scholarly journals The Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Evolution of Acinetobacter baumannii Drug Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoge Zang ◽  
Felise G. Adams ◽  
Karl A. Hassan ◽  
Bart A. Eijkelkamp
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
The Impact

The global distribution of multidrug resistance in A. baumannii has necessitated seeking not only alternative therapeutic approaches but also the means to limit the development of resistance in clinical settings. Highly abundant host bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, are readily acquired by A. baumannii during infection and have been illustrated to impact the bacterium’s membrane composition and antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pecora ◽  
Federica Persico ◽  
Alberto Argentiero ◽  
Cosimo Neglia ◽  
Susanna Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
The Impact

Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Modulatory effect of cod-liver oil on Na+-K+ ATPase in rats’ brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha A Kumosani ◽  
Said S Moselhy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Cholinesterase Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Omega-3 fatty acids were used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases such as bipolar disorder. Na +, K+-ATPase is also a well-known target for these fatty acids. In this study, we investigated the impact of cod-liver oil (CLO), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on Na+, K+-ATPase, cholinesterase activities, the levels of norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine in different regions of rat brain. Our results showed that DHA caused a significant depression in cerebellum Na+, K +-ATPase, whereas CLO activated it. In addition, CLO, EPA and DHA produced a significant activation in Na+, K+-ATPase activity in medulla, midbrain and hypothalamus. There were non-significant changes in the activity of cholinesterase enzyme in cerebellum and medulla, while in midbrain and hypothalamus the CLO, DHA and EPA enhanced the activity by 75%, 100% and 78%, respectively. The content of NE in hypothalamus showed slight increase in different regions of the brain of animals fed CLO, DHA or EPA. In conclusion, CLO, DHA or EPA supplementation had a beneficial effect that associated with a normalization of fatty acids incorporation into phospholipid membranes and a partial restoration of Na+, K+-ATPase activity, suggesting that CLO supplementation may improve fatty acid composition and moderately enhance Na+, K+-ATPase activity.

scholarly journals Are the Adaptogenic Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids Mediated via Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Bradbury ◽  
Lyndon Brooks ◽  
Stephen P. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Analyze Data

The study was undertaken to estimate the size of the impact of n-3 fatty acids in psychological stress and the extent to which it is mediated via proinflammatory cytokines. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data from 194 healthy Australians. Biomarkers used were erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA)),ex-vivostimulated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)). Stress was measured with the perceived stress scale (PSS-10), found to comprise three factors: Coping (items 4, 7, 5), Overwhelm (2, 10, 6 and 8), and Emotional (1, 9 and 3). This modeling demonstrated that the effects of DHA on coping are largely direct effects (0.26,t=2.05) and were not significantly mediated via the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. Future modeling should explore whether adding EPA to the model would increase the significance of the mediation pathways.

The Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Osteoporosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (36) ◽  
pp. 4157-4164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maggio ◽  
A. Artoni ◽  
F. Lauretani ◽  
L. Borghi ◽  
A. Nouvenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk: do we understand the relationship?

2009 ◽  
pp. S19-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vrablík ◽  
M Prusíková ◽  
M Šnejdrlová ◽  
L Zlatohlávek
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

There is a large body of evidence documenting the effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with the first double bond at the third position from methyl-terminal (so called omega-3 fatty acids (FAs)) on different components of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it may seem the more answers on the topic we learn, the more questions remain to be elucidated. There are three levels of evidence documenting the impact of fish omega-3 FAs on CVD risk. Epidemiological data have shown unequivocally the increased intake of fish is associated with lower CVD morbidity and mortality. Numerous experimental studies have shown (almost always) positive effects of omega-3 FAs on lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation and platelet function, endothelial function, arterial stiffness etc. Most importantly, there are a few prospective clinical endpoint trials (DART, JELIS, GISSI Prevenzione and GISSI-HF) that have examined the impact of omega-3 FAs supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in different patient populations. Recent meta-analyses of these and other clinical studies have yielded somewhat conflicting results. In this review we will summarize current evidence of omega-3 FAs effects on cardiovascular risk focusing on new data from recent clinical trials as well as possible practical implications for clinical practice.

The Impact of Low Omega-3 Fatty Acids Diet on the Development of the Visual System

2019 ◽  
pp. 369-395
Author(s):  
Poliana Capucho Sandre ◽  
Patricia Coelho de Velasco ◽  
Claudio Alberto Serfaty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Quality of Life

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Ondine van de Rest ◽  
M. Yulianto Kurniawan ◽  
Lisette CPGM de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Acinetobacter baumannii Host Fatty Acid Stress Adaptation Strategies

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhih-Hang Jiang ◽  
Karl A. Hassan ◽  
Stephanie L. Begg ◽  
Thusitha W. T. Rupasinghe ◽  
Varsha Naidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 6

ABSTRACT Free fatty acids hold important immune-modulatory roles during infection. However, the host’s long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, not commonly found in the membranes of bacterial pathogens, also have significant broad-spectrum antibacterial potential. Of these, the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) and the omega-3 fatty acid decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are highly abundant; hence, we investigated their effects on the multidrug-resistant human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Our analyses reveal that AA and DHA incorporate into the A. baumannii bacterial membrane and impact bacterial fitness and membrane integrity, with DHA having a more pronounced effect. Through transcriptional profiling and mutant analyses, we show that the A. baumannii β-oxidation pathway plays a protective role against AA and DHA, by limiting their incorporation into the phospholipids of the bacterial membrane. Furthermore, our study identified a second bacterial membrane protection system mediated by the AdeIJK efflux system, which modulates the lipid content of the membrane via direct efflux of lipids other than AA and DHA, thereby providing a novel function for this major efflux system in A. baumannii. This is the first study to examine the antimicrobial effects of host fatty acids on A. baumannii and highlights the potential of AA and DHA to protect against A. baumannii infections. IMPORTANCE A shift in the Western diet since the industrial revolution has resulted in a dramatic increase in the consumption of omega-6 fatty acids, with a concurrent decrease in the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids. This decrease in omega-3 fatty acid consumption has been associated with significant disease burden, including increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Here we provide evidence that DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid, has superior antimicrobial effects upon the highly drug-resistant pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii, thereby providing insights into one of the potential health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids. The identification and characterization of two novel bacterial membrane protective mechanisms against host fatty acids provide important insights into A. baumannii adaptation during disease. Furthermore, we describe a novel role for the major multidrug efflux system AdeIJK in A. baumannii membrane maintenance and lipid transport. This core function, beyond drug efflux, increases the appeal of AdeIJK as a therapeutic target.

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