scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Experimental evidence on the origin of Ca-rich carbonated melts formed by interaction between sedimentary limestones and mantle-derived ultrabasic magmas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Lustrino ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Original Composition ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Experimental Runs

Experimental and analytical procedures, including SEM images of the experimental runs, and a data set containing the entire set of EMP analyses of glass and quenched minerals, as well as the original composition of the starting materials and additional plots.<br>

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Experimental evidence on the origin of Ca-rich carbonated melts formed by interaction between sedimentary limestones and mantle-derived ultrabasic magmas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Lustrino ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Original Composition ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Experimental Runs

Experimental and analytical procedures, including SEM images of the experimental runs, and a data set containing the entire set of EMP analyses of glass and quenched minerals, as well as the original composition of the starting materials and additional plots.<br>

Simulating Crime Events and Crime Patterns in a RA/CA Model

2005 ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Xuguang Wang ◽  
John Eck ◽  
Jun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Crime Patterns ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Experimental Runs

This chapter presents an innovative approach for simulating crime events and crime patterns. The theoretical basis of the crime simulation model is routine activities (RA) theory. Offenders, targets and crime places, the three basic elements of routine activities, are modeled as individual agents. The properties and behaviors of these agents change in space and time. The interactions of these three types of agents are modeled in a cellular automaton (CA). Tension, measuring the psychological impact of crime events to human beings, is the state variable of the CA. The model, after being calibrated by using a real crime data set in Cincinnati, is able to generate crime patterns similar to real patterns. Results from experimental runs of the model conform to known criminology theories. This type of RA/CA simulation model has the potential of being used to test new criminology theories and hypotheses.

scholarly journals Experimental Study and Validation of a Kinetic Scheme for Hydrothermal Carbonization Reactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidel Vallejo ◽  
Luis A. Diaz-Robles ◽  
Jorge Poblete ◽  
Francisco Cubillos
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Kinetic Scheme ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Main Fraction ◽  
Exponential Factors ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Runs

This study presents a new kinetic scheme for the mass yield prediction of waste lignocellulosic biomasses treated by Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC). The proposed reactions are based on the decomposition, solubilization, and polymerization of each main fraction of the biomass: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The ash content was assumed to be inert. The kinetic parameters have been obtained by non-linear adjustment using a data set with 220 experimental runs collected from the literature. The results indicate that the pre-exponential factors range was from 7.33 x101 to 1.412x105 min-1, and activation energies were between 33.75 y 225.3 kJ/mol. A good fit is achieved between the observed and predicted data with an R2 of 0.81 and an RMSE of 7.7 %. The proposed scheme was validated with the experimental data obtained by the HTC of sawdust (Pinus radiata) and rapeseed (Brassica napus). The experiments were carried out at temperatures of 190, 220, and 250 &ordm;C and reaction times of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The predicted values showed an average error of 2.3 and 3.5 %, respectively. Therefore, the kinetic scheme is a useful tool in the conversion analysis of waste biomass treated by HTC.

The Impact of Initial Information Ambiguity on the Accuracy of Analytical Review Judgments

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Luippold ◽  
Thomas E. Kida
Keyword(s):  
Financial Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Information Set ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Information Ambiguity ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARY Analytical procedures require that auditors develop and test hypotheses about possible fluctuations in a firm's financial data. Research in psychology suggests that the initial information ambiguity that exists prior to hypothesis generation may affect not only the initial hypothesis set, but also final judgment accuracy. We argue in this paper that information ambiguity can be caused by two primary variables, data sufficiency and data complexity, and examine how these variables affect judgment accuracy during analytical review. Ninety-four staff auditors completed analytical procedures for a company with an error seeded into its financial statements. Information ambiguity was varied across three levels by manipulating both the sufficiency and complexity of the data (insufficient/complex, sufficient/complex, and sufficient/not complex). Participants generated hypotheses that might explain the observed fluctuations in the data, then received a comprehensive financial data set (that was identical for all groups) and were asked to identify the cause of the fluctuations. The results indicate that when auditors are initially exposed to more ambiguous information (either due to its insufficiency or complexity), they are less likely to ultimately identify the error causing the fluctuations, even though they have access to the same unambiguous information set prior to making their final judgments. Implications of these results for audit research and practice are discussed. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

