Optimization of the operating conditions of fuel oil combustion in the furnaces of large-capacity boilers

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Zroichikov ◽  
M. G. Lyskov ◽  
V. B. Prokhorov ◽  
E. A. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Large Capacity

scholarly journals Oxidative Extractive Desulfurization System for Fuel Oil Using Acidic Eutectic-Based Ionic Liquid

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Sarrthesvaarni Rajasuriyan ◽  
Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid ◽  
Mohd Faridzuan Majid ◽  
Raihan Mahirah Ramli ◽  
Khairulazhar Jumbri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Desulfurization Process

The biggest challenge faced in oil refineries is the removal of sulfur compounds in fuel oil. The sulfur compounds which are found in fuel oil such as gasoline and diesel, react with oxygen in the atmosphere to produce sulfur oxide (SOx) gases when combusted. These sulfur compounds produced from the reaction with oxygen in the atmosphere may result in various health problems and environmental effects. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the conventional process used to remove sulfur compounds from fuel oil. However, the high operating conditions required for this process and its inefficiency in removing the organosulfur compounds turn to be the major drawbacks of this system. Researchers have also studied several alternatives to remove sulfur from fuel oil. The use of ionic liquids (ILs) has also drawn the interest of researchers to incorporate them in the desulfurization process. The environmental effects resulting from the use of these ILs can be eliminated using eutectic-based ionic liquids (EILs), which are known as greener solvents. In this research, a combination of extractive desulfurization (EDS) and oxidative desulfurization (ODS) using a photocatalyst and EIL was studied. The photocatalyst used is a pre-reported catalyst, Cu-Fe/TiO2 and the EIL were synthesized by mixing choline chloride (ChCl) with organic acids. The acids used for the EILs were propionic acid (PA) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA). The EILs synthesized were characterized using thermogravimetry analyser (TGA) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis to determine the physical properties of the EILs. Based on the TGA analysis, ChCl (1): PA (3) obtained the highest thermal stability whereas, as for the DSC analysis, all synthesized EILs have a lower melting point than its pure component. Further evaluation on the best EIL for the desulfurization process was carried out in a photo-reactor under UV light in the presence of Cu-Fe/TiO2 photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Once the oxidation and extraction process were completed, the oil phase of the mixture was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the sulfur removal efficiency. In terms of the desulfurization efficiency, the EIL of ChCl (1): TSA (2) showed a removal efficiency of about 99.07%.

Fuel-Composition Effects on High-Temperature Corrosion in Industrial/Commercial Boilers and Furnaces: A Review

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bellan ◽  
S. Elghobashi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Batch Distillation ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Initial Fuel ◽  
Trace Compounds ◽  
Ignition And Combustion

In this review, literature relevant to the problems of deposits and corrosion in industrial/commercial furnaces and boilers is analyzed, and the facts are synthesized into a picture that addresses corrosion problems expected with the use of unconventional fuels. Corrosion is found to depend greatly on the phenomena occurring during the combustion of fuel-oil sprays introduced into the furnace. In a first step, the drops that form the spray heat up and evaporate in a way that closely resembles a batch distillation process. Eventually, ignition and combustion occur with the subsequent change of the liquid fuel drops into carbonaceous, porous, sphere-like particles called cenospheres. In a second step, these cenospheres burn and the products of this combustion step determine the majority of the deposits on metal surfaces. This observation is very important since nonvolatile, non-combustible, corrosive trace compounds existing in the initial fuel-oil drop will have a much higher concentration in the cenosphere than in the original fuel. Accordingly, it is recommended that the theoretical and experimental study of oil spray combustion, cenosphere formation, and cenosphere combustion in a cloud of cenospheres receive a very high priority. Corrosion by gases is found to be unimportant. Deposits are found to be much more corrosive when in liquid form, although corrosion by solid deposits is by no means negligible. As a result, it is suggested in the study that corrosion on highly polished metal surfaces should be studied in order to evaluate the potential of this method of inhibiting deposition and thus hindering corrosion. Recent advances in the theory of deposition from combustion gases are also outlined in this study. The literature survey shows that the main corrosion-causing fuel constituents present in unconventional fuels are sulfur, alkali, vanadium, carbon and carbon monoxide, iron, and chloride. It is found that sometimes one of these compounds might act as a catalyst in corrosive reactions initiated by another compound, and therefore great care must be taken to identify the corrosion-causing compound in the deposits on metal surfaces. It is also found that in some cases a corrosive compound will inhibit the corrosive action of another corrosive compound. It is recommended that such situations be studied further so as to investigate the possibility of an optimum concentration of two such corrosive compounds that would minimize metal wastage. The problem of performing meaningful corrosion experiments is also addressed in this report and specific recommendations are made to achieve this goal. Finally, the effects of additives and the furnace operating conditions are discussed, and potential problems with both additives and new operating conditions are mentioned. The recommendations at the end of this study present a comprehensive set of areas to be investigated in order to better understand and be able to mitigate corrosion problems associated with unconventional fuels. High-priority experimental and theoretical studies are also outlined.

