Rapid response of New England (USA) rivers to shifting boundary conditions: Processes, time frames, and pathways to post-flood channel equilibrium

Abstract The time scale of channel recovery from disturbances indicates fluvial resiliency. Quantitative predictions of channel recovery are hampered by multiple possible recovery pathways and stable states and limited long-term observations that provide benchmarks for testing proposed metrics. We take advantage of annual channel-change measurements following Tropical Storm Irene’s 2011 landfall in New England (eastern USA) to document geomorphic recovery processes and pathways toward equilibrium. A covariate metric demonstrates that channels can adjust rapidly to ongoing boundary condition shifts, but that they adjust along a continuum of possible stable states. Moreover, the covariate equilibrium metric indicates sensitivity to warm-season high discharges that, in this region, are increasing in frequency. These data also show that the channels are resilient in that they are able to recover an equilibrium form within 1–2 yr of disturbances.

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Lessons from 10 Years of Post-Exxon Valdez Monitoring on Intertidal Shorelines

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-111 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1999 (1) ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rebecca Z. Hoff ◽

Gary Shigenaka

Keyword(s):

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Size Composition ◽

Hot Water ◽

Exxon Valdez ◽

Intertidal Zones ◽

Recovery Processes ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Time Frames

ABSTRACT Intertidal shorelines impacted by the Exxon Valdez oil spill have been monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) since late 1989. Originally intended to document oil fate and impacts of hot-water high-pressure washing, the program evolved into a comprehensive examination of long-term recovery processes in these environments. Annual field sampling and laboratory and statistical analyses are combined to document trends in biology, chemistry, and geomorphology of 26 sites in Prince William Sound. Recovery processes in shoreline ecosystems occur over different time frames, depending on the particular measure and scale used. Using a geomorphological measure, most boulder/cobble sites where berm relocation was carried out to remove subsurface oil took 1–2 years to return to pre-treatment configurations. Mean levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in mussels from oiled sites remained elevated for approximately 3–4 years after the spill. Abundance trends for most epibiota species at mid intertidal zones from oiled sites were parallel to those from unoiled sites after 1–2 years. Longer lasting impacts were found for infaunal species at low elevations, perhaps related to changes in grain size composition at washed sites. Some impacts from oiling remained at sensitive sites through at least 1997, including subsurface oiling, species abundance differences, and patchy areas of sediment and bivalve contamination from polyaromatic hydrocarbons.

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Anthropologic Relationships among Prehistoric Northeastern Amerindians

North American Archaeologist ◽

10.2190/6g0g-8pd9-52t7-p0gq ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 145-159

Author(s):

Edward F. Harris ◽

Nicholas F. Bellantoni

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Material Culture ◽

New England ◽

Cultural Barriers ◽

Group Differences ◽

Phenetic Analysis ◽

Trade Relationships ◽

Good Agreement

Archaeologically defined inter-group differences in the Northeast subarea ate assessed with a phenetic analysis of published craniometric information. Spatial distinctions in the material culture are in good agreement with those defined by the cranial metrics. The fundamental dichotomy, between the Ontario Iroquois and the eastern grouping of New York and New England, suggests a long-term dissociation between these two groups relative to their ecologic adaptations, trade relationships, trait-list associations, and natural and cultural barriers to gene flow.

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ESTUARINE RECORDS OF LONG-TERM HUMAN IMPACTS ON FLUVIAL SEDIMENT DISCHARGE FROM A LARGE NEW ENGLAND RIVER

10.1130/abs/2016se-273677 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Justin L. Shawler ◽

◽

Christopher J. Hein

Keyword(s):

New England ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Sediment Discharge ◽

Fluvial Sediment

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Representing Disasters and Long-term Recovery – Insights from Tamil Nadu

10.24943/rdlrtn06.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chandni Singh ◽

Mark Tebboth ◽

Jasmitha Arvind ◽

Yashodara Udupa

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Shape Recovery ◽

South India ◽

State Policies ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Recovery Processes ◽

Disaster Impacts ◽

Chennai City ◽

Post Disaster

This study focuses on disaster impacts and recovery in Tamil Nadu, drawing on insights from Chennai city and Nagapattinam district. The research is part of a larger three-year project called “Recovery with Dignity”, which examines the experiences of recovery in post-disaster situations across three states in India – Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala – and explores how recovery processes represent vulnerable populations. In this report, we focus on three key disasters in Tamil Nadu: the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the 2015 South India flood, and the 2018 Cyclone Gaja. Through these events, we examine how the ways disasters and their losses are represented shape recovery outcomes. The study uses a range of data, from a review of state policies in Tamil Nadu (2005-2019), an analysis of media articles published in English and Tamil (2004-2019), to interviews with disaster-affected people and secondary stakeholders. The findings indicate that disaster responses and outcomes are highly differentiated based on how disaster-affected people and their needs and losses are represented. To enable inclusive recovery, it is necessary to recognising the heterogenous nature of disaster impacts and acknowledge different ideas of what recovery means.

