CHANGES TO NEAR-STREAM GROUNDWATER IN AN URBAN FOREST WATERSHED SHOWN BY CONTINUOUS WATER TABLE MEASUREMENTS BEFORE AND AFTER WHOLE-WATERSHED STREAM RESTORATION (2013-2020)

Recent ecological stream restoration projects have focused on expanding the water-friendly space of streams, promoting the health of aquatic ecosystems, and restoring various habitats, which raise the need for relevant research. Applying integrated environmental analysis, this study quantifies the change in hydraulic characteristics before and after the restoration projects through physical habitat simulation and links the results of physical impacts to estimate benefits of increase in water quality and aquatic ecosystem health due to the implementation of the project. For this, the study area is a 3.3 km long reach of the Anyang-cheon Stream, Korea. Field monitoring revealed that five fish species are dominant and sub-dominant, and account for 76% of the total fish community. To assess the change of before and after ecological stream restoration project, the River2D and Coastal Modelling System (CMS)-Flow 2D models were used for hydraulic and water quality simulations, respectively. For the habitat simulation, the HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) model was used. In addition, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) was used to calculate changes in water quality index and to examine changes in habitat areas with an integrated quantitative index, the methodology of Zingraff-Hamed et al. was adopted. It was found that the ecological stream restoration project significantly increased for the eco-friendly area. In addition, the changes in water quality and habitat suitability grades before the ecological river restoration project were improved to two stages and one stage, respectively. This study applied the integrated analytical framework as a policy/project assessment tool and the results of this study will be useful for the integrated water management policy.

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THE EFFECT OF WATER TABLE DEPTH IN ORGANIC SOIL ON SUBSIDENCE AND SWELLING

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss84-028 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 273-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. A. MILLETTE ◽

R. S. BROUGHTON

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Water Table ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Growing Period ◽

Subsidence Rate ◽

Soil Subsidence ◽

Before And After ◽

Made In

The effects of two water table depths (WTD), 0.6 and 0.9 m below the soil surface on subsidence, subsidence rate and swelling of an organic soil were observed in large undisturbed cores under greenhouse conditions. Measurements were made in two tiers, 0–0.3 m (top tier) and 0.3 m to WTD (bottom tier) during the growth of a carrot crop with WTD as above, and continued following a rise in the water table. The WTD of 0.9 m caused the top tier to subside twice as much as the same tier in the 0.6 m WTD. Top tier subsidence seemed irreversible in both WTD because minor swelling was observed following a rise in the water table. Most of the reversible subsidence occurred in the bottom tier. Raising the water table reduced the total profile subsidence by 36 and 24% for the 0.6 and 0.9 m WTD, respectively. After correction for oxidation, subsidence accounted for 3.2 and 5.9% of the 0.6- and 0.9-m profiles, respectively. The bulk density increase in the 0.6-m profile before and after the end of the experiment was not significant but a significant increase of 11% was measured in the 0.9-m profile. Subsidence rates decreased in both tiers during the growing period reaching a minimum in both WTD at harvest time. The subsidence rate in 0.9-m profile at 100 days after seeding was 2.5 times the rate in the 0.6-m profile. Key words: Organic soil, subsidence, swelling, water table

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Carbon dioxide emissions from an <i>Acacia</i> plantation on peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-8-8269-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 8269-8302 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Jauhiainen ◽

A. Hooijer ◽

S. E. Page

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Water Table ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Root Respiration ◽