Modeling and Performance Analysis of Combined-Cycle Based Ship Power Plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 1240-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zeng ◽  
Xiao Ling Zhao ◽  
Jun Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Simulation Performance

For combined-cycle power plant performance analysis, a ship power plant mathematical model is developed, including diesel engine, controllable pitch propeller, exhaust gas boiler, turbine generator and shaft generator models. The simulation performance characteristic curves of diesel engine under various loads are given. Comparison of simulation results and experimental data shows the model can well predict the performance of diesel engine in various operating conditions. The specific fuel oil consumption contours of combined-cycle power plant and the relations between engine operating conditions and steam cycle parameters are given. The influence of diesel engine operating conditions to the overall performance of combined-cycle power plant is discussed.

scholarly journals Optimization of Bio-oil Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches by Pyrolysis using Response Surface Methodology

REAKTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo ◽  
Bayu Aji Pratama ◽  
Dhea Putri Safira
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Bio Oil

The need for fuel oil continues to increase in line with the increasing number of human populations and the growth rate of dependence on fuel oil. Bio-oil is a condensed-liquid mixture that results from the thermal derivation of biomass containing hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose. This research developed an optimization of the operation condition of bio-oil from empty palm fruit bunches (OPEFB) using a modified pyrolysis reactor. The temperature and mass of empty palm fruit bunches were the two parameters considered in this study. Optimization was carried out on process parameters using the surface response methodology (RSM) and variance analysis (ANOVA). The significance of the different parameters and the effect of the relationship between parameters on the bio-oil yield is determined using a full factorial central composite design. The optimal operation condition of pyrolysis was found to be 570.71 oC, and the mass of empty palm fruit bunch 420.71 gr. Predictions from the optimum variable of operating conditions produce a bio-oil yield of 5.58%. The actual bio-oil yield on the optimum condition that was be validated is 5.6 %. The chemical composition of bio-oil obtained was evaluated by GCMS to ensure its characterization as a fuel.Keywords: Empty palm fruit bunches, Bio-oil, Pyrolysis, Response Surface Methodology, Optimization

Utilization of Tea Tree Branches as a Source of Thermal Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Rudi Firyanto ◽  
Heru Susanto ◽  
Retno S.L. Ambarwati ◽  
Suherman ◽  
Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Gasification Technology

Energy has an important role in the survival of the tea processing industry. The costs for energy generation and application have a large contribution to the total cost of the tea processing. The use of fuel oil and electricity, especially in the drying process is the biggest energy user stage. In line with the development of Indonesia's tea processing industry, it is felt necessary to immediately utilize the source of biomass in tea plantations through the application of gasification technology. The development of tea processing in the future should pay more attention to aspects of energy and the environment as the main discussion. This study aims to examine the development of gasification technology in converting biomass as thermal energy to meet gas quality in the tea drying process. The hypothesis is that through the gasification biomass technology of tea plantations, will produce gas as thermal energy that meets the quality of the tea drying process. The target to be achieved is in the form of laboratory technical data for the design, operation of the process, scale-up and evaluation of the performance of the gasifier which includes flame propagation, simulation of combustion and optimum operating conditions with temperature process variables, air flow rate and gas products, tea biomass capacity, and the length of the gasification process.

Development and Application of Trim Optimization and Parametric Study Using an Evaluation System (SoLuTion) Based on the RANS for Improvement of EEOI

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisun Lee ◽  
Seonoh Yoo ◽  
Sangkyu Choi ◽  
Heetaek Kim ◽  
Chunbeom Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Optimum Shape ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
System Solution

