BREATHING NEW LIFE INTO AN EXTINCT SEA SCORPION: REVEALING THE GILL STRUCTURE OF A THREE-DIMENSIONALLY PRESERVED EURYPTERID THROUGH MICROCT SCANNING

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opal Perron-Feller ◽  
◽  
James C. Lamsdell ◽  
Victoria E. McCoy ◽  
Melanie J. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Gill Structure

Examination of Structural Differences in Gill Vasculature Among Some Batiod Elasmobranchs Using Corrosion Casting and SEM

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1208-1209
Author(s):  
R.L. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Raja Erinacea ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Vascular Arcade ◽  
Gill Structure

Classic studies of gill vasculature indicate the gross anatomy of elasmobranch gills is similar in most species, and in general, resembles those of teleosts. However, studies of fine gill structure examining arterio-arterial pathways in several species of batoid elasmobranchs (Order: Rajiiformes, Suborder: Myliobatoidei) have reported some structural differences. These differences include the presence, in urolophids (Urolophus jamaicensis, U. mucosus, U. paucimaculatus), of 1) a tip channel, possibly an extension of the afferent filament artery that runs along the top of the filament corpus cavernosum, and 2) a vascular arcade, a vessel which connects the afferent filament arteries of a hemibranch near the tip of each filament (FIG. I). Until recently these structures were believed to be unique to the urolophids as they were not previously found in either rajids (Raja erinacea, R. clavata) or the shark Scyliorhinus canicula. Animals of mixed species and sexes were collected, perfused, and acrylic casts made of the circulatory system.

The potential respiratory surfaces of a fish living in a historically polluted river

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
André Luis da Cruz ◽  
Thiago Matos Prado ◽  
Laísa Peixoto Ramos ◽  
Wilfried Klein
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Diffusion Distance ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Gill Structure ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Cutaneous Respiration

Abstract The acquisition of oxygen is fundamental for maintaining metabolic activity in fish, and most species obtain oxygen through aquatic gill respiration. Throughout evolution, different fish lineages have evolved secondary routes to obtain oxygen from atmospheric air, and the spinycheek sleeper, Eleotris pisonis, may be one example of such bimodal respiration. Gill structure and the top epithelium of the head of E. pisonis from the Subaé River (Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil) were evaluated morphometrically. The gills showed histopathologies, especially proliferation, which was prevalent on 35.6% of the filaments and on 13.7% of the lamellae, probably increasing the water-blood diffusion barrier of the lamellae to 5.48 ± 1.32 μm, similar to the air-blood diffusion distance of the skin (5.77 ± 1.72 μm). Quantitative morphometric analysis of histopathologies and diffusion distances could be considered as biomarkers, and also suggest the presence of cutaneous respiration as a possible strategy for aerial oxygen acquisition.

A rare new species of Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) from the Lost World

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4786 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
CARLOS MOLINERI ◽  
TOMÁŠ DERKA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Lateral Projection ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Tarsal Claw ◽  
Gill Structure ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemerotera: Leptohyphidae) is described, diagnosed and illustrated from nymphs collected in the Pantepui region in Southeastern Venezuela. Leptohyphes kukenan sp. nov. is similar to Leptohyphes populus Allen because they share a unique character for the genus: male compound eyes are divided. Other unique characters for the new species include a plesiomorphic gill structure, with imbricated ventral lamellae, and paired subapical denticles on tarsal claw. The new species show a unique combination of characters that distinguish it from L. populus and all other species of Leptohyphes: fore and hind margin of femora with spines on strong elevated sockets, part of body and legs covered by small pale spots, tarsal claws with 4–5 marginal denticles and a subapical pair of submarginal denticles, pronotum with large rounded lateral projection, hind wing pads absent in female, gill formula 8/7/7/4/1, operculate gill with imbricated ventral lobes, and gill V without ventral extension on dorsal lamella. 

Shortening of Branchial Tight Junction Acid-Exposed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2028-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Freda ◽  
D. A. Sanchez ◽  
H. L. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plasma Electrolytes ◽  
Gill Structure ◽  
Electrolyte Loss

The objective of this study was to investigate possible sites for Na+ loss in fish exposed to low environmental pH. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to pH 4.0 for 1 h, a net loss of Na+ was stimulated, and changes in gill structure occurred. In addition to epithelial lifting and necrosis in the gills of acid-exposed fish, tight junctions between pavement epithelial cells and chloride cells decreased in length by 25% whereas tight junctions between adjacent pavement cells did not significantly change. In a second experiment where fish were moved from pH 4.0 or 3.5 water to pH 6.5 water, we observed that Na+ loss declined immediately and approached control levels. The reversible nature of the stimulation of Na+ loss indicates that the site of Na+ loss in the fish gill can be reversibly opened and closed, which is consistent with the known properties of tight junctions. We hypothesize that the opening of tight junctions contributes to the loss of plasma electrolytes at low environmental pH. However, the relative magnitude of electrolyte loss through the tight junctions remains unknown.

New insights into the plasticity of gill structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran E. Nilsson ◽  
Agnieszka Dymowska ◽  
Jonathan A.W. Stecyk
Keyword(s):  
Gill Structure

Gill structure and adaptation to high-sulfid environment in the lucinidae, Lucina pectinata

1995 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
Liliane Frenkiel ◽  
Olivier Gros ◽  
Marcel Moueza
Keyword(s):  
Lucina Pectinata ◽  
Gill Structure

scholarly journals Alterations in gill structure in tropical reef fishes as a result of elevated temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Bowden ◽  
N.M. Gardiner ◽  
C.S. Couturier ◽  
J.A.W. Stecyk ◽  
G.E. Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Gill Structure ◽  
Tropical Reef

The effects of H+ upon the gills of freshwater fish

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Mucous Secretion ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Gill Structure ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
And Function ◽  
External Calcium ◽  
Gill Function

The structure and function of the gills of freshwater fish are briefly summarized and the responses to low pH are reviewed, with particular reference to the salmonid fishes. Major influences are seen upon ion and acid–base regulatory mechanisms at the gills and upon mucous secretion and gill structure. Ionic imbalances which can be responsible for death at low pH are caused by disturbances to both the active transport and the diffusional losses of Na+ and Cl−. The disturbances, while not identical for the two ions, are similar to the extent that the undirectional fluxes of both are dependent upon the severity and duration of the acid exposure and upon the external calcium concentration. Calcium also has an important influence on the net flux of H+ across the gills. A model is proposed for the interaction of Ca2+ and H+ on gill function. The physiological importance of mucous secretion at low pH is discussed and the issue of whether acid-intolerant species can be successfully adapted for life at low pH is examined.

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