Permafrost thaw induced abrupt changes in hydrology and carbon cycling in Lake Wudalianchi, northeastern China

Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yao ◽  
Yongsong Huang ◽  
Jiaju Zhao ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Youhua Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Hydrological Changes ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Organic Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Permafrost Thawing ◽  
Organic Decomposition

Lakes in the permafrost zone have been proposed to serve as key outlets for methane and carbon dioxide emissions. However, there has been no geological record of the hydrological and biogeochemical responses of lakes throughout the thawing of surrounding permafrost. We use multiple biomarker and isotopic proxies to reconstruct hydrological and biogeochemical changes in Lake Wudalianchi in northeastern China during regional thawing of the permafrost. We show permafrost thawing, as indicated by lignin degradation, initiated rapid lake water freshening as a result of the opening of groundwater conduits, and negative organic δ13C excursion due to increased inorganic and organic carbon fluxes. These hydrological changes were followed, with an ~5–7 yr delay, by abrupt and persistent increases in microbial lake methanotrophy and methanogenesis, indicating enhanced anaerobic organic decomposition and methane emissions from lakes as permafrost thaws. Our data provide a detailed assessment of the processes involved during permafrost thaw, and highlight the importance of lakes in ventilating greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Permafrost thaw induced abrupt changes in hydrology and carbon cycling in Lake Wudalianchi, northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yao ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Study Sites

Supplemental information on the study sites, sampling, dating, methods, and significance of proxies.<br>

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Permafrost thaw induced abrupt changes in hydrology and carbon cycling in Lake Wudalianchi, northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yao ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Study Sites

Supplemental information on the study sites, sampling, dating, methods, and significance of proxies.<br>

scholarly journals Increasing Winter Baseflow in Response to Permafrost Thaw and Precipitation Regime Shifts in Northeastern China

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Duan ◽  
Xiuling Man ◽  
Barret Kurylyk ◽  
Tijiu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Northeastern China ◽  
Regime Shifts ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Permafrost Thaw

scholarly journals Perception of Health Challenges, Self-Rated Health and Feeling of Empowerment in a Changing Climate and Environment with Permafrost Thawing

Sci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ulla Timlin ◽  
Sofia Kauppila ◽  
Leneisja Jungsberg ◽  
Tanja Nordström ◽  
Kirsten Schmidt-Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local People ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Permafrost Thawing ◽  
Perception Of Health

Climate change is a global challenge which has direct and indirect health impacts on the lives of people and communities in the Arctic. The aim of our study was to evaluate the perception of permafrost thaw and health challenges and to determine which perceived environmental and adaptation factors relate to self-rated health and, more specifically, to feeling of empowerment when facing the changes and impacts of climate change and permafrost thawing. Questionnaire data (n = 100) were collected from one community located in Greenland, Disko Bay. Data were analyzed by cross-tabulation and the significances were tested either by Pearson’s χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test or by the t-test, when applicable. Based on these analyses, logistic and linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between demographic variables, challenges posed by permafrost thaw and self-rated health, and associations between feeling of empowerment and perceived environmental/adaptation factors. The results indicated that climate change was not assessed as being a direct risk for the health of local people or their feeling of empowerment. Nature seemed to play an important role for local people, and not being in the natural environment for recreational activities seemed to decrease feeling of empowerment (OR 0.42, p = 0.042, 95% CI 0.17–0.97). This paper provides new, multidisciplinary research information about the perception of health challenges, health, and feeling of empowerment among people living in an environment impacted by permafrost thaw and climate change.

scholarly journals Increased nitrous oxide emissions from Arctic peatlands after permafrost thaw

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (24) ◽  
pp. 6238-6243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Voigt ◽  
Maija E. Marushchak ◽  
Richard E. Lamprecht ◽  
Marcin Jackowicz-Korczyński ◽  
Amelie Lindgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Bare Peat ◽  
Permafrost Thawing

Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost thawing is known to be substantial, but growing evidence suggests that Arctic soils may also be relevant sources of nitrous oxide (N2O). Here we show that N2O emissions from subarctic peatlands increase as the permafrost thaws. In our study, the highest postthaw emissions occurred from bare peat surfaces, a typical landform in permafrost peatlands, where permafrost thaw caused a fivefold increase in emissions (0.56 ± 0.11 vs. 2.81 ± 0.6 mg N2O m−2 d−1). These emission rates match those from tropical forest soils, the world’s largest natural terrestrial N2O source. The presence of vegetation, known to limit N2O emissions in tundra, did decrease (by ∼90%) but did not prevent thaw-induced N2O release, whereas waterlogged conditions suppressed the emissions. We show that regions with high probability for N2O emissions cover one-fourth of the Arctic. Our results imply that the Arctic N2O budget will depend strongly on moisture changes, and that a gradual deepening of the active layer will create a strong noncarbon climate change feedback.

