Contractile properties, transversal stiffness and cytoskeletal protein content in Mongolian gerbils soleus fibers under long-term hindlimb suspension

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

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Resistance exercise and growth hormone as countermeasures for skeletal muscle atrophy in hindlimb-suspended rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.2.r365 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 267 (2) ◽

pp. R365-R371 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. K. Linderman ◽

K. L. Gosselink ◽

F. W. Booth ◽

V. R. Mukku ◽

R. E. Grindeland

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Protein Content ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Myofibrillar Protein ◽

Hindlimb Suspension ◽

Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽

Plantar Flexor ◽

Fast Twitch

Unweighting of rat hindlimb muscles results in skeletal muscle atrophy, decreased protein synthesis, and reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion. Resistance exercise (ladder climbing) and GH treatment partially attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy in hypophysectomized hindlimb-suspended rats. It was hypothesized that a combination of multiple bouts of daily resistance exercise and GH (1 mg.kg-1.day-1) would prevent skeletal muscle atrophy in growing nonhypophysectomized hindlimb-suspended rats. Hindlimb suspension decreased the absolute (mg/pair) and relative (mg/100 g body wt) weights of the soleus, a slow-twitch plantar flexor, by 30 and 21%, respectively, and the absolute and relative weights of the gastrocnemius, a predominantly fast-twitch plantar flexor, by 20 and 11%, respectively (P < 0.05). Exercise did not increase soleus mass but attenuated loss of relative wet weight in the gastrocnemius muscles of hindlimb-suspended rats (P < 0.05). Hindlimb suspension decreased gastrocnemius myofibrillar protein content and synthesis (mg/day) by 26 and 64%, respectively (P < 0.05). The combination of exercise and GH attenuated loss of gastrocnemius myofibrillar protein content and synthesis by 70 and 23%, respectively (P < 0.05). Results of the present investigation indicate that a combination of GH and resistance exercise attenuates atrophy of unweighted fast-twitch skeletal muscles.

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The significance of Gerta Vrbová's low-frequency stimulation experiment

European Journal of Translational Myology ◽

10.4081/ejtm.2020.9585 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dirk Pette

Keyword(s):

Low Frequency ◽

Basic Research ◽

Contractile Properties ◽

Scientific Cooperation ◽

Low Frequency Stimulation ◽

Slow Twitch Muscle ◽

Frequency Stimulation ◽

Time Courses ◽

Fast Twitch

An inspiring scientific cooperation has come to an end, when Gerta Vrbová, an internationally renowned researcher in the field of neuromuscular interactions, passed away on October 2, 2020. Comparative EMG studies had led Gerta to suggest that different contractile properties of fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers relate to specific firing patterns of their motoneurones. In support of her hypothesis, long term stimulation of fast-twitch muscles with a stimulus pattern resembling that of slow motoneurones, were shown to induce a pronounced fast-to-slow shift in contractile properties. In our cooperation which started in 1970, and also in cooperation with others, Gerta's experiment proved to be an ideal model for the study of neurally controlled changes in phenotype characteristics at various levels of molecular and cellular organization, their time courses and ranges. It has become most important in basic research on the adaptive potential or plasticity of muscle.

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Researches Regarding the Crop Rotation and Irrigation Influences on Protein Content of the Wheat Grains in the Crişurilor Plain Conditions

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:3707 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ileana ARDELEAN

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

Soybean Crop ◽

Term Trial

The paper based on the researches carried out during 2006-2008 in the long term trial placed in 1990 on the preluvosoil from Oradea. Three kind of crop rotation (wheat – monocrop; wheat – maize; wheat – maize – soybean) were studied in unirrigated and irrigated conditions. The smallest content of the protein from wheat grains were registered in the wheat monocrop both nonirrigated and irrigated variant. In the wheat-maize and wheat-maize-soybean crop rotation the values registered were significant statistically bigger than in wheat monocrop. Irrigation determined the decrease of the protein content.

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Effect of NPK fertilization on the yield and yield stability of different maize genotypes

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/48/2462 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 101-104

Author(s):

Ágnes Krivián ◽

Mihály Sárvári

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Starch Content ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Dry Period ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Long Term Experiment