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Effects of biological legacies and herbivory on fuels and flammability traits: A long-term experimental study of alternative stable states

Journal of Ecology ◽

10.1111/1365-2745.12796 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 1309-1322 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Melisa Blackhall ◽

Estela Raffaele ◽

Juan Paritsis ◽

Florencia Tiribelli ◽

Juan M. Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Alternative Stable States ◽

Stable States ◽

Biological Legacies

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RESPONSE OF THREE WARM-SEASON GRASSES TO VARYING FERTILITY LEVELS ON FIVE SOILS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-096 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 657-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. W. TAYLOR ◽

D. W. ALLINSON

Keyword(s):

New England ◽

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Warm Season ◽

Late Summer ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Yield Response ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Big Bluestem ◽

P Fertilization ◽

Warm Season Grasses

Animal production in New England has been limited by inadequate forage during mid- to late summer when cool-season grasses are in summer dormancy. Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) are warm-season grasses that may be a perennial source of summer forage. Since production of these warm-season grasses would be limited to the less fertile soils of the region, a greenhouse study was conducted to examine the growth and quality of these species in five acid, infertile soils as well as fertilizer-amended soils. The soils were fertilized with limestone (L), limestone plus nitrogen (LN), limestone, nitrogen plus phosphorus (LNP), and limestone, nitrogen, phosphorus plus potassium (LNPK). Limestone was applied to adjust soils to a pH of 6.5. Fertilizer was applied at rates of 45, 117 and 111 kg/ha of N, P and K, respectively. First harvest yields were greatest for switchgrass and big bluestem, but indiangrass produced significantly greater yields than either of the other grasses in the second harvest. In both harvests, the yields of all grasses were greatest under the LNP and LNPK fertility regimes. Nitrogen, without P, did not significantly increase yields above the control treatment in the first harvest. Yield responses to P fertilization varied with soils. Although P appeared to be the limiting factor insofar as growth was concerned, the yield response from P fertilization would probably be limited without N fertilization. Indiangrass was significantly higher in crude protein and K concentration and significantly lower in Ca concentration than big bluestem and switchgrass. Phosphorus concentrations were below the recommended levels for ruminant nutrition.

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Origins of the Eighteenth-Century Evangelical Revival: England and New England Compared

Journal of British Studies ◽

10.1086/385896 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 361-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael J. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

New England ◽

Reform Movement ◽

Western Society ◽

Great Awakening ◽

Cultural Contexts ◽

First Great Awakening ◽

Revival Movements ◽

British Colonies

Current interpretations of North America's first Great Awakening present a paradox. Historians commonly interpret the Great Awakening as part of the revival of evangelical piety that affected widely scattered elements of the Protestant world in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; however, studies of the Great Awakening have almost exclusively focused on the particular local circumstances in which the revival movements developed. Since historians of the Great Awakening have emphasized the peculiar circumstances of each of the regional manifestations, the Revival often appears in their writings to have been composed of several distinct movements separated in time, character, and cause and united only by superficial similarities. In contrast, to say that the local revival movements, despite their distinctive characteristics, were manifestations of a single larger movement is to imply that they shared the same general causes. If we suppose that the Great Awakening was part of the Evangelical Revival, our attempts to explain its origins should take into account those general causes.Two recent reconsiderations of the eighteenth-century revival movements in their broader context come to opposite conclusions. Jon Butler underscores the span of time over which the revivals occurred across the British colonies, their heterogeneous character from one region to the next, and the differences in cultural contexts in which they appeared. He concludes that “the prerevolutionary revivals should be understood primarily as regional events.” Although he sees the eighteenth-century American revivals as part of the long-term evangelical and pietistic reform movement in Western society, he denies any common, single, overwhelmingly important cause.

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PLURALISM, THE PEOPLE, AND TIME IN LABOUR PARTY HISTORY, 1931–1964

The Historical Journal ◽

10.1017/s0018246x1300023x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 729-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JEREMY NUTTALL

Keyword(s):

Labour Party ◽

Social Progress ◽

Multiple Time ◽

The People ◽

Negative Perceptions ◽

Slow Moving ◽

Progressive Potential ◽

Time Frames ◽

Pluralist Approach

ABSTRACTObserving the increasing, yet still partial exploration of pluralism, complexity and multiplicity in recent Labour party historiography, this article pursues a pluralist approach to Labour on two central, related themes of its middle-century evolution. First, it probes the plurality of Labour's different conceptions of time, specifically how it lived with the ambiguity of simultaneously viewing social progress as both immediate and rapidly achievable, yet also long term and strewn with constraints. This co-existence of multiple time-frames highlights the party's uncertainty and ideological multi-dimensionality, especially in its focus both on relatively rapid economic or structural transformation, and on much more slow-moving cultural, ethical, and educational change. It also complicates neat characterizations of particular phases in the party's history, challenging straightforwardly declinist views of the post-1945–51 period. Secondly, time connects to Labour's view of the people. Whilst historians have debated between positive and negative perceptions of the people, here the plural, split mind of Labour about the progressive potential of the citizenry is stressed, one closely intertwined with its multiple outlook on how long socialism would take. Contrasts are also suggested between the time-frames and expectations under which Labour and the Conservatives operated.

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Turning Oranges into Apples

Stepping in the Same River Twice ◽

10.12987/yale/9780300209549.003.0015 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Morgan W. Tingley

Keyword(s):

Empirical Studies ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Historical Research ◽

Careful Planning ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Methodological Bias ◽

Short Time ◽

Time Frames ◽

Repeated Samples

Documenting long-term changes in biological systems requires empirical studies that span time frames from decades to centuries. Such time spans generally preclude planned experiments, but revisiting historical research programs or sites and repeating past methods or resurveying sites are being used to infer long-term changes. However, the unplanned nature of such resurveys, along with the uncontrolled environment, in which time becomes one of the treatments, results in imperfectly repeated samples. This chapter reviews inherent problems of resurveys and summarizes methods that help account for imprecision and biases in methods for the design of resurveys and analysis of the resulting data. These methods can also be used to compare repeated measurements taken over short time spans (e.g., days, months, years), although such replicates often minimize bias by having been designed when the first sample was collected. Without such careful planning, however, methodological bias increases with the time elapsed between samples.

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