Numerical analysis of kinetic mechanisms for battery thermal runaway prediction in lithium-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110299
Author(s):  
Antonio García ◽  
Javier Monsalve-Serrano ◽  
Rafael Lago Sari ◽  
Álvaro Fogué Robles
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Kinetic Mechanisms ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Failure Conditions

The urgent need for reducing the carbon dioxide emissions has led to the powertrain electrification at different levels such as hybridization or pure electric vehicles. Despite the benefits in terms of local pollution reduction and lower carbon dioxide footprint that may be achieved with this technology, new hazards have been introduced. Among them, the combustion of the battery pack due to abuse conditions, also known as thermal runaway, is one of the biggest concerns. It can lead to the vehicle combustion under unnoticed failure conditions, threating the driver security. In this sense, different investigations have been carried out with the aim of providing a proper description of the reactions that lead to this phenomenon. Reaction mechanisms have been proposed in the literature for lithium-ion battery considering the most common battery chemistries. Nonetheless, their application leads to different results, which may hinder their utilization in modeling critical operating conditions for thermal runaway. This investigation proposes a detailed assessment of the most common reaction mechanisms, comparing their capability on reproducing the different reaction paths that lead to thermal runaway conditions to explore and depict state of the art of thermal runaway modeling. Additionally, a detailed analysis is performed to define the differences in terms of decomposition and formation reactions for each one of them. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the mechanism proposed by Kriston provides the best results trade-off considering different investigations in differential scanning calorimeter and accelerated rate calorimeter. In addition, it was found that some mechanisms have been adjusted to perform similar to the experimental results, even in the case of not having a physical meaning.

Inhibition by Glaucocalyxin A of Aggregation of Rabbit Platelets Induced by ADP, Arachidonic Acid and Platelet-Activating Factor, and Inhibition of [3H]-PAF Binding

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (04) ◽  
pp. 458-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Bin ◽  
Long Kun
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Ethereal Extract ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryGlaucocalyxin A is a new diterpenoid isolated from the ethereal extract of the leaves of Rabdosia japonica (Burm f) Hara var glaucocalyx (Maxim) Hara (Labiatae) collected in the northeastern China. When it was incubated with washed rabbit platelets, glaucocalyxin A inhibited ADP- or arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 4.4 μmol/1, 14.1 μmol/1 respectively. Glaucocalyxin A also inhibited PAF-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets which were refractory to ADP and arachidonic acid with an IC50 value of 13.7 μmol/1. Analysis of [3H]-PAF binding showed that glaucocalyxin A prevented [3H]-PAF binding to intact washed rabbit platelets with an IC50 value of 8.16 μmol/1, which was consistent with its inhibition of PAF-induced platelet aggregation.

Focus on Thermokarst Lakes in Indian Himalaya: Inception and Implication under Warming Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Pratima Pandey ◽  
S. Nawaz Ali ◽  
Vikram Sharma ◽  
Prashant K. Champati Ray
Keyword(s):  
Western Himalaya ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Glacial Environments ◽  
Global Warming Scenario ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Topographic Depressions ◽  
Permafrost Thawing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thaw Lakes

Thermokarst (Thaw) lakes are landforms found in topographic depressions created by thawing ground ice in permafrost zones. They play an important role in the regulation of climatic functions. These lakes are a manifestation of warming surface temperatures that accelerates the ice-rich permafrost to degrade by creating marshy hollows/ponds. In the current global warming scenario, the thermokarst lakes in the high mountain regions (Himalaya) are expected to grow further. This accelerate permafrost thawing which will affect the carbon cycle, hydrology and local ecosystems. This phenomenon has attracted huge scientific attention because it has led to a rapid mass change of glaciers in the region, including extensive changes occurring on peri-glacial environments. The most striking fact is the release of an enormous amount of greenhouse gases, including methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide that is locked in these lakes. The present study delves into the thermokarst lakes in the upper reaches of Chandra Valley and Western Himalaya. The study also aims at designating the impact of their changes on the ecosystem, particularly their influence on the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.

EVALUATION OF HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY VERSUS LAPAROSCOPY IN THE DETERMINATION OF TUBAL FACTORS IN FEMALE INFERTILITY: A HOSPITAL BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Choudhary ◽  
Rishikant Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Female Infertility ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
Tubal Patency ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
Tubal Pathology

Objectives: Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy both are the diagnostic methods for assessment of female infertility.  The present study was to compare the evaluation of hysterosalpingography (HSG) versus laparoscopy in determination of tubal factors in female infertility. Methods: Detailed assessment, physical examination and clinical investigations were performed in all 100 infertile female with age 20 years to 40 years. All patients were advised to perform digital HSG. Patients with an abnormal HSG underwent laparoscopy without delay, whereas in patients with a normal HSG, laparoscopy was performed three months after HSG. HSG is best scheduled during the 2nd -5th day interval immediately following the end of menstruation, to minimize risk for infection, avoid interference from intrauterine blood and clot, and to prevent any possibility that the procedure might be performed after conception. Results: Data was analysed by using IBM SPSS version 23 software.  All data was tabulated and percentages were calculated. Mean ± standard deviation was observed. Conclusions: Diagnostic laparoscopy is the gold standard in diagnosing tubal pathology and other intra-abdominal causes of infertility. Other hand, Hysterosalpingography is a frequently utilized diagnostic tool in the assessment of tubal status and detection of uterine anatomical defects in infertility. Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy are not alternatives but complimentary investigations. But, inadequacy of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in determining the state of tubal patency, emphasizes the need for laparoscopy. Laparoscopy provides both a panoramic view of the pelvic reproductive anatomy and a magnified view of pelvic organs and peritoneal surfaces. Keywords: Female infertility, Tubal patency, HSG, Laparoscopy

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