Data Diagnostics Using Second-Order Tests of Benford's Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Nigrini ◽  
Steven J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Data ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Benford’S Law ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Benford's Law ◽  
Rounded Data ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Digit Frequencies

SUMMARY: Auditors are required to use analytical procedures to identify the existence of unusual transactions, events, and trends. Benford's Law gives the expected patterns of the digits in numerical data, and has been advocated as a test for the authenticity and reliability of transaction level accounting data. This paper describes a new second-order test that calculates the digit frequencies of the differences between the ordered (ranked) values in a data set. These digit frequencies approximate the frequencies of Benford's Law for most data sets. The second-order test is applied to four sets of transactional data. The second-order test detected errors in data downloads, rounded data, data generated by statistical procedures, and the inaccurate ordering of data. The test can be applied to any data set and nonconformity usually signals an unusual issue related to data integrity that might not have been easily detectable using traditional analytical procedures.

scholarly journals Experimental Evidence of Swell Signatures in Airborne L5/E5a GNSS-Reflectometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Francesc Munoz-Martin ◽  
Raul Onrubia ◽  
Daniel Pascual ◽  
Hyuk Park ◽  
Adriano Camps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Auto Correlation Function ◽  
Good Signal ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

As compared to GPS L1C/A signals, L5/E5a Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) improves the spatial resolution due to the narrower auto-correlation function. Furthermore, the larger transmitted power (+3 dB), and correlation gain (+10 dB) allow the reception of weaker reflected signals. If directive antennas are used, very short incoherent integration times are enough to achieve good signal-to-noise ratios, allowing the reception of multiple specular reflection points without the blurring induced by long incoherent integration times. This study presents for the first time experimental evidence of the wind and swell waves signatures in the GNSS-R waveforms, and it performs a statistical analysis, a time-domain analysis, and a frequency-domain analysis for a unique data set of waveforms collected by the UPC MIR instrument during a series of flights over the Bass Strait, Australia.

Communal Religious Practice and Support for Armed Parties

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Hoffman ◽  
Elizabeth R. Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sectarian Group ◽  
Sectarian Identity

Does religion inevitably promote support for militant politics? Using a new and unique data set compiled from a nationally representative survey in Lebanon, we examine the conditions under which communal religious practice may serve to promote support for or opposition to armed parties. We argue that this relationship, far from being unidirectional and consistent, depends on the interests of the individual sectarian group. For groups engaged in conflict, communal prayer may increase support for arming political parties. For noncombatant groups, however, religion tends to promote opposition to such militarization. Using both observational and experimental evidence, we demonstrate that communal religion increases the salience of group interests through both identity and informational mechanisms. For regular worship attenders, communal religious practice increases the salience of sectarian identity. For nonattenders, informational primes about sectarian interests have the same effect. Among noncombatant groups, this increased salience leads to opposition to armed parties whose presence would threaten the livelihoods and security of those on the sidelines.

scholarly journals Efficient Hair Damage Detection Using SEM Images Based on Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7333
Author(s):  
Qiaoyue Man ◽  
Lintong Zhang ◽  
Youngim Cho
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Degree Of Damage

With increasing interest in hairstyles and hair color, bleaching, dyeing, straightening, and curling hair is being widely used worldwide, and the chemical and physical treatment of hair is also increasing. As a result, hair has suffered a lot of damage, and the degree of damage to hair has been measured only by the naked eye or touch. This has led to serious consequences, such as hair damage and scalp diseases. However, although these problems are serious, there is little research on hair damage. With the advancement of technology, people began to be interested in preventing and reversing hair damage. Manual observation methods cannot accurately and quickly identify hair damage areas. In recent years, with the rise of artificial intelligence technology, a large number of applications in various scenarios have given researchers new methods. In the project, we created a new hair damage data set based on SEM (scanning electron microscope) images. Through various physical and chemical analyses, we observe the changes in the hair surface according to the degree of hair damage, found the relationship between them, used a convolutional neural network to recognize and confirm the degree of hair damage, and categorized the degree of damage into weak damage, moderate damage and high damage.

How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

Redox Reactions in Lipid Membranes as a Model for Primordial Energy-Conserving Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.

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