Water Table Depth ◽

Rooting Zone ◽

Before And After ◽

Plantation Development ◽

Peat Surface

Abstract. Peat surface CO2 emission, groundwater table depth and peat temperature were monitored for two years along transects in an Acacia plantation on thick tropical peat (>4 m) in Sumatra, Indonesia. A total of 2300 emission measurements were taken at 144 locations. The autotrophic root respiration component of the CO2 emission was separated from heterotrophic emissions caused by peat oxidation in three ways: (i) by comparing CO2 emissions within and beyond the tree rooting zone, (ii) by comparing CO2 emissions with and without peat trenching (i.e. cutting any roots remaining in the peat beyond the tree rooting zone), and (iii) by comparing CO2 emissions before and after Acacia tree harvesting. On average, the contribution of root respiration to daytime CO2 emission is 21 % along transects in mature tree stands. At locations 0.5 m from trees this is up to 80 % of the total emissions, but it is negligible at locations more than 1.3 m away. This means that CO2 emission measurements well away from trees are free of any root respiration contribution and thus represent only peat oxidation emission. We find daytime mean annual CO2 emission from peat oxidation alone of 94 t ha−1 yr−1 at a mean water table depth of 0.8 m, and a minimum emission value of 80 t ha−1 yr−1 after correction for the effect of diurnal temperature fluctuations, which resulted in a 14.5 % reduction of the daytime emission. There is a positive correlation between mean long-term water table depths and peat oxidation CO2 emission. However, no such relation is found for instantaneous emission/water table depth within transects and it is clear that factors other than water table depth also affect peat oxidation and total CO2 emissions. The increase in the temperature of the surface peat due to plantation development may explain over 50 % of peat oxidation emissions.

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Hydrologic Response of Meadow Restoration the First Year Following Removal of Encroached Conifers

Water ◽

10.3390/w11030428 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 428 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher Surfleet ◽

Thomas Sanford ◽

Gregory VanOosbree ◽

John Jasbinsek

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Table ◽

Growing Season ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Subsurface Water ◽

First Year ◽

Hydrologic Response ◽

Before And After ◽

Hydrologic Change ◽

Montane Meadow

This study examines the hydrologic response of a montane meadow the first winter following restoration by removal of encroached conifers. Hydrologic change was evaluated through statistical comparison of soil moisture and water table depths between the restored meadow, Marian Meadow, and a Control Meadow before and after restoration. Meadow water budgets and durations of water table depths during the growing season were evaluated. Electrical resistivity tomography profiles were collected to improve the spatial interpretation of subsurface water beyond well measurements. The first year following restoration Marian Meadow had a statistically significant increase in volumetric soil moisture content of 4% with depth to the water table decreasing on average by 0.15 m. The water budget for the meadows demonstrated that the hydrologic change following removal of encroached conifers was primarily due to a reduction of vegetation interception capture. Soil evapotranspiration rates in both the Control and Marian Meadows were relatively stable ranging from 268–288 mm/yr with the exception of the year following conifer removal in Marian Meadow with 318 mm/yr. The increase in soil evapotranspiration in the first post restoration year is attributed to loss of vegetation cover and higher proportions of bare soil created from the harvest operations. The duration of post-restoration water table depths during the growing season at Marian Meadow were less than or equal to 0.7 m and 0.3 m for 85 days and 50 days, respectively, indicating hydrologic conditions conducive to meadow vegetation.

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Response of benthic macroinvertebrates to dam removal in the restoration of the Boardman River, Michigan, USA

10.1101/2020.12.22.423935 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David C. Mahan ◽