The yielding capacity and quality parameters of 11 maize hybrids were studied in 2011 on calcareous chernozem soil in a 25-year long-term fertilization experiment in the control (without fertilization), in the base treatment of N 40 kg ha-1, P2O5 25 kg ha-1, K2O 30 kg ha-1 and in five treatments which were the multiplied doses of the base treatment. The N fertilizer was applied in the autumn and in the spring, while P and K fertilizers were applied in the autumn.The sowing time was 17–18 April, the time of harvest was 8 October. The 30-year average of precipitation (April–Sept) was 345.1 mm, the amount of precipitation did not differ greatly from that, however, its distribution was very unfavourable.It was found that the largest yield increment (as compared to the control) was in the treatment N 40 kg ha-1, P2O5 25 kg ha-1, K2O 30 kg ha-1 in the long-term experiment. The largest yields were obtained for the hybrids P9494, PR37N01 and PR35F38 (13.64–13.71 t ha-1). Due to the dry period at the end of the summer – beginning of autumn, the grain moisture content at harvest was favourably low, 12–18% depending on the treatment and the growing season. The N fertilization significantly increased the protein content of the kernel, but the starch content of the kernel decreased (significantly in several cases) with increasing fertilizer doses and yields as compared with the control.The highest protein content was measured in hybrids GK Boglár and Szegedi 386. The oil content was above 4% for GK Boglár, but the two hybrids were not among the best yielding hybrids in spite of their good inner content. The starch content was around 75 % without fertilization, it decreased with fertilization.For the tested hybrids, the fertilizer dose N 120 kg ha-1, P2O5 75 kg ha-1, K2O 90 kg ha-1 can be recommended with respect to efficacy and environmental considerations.

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PWE-062 Long-term infection ofHelicobacter pylori48GX, and output strains 12.2 and 12.3, results in hypergastrinaemia, gastric carcinoids and dysplasia in Mongolian gerbils

Gut ◽

10.1136/gut.2009.208983f ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A109.2-A110

Author(s):

C Duval ◽

K Bransfield ◽

M M Walker ◽

A Varro ◽

P A Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mongolian Gerbils ◽

Gastric Carcinoids

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Transient enhancement of GLUT-4 levels in rat epitrochlearis muscle after exercise training

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2240 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 2240-2245 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Thomas H. Reynolds ◽

Joseph T. Brozinick ◽

Lisa M. Larkin ◽

Samuel W. Cushman

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Protein Content ◽

Glucose Transport ◽

Skeletal Muscles ◽

Transport Activity ◽

Short Term ◽

Glut 4 ◽

Glucose Transport System ◽

Female Wistar Rats

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of detraining on the glucose transport system after short-term swim training (5 days), long-term swim training (5 wk), and treadmill run training (5 wk). Skeletal muscles were isolated from female Wistar rats at 24 or 48 h posttraining. SST produces a 48% increase in GLUT-4 mRNA, a 30% increase in GLUT-4 protein, and a 60% increase in insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity at 24 h posttraining but not at 48 h posttraining. Similar to SST, long-term swim training produces a 60% increase in GLUT-4 mRNA and a 30% increase in GLUT-4 protein content at 24 h posttraining but not at 48 h posttraining. Finally, treadmill run training produces a transient 35% increase in GLUT-4 protein content that is completely reversed at 48 h after the last bout of exercise. These results demonstrate that the increase in GLUT-4 mRNA and GLUT-4 protein occurs during the first week of exercise training and is rapidly lost after training cessation. We believe that the transient enhancement in GLUT-4 protein after exercise training is due to a short GLUT-4 half-life, a process that is primarily regulated by pretranslational mechanisms.

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Long-term (6-wk) hindlimb suspension inhibits spermatogenesis in adult male rats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00931.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 1191-1198 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Joseph S. Tash ◽

Donald C. Johnson ◽

George C. Enders

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Inguinal Canal ◽

Space Station ◽

Male Rats ◽

Hindlimb Suspension ◽

Spermatogenic Cells ◽

Cage Floor ◽

Seminal Vesicle Weight ◽

The Impact

The International Space Station will allow extended habitation in space and long-term exposure to microgravity (μG). A concern is the impact of long-term μG exposure on the ability of species to reproduce. The model often used to simulate μG is rat hindlimb suspension (HLS), where the hindlimbs are elevated above the cage floor with a tail harness. Experiments described here are the first to examine the effect of long-term HLS on testicular function in adult male rats. Free-roaming (controls), animals with only the tail harnessed but hindlimbs in contact with the cage floor (TO), and HLS animals were tested for 6 wk. Cryptorchidism was prevented in TO and HLS animals by partial constriction of the inguinal canal with sutures. All parameters were compared at the end of the 6-wk experiment. Testicular weights and spermatogenesis were significantly reduced by HLS, such that no spermatogenic cells beyond round spermatids were present and epididymides were devoid of mature sperm. In many tubules, loss of all germ cells, except a few spermatogonia, resulting in histopathology similar to the Sertoli cell, was observed. Spermatogenesis appeared unaffected in control and TO animals. Sertoli and Leydig cell appearance, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and epididymal and seminal vesicle weight were unchanged by HLS. Cortisone was not elevated by HLS; thus stress may not be a factor. These results demonstrate that spermatogenesis is severely inhibited by long-term HLS, whereas testicular androgen production is not. These results have significant implications regarding serious effects of long-term exposure to μG on the reproductive capability of scrotal mammals, including humans.

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