PROTECTING PRIVATE WELLS FROM ARSENIC USING GEOLOGY AND GIS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Fields ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Wells

scholarly journals Under-Sink Activated Carbon Water Filters Effectively Remove Lead from Private Well Water for over Six Months

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Riley Mulhern ◽  
Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Minimal Data ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Private Wells

Children who rely on private well water in the United States have been shown to be at greater risk of having elevated blood lead levels. Evidence-based solutions are needed to prevent drinking water lead exposure among private well users, but minimal data are available regarding the real-world effectiveness of available interventions like point-of-use water treatment for well water. In this study, under-sink activated carbon block water filters were tested for lead and other heavy metals removal in an eight-month longitudinal study in 17 homes relying on private wells. The device removed 98% of all influent lead for the entirety of the study, with all effluent lead levels less than 1 µg/L. Profile sampling in a subset of homes showed that the faucet fixture is a significant source of lead leaching where well water is corrosive. Flushing alone was not capable of reducing first-draw lead to levels below 1 µg/L, but the under-sink filter was found to increase the safety and effectiveness of faucet flushing. The results of this study can be used by individual well users and policymakers alike to improve decision-making around the use of under-sink point-of-use devices to prevent disproportionate lead exposures among private well users.

Hydrogeologic aspects of dewatering at Welland

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Farvolden ◽  
J. P. Nunan
Keyword(s):  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Contour Map ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Piezometric Surface ◽  
Excavation Work ◽  
Artesian Aquifer ◽  
Bedrock Aquifer ◽  
Private Wells

Realignment of the Welland Canal between Port Robinson and Port Colborne and the building of underpass structures necessitated both temporary and permanent depressurizing of an artesian aquifer. The aquifer is a thin zone of fractured dolomite found immediately beneath approximately 60 to 100 ft (18 to 30 m) of poorly-permeable glacial till and lacustrine sediments. Since most of the private wells in the Welland area obtain water from the bedrock aquifer, extensive well interference problems were anticipated. Problems in connection with the dewatering and depressurizing included design of deep-well pumping systems for excavation work, prediction and monitoring of drawdown effects, and the determination of responsibility for interference in specific areas since several dewatering systems with overlapping cones-of-depression would be operating simultaneously. To overcome a problem of insufficient hydrologic data prior to the commencement of dewatering, a contour map of the original piezometric surface was constructed from drillers' records. This map showed a normal groundwater flow system where the movement of groundwater was from local upland recharge areas to local discharge areas along the Welland River and the existing canal. A contour map of the drawdown was drawn on the assumption that deviations from the reconstructed original piezometric surface were caused by dewatering. Analysis of the cone-of-depression along with analyses of pre-engineering pumping tests provided values for aquifer coefficients required for solution of the unsteady flow equations. Because the coefficients used were average values for a relatively small area extrapolated over a broad area, the predicted drawdown showed considerable variation in reliability. The work did provide, however, a check on the numerical method (Frind 1970) which takes into account local variations.

Evidence of corrosion in home piping system began to appear in fixture stains and metallic taste. In 1985, the Federal Government did surveys of heavy metals in water supplies, focusing on lead in drinking water and its effect on children. The prevalence of this metal resulted in the banning of lead from solder used in plumbing. In 1988, and in 1989, regulations reduced the safe limit of lead in water from 50^gm/L to 5 μgm/L, with an action level at 15pgm/L in a first draw sample. At the same time the E.P.A. provided guidance documents to schools and day care centers to help reduce children's lead exposure in water supplies. Grants were made available to states to be used for spreading the knowledge about this danger. However, the Federal regulations applied only to public water supplies, which were defined as systems serving 25 or more people. But private wells serving family homes, many containing children, were not included. Children could be assured of regulated water supplies in school, but not at home. Aware that lead was a problem in paint chips, Connecticut required that pediatricians test for traces of lead in children at age two. The Federal act recognized that the primary source of lead in water supplies came through home plumbing systems stemming from the corrosion by the water. This was remedied by requiring public water supplies to prevent corrosion, usually by adding alkalinity to the water. Here again, private wells not included in the educational phase of the program were also not included in the remedies. While these activities with water supplies were occurring, a phenomenon of a different sort was originating in states hundreds of miles away from Southeastern Connecticut. Throughout the Midwest and into West Virginia and Kentucky, electric power generators were erecting tall stacks to disperse sulfur dioxide gasses high into the atmosphere. The gas came mostly from the burning of high sulfur coal mined nearby. The Federal air pollution standards for ambient air were being met in the Midwest by the use of these tall stacks. In the eastern states, restrictions on sulfur content of fuels, mostly petroleum based, were used to meet the ambient air standards. By the early 1980's Connecticut eased its restrictions on sulfur content in these fuels from 0.5% to 1% by weight . Still, during the next five years the sulfur dioxide level actually decreased. However, in 1986, other data collected by the State showed that 32% of the rain storms had an acidic pH of 4.0 or below [ 1 ]. The lowest pH ’ s recorded that year were 3.6. The State also reported that from 1985 to 1996 there had been a further decrease in ambient sulfur dioxide levels [ 2 ].

2014 ◽  
pp. 860-860
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The State ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Plumbing Systems ◽  
Private Wells

scholarly journals The Utilization of Quality Control Chart to Examine the Chemical Properties and Bacterial Water in Al-Dlail Area in the Zarqa Governorate

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Adeeb Ahmed Ali AL Rahamneh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Private Wells ◽  
Control Limits

This study focuses on the amount of chemical properties and microbiology (T.D.S ,T.H,MPN) into the water provided by the environmental health from the private wells Al-Dlail laboratories in a Zarqa Governorate. The research problem focuses on the chemical properties and microbiology (T.D.S, T.H, MPN) of the amount of the water provided by the environmental health of the private wells of Al-Dlail laboratories in a Zarqa Governorate. The research object was to develop the necessary treatments for reducing the presence of unauthorized descent from T.D.S, T.H and MPN.The analytical research methodology was adopted for the case study analysis to achieve the purpose of this research which was to develop necessary treatments to reduce the presence of unauthorized descent from T.D.S, T.H and MPN. To achieve the study objectives, the study uses (Minitab). Based on the statistical analysis, the main results are:The Control Limits for the Total Dissolved Solid (T.D.S) and the Total Hardness (T.H) are within acceptable limits In the Control Limits for the Most Probable Number (MPN), some readings are beyond the extent of control. Also, there are two samples (15,16) that breach the specification and the bacterium Bacillus colon(MPN) limits, which means exceeding the allowed percentage of the limit.The researcher concluded that the Control Limits for the Total Dissolved Solid (T.D.S) are within acceptable limits and the Control Limits for the Total Hardness (T.H) are within acceptable limits. The researcher recommends that the international standard must be adopted in water treatment. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document