Joel T. Betts ◽

Eric Nord ◽

Fred Van Dyke ◽

Jessica M. Outcalt

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Stream Restoration ◽

Dam Removal ◽

Total Density ◽

Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Taxa Richness ◽

Before And After ◽

Stream Macroinvertebrate ◽

New Zealand Mud Snail

AbstractDam removal is an increasingly important method of stream restoration, but most removal efforts are under-studied in their effects. In order to better understand the effects of such removals on the stream ecosystem, we examined changes in stream macroinvertebrate communities from 2011-2016 above, below, and before and after the October 2012 removal of the Brown Bridge Dam on the Boardman River in Michigan (USA), and to new channel sites created in its former reservoir (2013-2015). Using linear mixed-effect models on the percent abundance of ecologically sensitive taxa (% Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera (EPT)), total density of all macroinvertebrates, and overall taxa richness, along with multivariate analyses on the community matrix, we examined differences in community composition among sites and years. EPT declined downstream of the dam immediately after dam removal, but recovered in the second year, becoming dominant within 2-4 years. Downstream sites before removal had different community composition than upstream sites and downstream sites after removal (p<0.001), while upstream and downstream sites after removal converged towards similarity. New channel (restored) %EPT, density, and taxa richness were not different from upstream sites in any year following removal, but new channel sites were the most distinct in community composition, possessing multiple indicator taxa characteristic of unique new conditions. The invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) was absent from all sites prior to dam removal, but appeared at low densities in upstream sites in 2013, had spread to all sites by 2015, and showed large increases at all sites by 2016. Managers employing dam removal for stream restoration should include post-removal monitoring for multiple years following removal and conduct risk analysis regarding potential effects on colonization of invasive invertebrate species.

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Response of benthic macroinvertebrates to dam removal in the restoration of the Boardman River, Michigan, USA

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0245030

Author(s):

David C. Mahan ◽

Joel T. Betts ◽

Eric Nord ◽

Fred Van Dyke ◽

Jessica M. Outcalt

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Stream Restoration ◽

Dam Removal ◽

Functional Feeding Groups ◽

Total Density ◽

Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Taxa Richness ◽

Before And After ◽

New Zealand Mud Snail

Dam removal is an increasingly important method of stream restoration, but most removal efforts are under-studied in their effects. In order to better understand the effects of such removals on the stream ecosystem, we examined changes in stream macroinvertebrate communities from 2011–2016. Comparisons were focused above, below, and before and after the October 2012 removal of the Brown Bridge Dam on the Boardman River in Michigan (USA), as well as to new channel sites created in its former reservoir (2013–2015). Using linear mixed-effect models on the percent abundance of ecologically sensitive taxa (% Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera (EPT)), total density of all macroinvertebrates, overall taxa richness, and Functional Feeding Groups, along with multivariate analyses on the community matrix, we examined differences in community composition among sites and years. EPT declined downstream of the dam immediately after dam removal, but recovered in the second year, becoming dominant within 2–4 years. Downstream sites before removal had different community composition than upstream sites and downstream sites after removal (p<0.001), while upstream and downstream sites after removal converged towards similarity. New channel (restored) %EPT, density, and taxa richness were not different from upstream sites in any year following removal, but new channel sites were the most distinct in community composition, possessing multiple indicator taxa characteristic of unique new conditions. The invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) was absent from all sites prior to dam removal, but appeared at low densities in upstream sites in 2013, had spread to all sites by 2015, and showed large increases at all sites by 2016. Managers employing dam removal for stream restoration should include post-removal monitoring for multiple years following removal and conduct risk analysis regarding potential effects on colonization of invasive invertebrate species.

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Hydrodynamique d'une pessière noire drainée

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x92-141 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 1063-1070 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Pierre Belleau ◽

André P. Plamondon ◽

Robert Lagacé ◽

Steeve Pépin

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Water Table ◽

Root Zone ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Drainage Ditches ◽

Deep Root ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

The depth of the water table was measured before and after the digging of drainage ditches with 20-, 40-, and 60-m spacings in a black spruce wild holly bog. The peat is mesic with the exception of the top 10 cm which is fibric. The hydraulic conductivity of the 20- to 40-cm layer is low in relation with other Quebec sites under study. The extremely low conductivity under the 40-cm depth and the impermeable mineral soil layer at the bottom of the ditches creates the horizontal profile between ditches. The mean water table depths during the 3 years of the study were 42, 29, and 22 cm, respectively, for the 20-, 40-, and 60-m spacings. The corresponding lowering of the water table was in the order of 25, 13, and 6 cm. The water table was maintained 100, 70, and 40% of the time below the 20 cm deep root zone for the 20-, 40-, and 60-m spacings respectively, compared with 23% for the undrained situation (by simulation). The water table is significantly lowered below the 40-cm threshold for the 20-m spacing only.

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