In general, the speed power performance of ships is optimized for design speed and draught in accordance with the contract condition. But, the contract condition may not be always the same as the actual operating condition. Therefore, in order to reduce the fuel consumption practically, it is necessary to optimize the performance under various conditions considering the actual voyage. This is the reason that the trim optimization covering various operating profiles becomes the main issue in reducing fuel oil consumption. In this paper, a numerical study is carried out to optimize trim conditions through the computational evaluation system called SoLuTion developed by Samsung Heavy Industries Co. (SHI) with variation in draught, ship speed and voyage trim. In order to get more accurate results in resistance and self-propulsion performance, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations including Volume of the Fluid (VOF) method by Hirt and Nichols (1981) for free-surface boundary condition and moving mesh technique for propeller rotation effect are employed as governing equations. Reynolds Stresses Model (RSM) with the wall function is applied as a turbulence model for turbulent flow computation. Through this study, the followings are the main three factors to be considered in evaluation of the quantitatively accurate speed performance by varying the draught, speed and voyage trim. First, the distance from hull surface to the first grid point should be adjusted to eliminate the effects of frictional resistance. Second, the grid system should be generated to avoid the grid dependency on variation of draught. Finally, the running trim and sinkage of the voyage conditions should be considered. The results of the trim optimization performed numerically are well-matched with the towing test results conducted at Samsung Ship Model Basin(SSMB). As the results of this study, it is confirmed that SoLuTion is a useful and efficient tool for trim optimization and the provided optimum trim will be able to contribute to fuel savings under the operating conditions. From trim optimization study, it is found that there is certain level of effects due to the bulb and transom immersion to find the optimum trim condition. Also SoLuTion is applicable not only to trim optimization but also to parametric studies in optimum shape of the ships considering the actual operating profile.

scholarly journals Pipeline Design Software and the Simulation of Liquid Propane/Butane - Light Oils Pipeline Operations

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Peters
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Products Pipeline ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Propane Butane

A comprehensive and integrated suite of computer software routines has been developed to simulate the flow of liquids in pipelines. The fluid properties module accommodates Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids or mixtures including corrections for changes in properties with temperature and pressure. The hydraulic model calculates pressure drop in single or looped pipelines based on the diameter, route (length) and profile data provided. For multi-product pipelines the hydraulics module estimates energy loss for any sequence of batches given the size and fluid properties of each batch, and the velocity in the pipeline. When the characteristics of existing or proposed pipeline pumps are included, location and size of pumps can be optimized. The effect of heat loss on pressure drop is predicted by invoking the module which calculates the fluid temperature profile based on operating conditions, fluid properties, pipe and insulation conductivity and soil heat transfer data. Modules, created to simulate heater or cooler operations, can be incorporated to compensate for changes in temperature. Input data and calculated results can be presented in a format customized by the user. The simulation software has been successfully applied to multi-product, fuel oil, and non-Newtonian emulsion pipelines. The simulation and operation of a refinery products pipeline for the transportation of propane, butane, gasoline, jet and diesel batches will be discussed. The impact of high vapour pressure batches (i.e., propane and butane) on the operation of the pipeline and on the upstream and downstream facilities will be examined in detail.

scholarly journals STOCHASTIC MODEL OF SEPARATION PROCESS OF COMPLEX HETEROGENEOUS DISPERSION SYSTEMS IN CENTRIFUGES WITH RADIAL-AXIAL FLOW

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Gennadiy Petrovich Kicha ◽  
Andrei Veniaminovich Nadezkin ◽  
Liudmila Anatolievna Semeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Centrifugal Field ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
Random Forces ◽  
Dispersion Systems

The article describes separation processes in apparatus with complex hydrodynamic conditions. The new approach to the theoretical study consists in taking into account the action of the centrifugal field and the field of random forces, as it was implemented earlier for the simplest structures, but also in a detailed examination of the radial and axial flows. The movement of particles is investigated in the cramped conditions of precipitation during their interaction with each other. The processes of separation in centrifugal devices of various types have been identified, subject to stochasticity, constrained movement of a set of real particles and the possibility of their dispersion and coagulation. The combined deterministic and stochastic effects on the dispersed phase in a centrifugal field are described by means of a differential equation, the solution of which makes it possible to calculate the fractional and total centrifugation efficiency with high accuracy. A semi-analytical method has been developed and implemented for one-and two-dimensional stochastic models for the approximate solution of non-stationary centrifugal boundary value problems. Compared to difference schemes Faedo-Galerkin method gives the solution of equation systems with a smaller number of unknowns defined in all values of the arguments. The use of the method is possible only in the case of homogeneous boundary conditions and is limited by the possibility of selecting a complete system of functions that would satisfy them. The proposed approach to identification of refining fuels and lubricants is preferable since it fully reflects the essence of the processes occurring in centrifuges with a radial-axial flow. Generalization of stochastic effects on centrifugation, taking into account the hydrodynamic features of the flow of shared media in a centrifugal field, allows calculating all indicators of cleaning fuels and oils from mechanical impurities without model experiments, predicting the total and fractional efficiency of fuel oil filters and oil filters of the internal combustion engines. The developed identification method of separating complex dispersed systems is aimed at the synthesis of systems and devices for oil purification and fuel oil preparation of increased efficiency with predetermined parameters of purification quality in operating conditions.

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