scholarly journals Emergent Myxobacterial Behaviors Arise from Reversal Suppression Induced by Kin Contacts

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Balagam ◽  
Pengbo Cao ◽  
Govind P. Sah ◽  
Zhaoyang Zhang ◽  
Kalpana Subedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Populations ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Emergent Behaviors

In many species, large populations exhibit emergent behaviors whereby all related individuals move in unison. For example, fish in schools can all dart in one direction simultaneously to avoid a predator.

scholarly journals Editorial

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
Beatriz Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Related Individuals

There is certainly nothing new in saying that inbreeding, the mating of related individuals, has negative consequences in farmed animal populations. Inbreeding leads to loss of genetic variation and most importantly to reductions in performance (i.e. inbreeding depression) particularly in traits related with fitness such as fertility and viability. Reductions in fitness traits can eventually make further progress imposible despite the presence of genetic variance. Even large populations are experiencing large increases in the rates at which inbreeding accumulates. Examples include US and UK Holstein dairy cattle populations where the worldwide use of few elite sires is leading to current rates much higher than those observed in the past and where deteriorations in health and reproductive traits have been observed. Broadening the breeding objectives for livestock species (Simm et al., 2001) would alleviate this but still effective methods for controlling inbreeding need to be applied.

scholarly journals TriPoly: a haplotype estimation approach for polyploids using sequencing data of related individuals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Motazedi ◽  
Dick de Ridder ◽  
Richard Finkers ◽  
Chris Maliepaard
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Haplotype Estimation ◽  
Short Read Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Genetics And Genomics

Knowledge of “haplotypes”, i.e. phased and ordered marker alleles on a chromosome, is essential to answer many questions in genetics and genomics. By generating short pieces of DNA sequence, high-throughput modern sequencing technologies make estimation of haplotypes possible for single individuals. In polyploids, however, haplotype estimation methods usually require deep coverage to achieve sufficient accuracy. This often renders sequencing-based approaches too costly to be applied to large populations needed in studies of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL).We propose a novel haplotype estimation method for polyploids, TriPoly, that combines sequencing data with Mendelian inheritance rules to infer haplotypes in parent-offspring trios. Using realistic simulations of short- read sequencing data for potato (Solanum tuberosum) and banana (Musa acuminata) trios, we show that TriPoly yields more accurate progeny haplotypes at low coverages compared to the existing methods that work on single individuals.

Morphogenetic machines revealed: Microscopy of living cells in the embryo of the frog, Xenopus laevis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Ray Keller
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Amphibian Embryo ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Light Fluorescence ◽  
Video Image Processing

The amphibian embryo offers advantages of size, availability, and ease of use with both microsurgical and molecular methods in the analysis of fundamental developmental and cell biological problems. However, conventional wisdom holds that the opacity of this embryo limits the use of methods in optical microscopy to resolve the cell motility underlying the major shape-generating processes in early development.These difficulties have been circumvented by refining and adapting several methods. First, methods of explanting and culturing tissues were developed that expose the deep, nonepithelial cells, as well as the superficial epithelial cells, to the view of the microscope. Second, low angle epi-illumination with video image processing and recording was used to follow patterns of cell movement in large populations of cells. Lastly, cells were labeled with vital, fluorescent dyes, and their behavior recorded, using low-light, fluorescence microscopy and image processing. Using these methods, the details of the cellular protrusive activity that drives the powerful convergence (narrowing)

The Use of Medical Record Linkage for Population and Genetic Studies

1969 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 07-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Record Linkage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Record Linkage ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
Family Histories ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Machine Readable

Methods are described for deriving personal and family histories of birth, marriage, procreation, ill health and death, for large populations, from existing civil registrations of vital events and the routine records of ill health. Computers have been used to group together and »link« the separately derived records pertaining to successive events in the lives of the same individuals and families, rapidly and on a large scale. Most of the records employed are already available as machine readable punchcards and magnetic tapes, for statistical and administrative purposes, and only minor modifications have been made to the manner in which these are produced.As applied to the population of the Canadian province of British Columbia (currently about 2 million people) these methods have already yielded substantial information on the risks of disease: a) in the population, b) in relation to various parental characteristics, and c) as correlated with previous occurrences in the family histories.

An Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) for the Quantitation of Human Factor VII

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Boyer ◽  
M Wolf ◽  
C Rothschild ◽  
M Migaud ◽  
J Amiral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryA new solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitation of human Factor VII antigen (F VII Ag), using a monospecific rabbit anti-F VII antiserum. Anti-F VII F(ab′)2 fragments were adsorbed to polystyrene plates. The binding of serial dilutions of control or test plasma, containing F VII, was detected by incubation with peroxidase-labeled anti- FV II IgG followed by the addition of hydrogen peroxyde and O-phenylenediamine. This ELISA is specific, sensitive (detection limit: 0.05%) and accurate (coefficient of variation: 1.5-4% for within- and 1.6-9% for between-assays). F VII coagulant activity (F VII C) and F VII Ag were determined in large populations of controls and patients. In normal plasma (n = 38), F VII Ag ranged from 83 to 117% and the correlation coefficient between F VII Ag and F VII C was 0.94. In patients with severe (F VII C inf. 1%) congenital F VII deficiency (n = 5), F VII Ag was undetectable in two cases (inf. 0.05%) and markedly reduced (0.35 to 5.6%) in the three other cases. In patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 15), F VII Ag ranged from 21 to 59% and was in good correlation with F VII C (r = 0.84). In dicoumarol treated patients (n = 15), the levels of F VII Ag ranged from 51% to 79% and a poor correlation (r = 0.52) with F VIIC was observed. In “compensated” DIC (n = 5), levels of F VII Ag varied from 60 to 186%, with significantly higher F VII C levels (from 143 to 189%). In contrast, in “decompensated” DIC (n = 7), low F VII Ag and F VII C levels were observed (from 7 to 27%). In patients with deep-vein thrombosis (n = 25), high levels of F VII Ag (from 102 to 136%) and F VII C (from 110 to 150%) were demonstrated. In surgical patients, no significant difference was observed before and one day after intervention.

Galectin-3 in Heart Failure – Linking Fibrosis, Remodelling and Progression

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R deFilippi ◽  
G Michael Felker ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Galectin 3

For many with heart failure, including the elderly and those with a preserved ejection fraction, both risk stratification and treatment are challenging. For these large populations and others there is increasing recognition of the role of cardiac fibrosis in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Galectin-3 is a novel biomarker of fibrosis and cardiac remodelling that represents an intriguing link between inflammation and fibrosis. In this article we review the biology of galectin-3, recent clinical research and its application in the management of heart failure patients.

Judgments of Moral Responsibility in Tissue Donation Cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Sperm Donor ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Unique Ability

If a person requires a tissue donation in order to survive, many philosophers argue that whatever moral responsibility a biological relative may have to donate to the person in need will be grounded at least partially, if not entirely, in the biological relations the potential donor bears to the recipient. Such views tend to ignore the role played by a potential donor’s unique ability to help the person in need and the perceived burden of the donation type in underwriting such judgments. If, for example, a sperm donor is judged to have a significant moral responsibility to donate tissue to a child conceived with his sperm, we argue that such judgments will largely be grounded in the presumed unique ability of the sperm donor to help the child due to the compatibility of his tissues with those of the recipient. In this paper, we report the results of two main studies and three supplementary studies designed to investigate the comparative roles that biological relatedness, unique ability to help, and donation burden play in generating judgments of moral responsibility in tissue donation cases. We found that the primary factor driving individuals’ judgments about the moral responsibility of a potential donor to donate tissue to someone in need was the degree to which a donor was in a unique ability to help. We observed no significant role for biological relatedness as such. Biologically related individuals were deemed to have a significant moral responsibility to donate tissue only when they are one of a small number of people who have a relatively unique capacity to help. We also found that people are less inclined to think individuals have a moral responsibility to donate tissue when the donation is more costly to make. We bring these results into dialogue with contemporary disputes concerning the ethics of tissue donation.

Judgments of moral responsibility in tissue donation cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Sperm Donor ◽  
Biological Relationship ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Unique Ability

If a person requires an organ or tissue donation to survive, many philosophers argue that whatever moral responsibility a biological relative may have to donate to the person in need will be grounded at least partially, if not entirely, in biological relations the potential donor bears to the recipient. We contend that such views ignore the role that a potential donor’s unique ability to help the person in need plays in underwriting such judgments. If, for example, a sperm donor is judged to have a significant moral responsibility to donate tissue to a child conceived with his sperm, we think this will not be due to the fact that the donor stands in a close biological relationship to the recipient. Rather, we think such judgments will largely be grounded in the presumed unique ability of the sperm donor to help the child due to the compatibility of his tissues and organs with those of the recipient. In this paper, we report the results of two studies designed to investigate the comparative roles that biological relatedness and unique ability play in generating judgments of moral responsibility in tissue donation cases. We found that biologically related individuals are deemed to have a significant moral responsibility to donate tissue only when they are one of a small number of people who have the capacity to help.

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