in HFD mice at the family level. The relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes_S24-7_group and Lachnospiraceae was lower in HFD mice. The gut microbiota had a significant correlation with serum lipid indexes and expression of DEPs at the phylum and family levels. The changes in the gut microbiota of HFD mice and their associations with the levels of inflammatory proteins could be one of the major etiological mechanisms underlying obesity.

scholarly journals Rh glycoprotein immunoreactivity in the skin and its role in extrabranchial ammonia excretion by the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in fresh water

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Blair ◽  
M.P. Wilkie ◽  
S.L. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Protein Rich

Aquatic organisms employ various strategies to excrete ammonia across the gills, skin, and (or) renal routes. During three different stages of their life cycle, we hypothesized that the basal vertebrate sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L., 1758) used the skin as a route for ammonia excretion. Measurements of ammonia excretion using divided flux chambers revealed that extrabranchial sites (skin plus renal) of ammonia excretion were quantitatively more important in larval sea lampreys, but following metamorphosis, the gills became the dominant route of excretion in juvenile sea lampreys. Despite the greater relative importance of the skin in the larval stage, Rh glycoprotein isoforms Rhbg, Rhcg1, and Rhcg2 were detected in the skin in all three sea lamprey life stages examined, but the patterns of expression were dependent on the life stage. We conclude that, during the relatively sedentary filter-feeding larval stage, extrabranchial routes play an equally important role as the gill in facilitating ammonia excretion. However, the gills by virtue of their extensive branchial vasculature become the dominant route of ammonia excretion following metamorphosis because of the need to offload greater amounts of ammonia arising from higher rates of basal ammonia production and the potential to excrete higher amounts of ammonia following ingestion of protein-rich blood in the parasitic stage.

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