A Building Block Approach to Monofluorinated Organic Compounds

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1553-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Konev ◽  
Alexander F. Khlebnikov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Pericyclic Reactions ◽  
Fluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Block Approach

Building blocks for the synthesis of monofluorinated organic compounds are reviewed. The synthetic potential of polyhalomethanes, sulfur- and phosphorus-containing building blocks, difluoroethene, polyhaloethanes, fluoroacetic acid derivatives, and other compounds are described. Pericyclic reactions involving fluorinated compounds and application of the methodology of building blocks to the synthesis of monofluorinated pharmaceuticals and analogs of natural compounds are considered. The review with 317 references covers mainly the literature from 1996 through 2007.

Conceptual Synthesis of Compliance at a Single Point

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kim ◽  
Yong-Mo Moon ◽  
Sridhar Kota
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Compliant Mechanism ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Geometry Optimization ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Kinematic Behavior ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Block Approach

In this paper, we investigate a methodology for the conceptual synthesis of compliance at a single point based on a building block approach. The methodology lays the foundation for more general compliant mechanism synthesis problems involving multiple points of interest (i.e. inputs and outputs). In the building block synthesis, the problem specifications are decomposed into related sub-problems if a single building block cannot perform the desired task. The sub-problems are tested against the library of building blocks until a suitable building block is determined. The synthesized design is composed of an assembly of the building blocks to provide the desired functionality. The building block approach is intuitive and provides key insight into how individual building blocks contribute to the overall function. We investigate the basic kinematic behavior of individual building blocks and relate this to the behavior of a design composed of building blocks. This serves to not only generate viable solutions but also to augment the understanding of the designer. Once a feasible concept is thus generated, known methods for size and geometry optimization may be employed to fine tune performance. The key enabler of the building block synthesis is the method of capturing kinematic behavior using Compliance Ellipsoids. The mathematical model of the compliance ellipsoids facilitates the characterization of the building blocks, transformation of problem specifications, decomposition into sub-problems, and the ability to search for alternate solutions. The compliance ellipsoids also give insight into how individual building blocks contribute to the overall kinematic function. The effectiveness and generality of the methodology are demonstrated through a synthesis example. Using only a limited set of building blocks, the methodology is capable of addressing generic kinematic problem specifications.

scholarly journals Synthesis of homo- and heteromultivalent carbohydrate-functionalized oligo(amidoamines) using novel glyco-building blocks

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2395-2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Wojcik ◽  
Sinaida Lel ◽  
Alexander G O’Brien ◽  
Peter H Seeberger ◽  
Laura Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Monomer Sequence ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Block Approach

We present the solid phase synthesis of carbohydrate-functionalized oligo(amidoamines) with different functionalization patterns utilizing a novel alphabet of six differently glycosylated building blocks. Highly efficient in flow conjugation of thioglycosides to a double-bond presenting diethylentriamine precursor is the key step to prepare these building blocks suitable for fully automated solid-phase synthesis. Introduction of the sugar ligands via functionalized building blocks rather than postfunctionalization of the oligomeric backbone allows for the straightforward synthesis of multivalent glycoligands with full control over monomer sequence and functionalization pattern. We demonstrate the potential of this building-block approach by synthesizing oligomers with different numbers and spacing of carbohydrates and also show the feasibility of heteromultivalent glycosylation patterns by combining building blocks presenting different mono- and disaccharides.

Functional Characterization of Compliant Building Blocks Utilizing Eigentwists and Eigenwrenches

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Compliant Mechanism ◽  
Deformable Body ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Block Approach

Compliant mechanisms are devices which utilize the flexibility of their constituent members to transmit motion and forces. Unlike their rigid body counterparts, compliant mechanisms typically contain no traditional joints. The focus of this research is the development of a building block approach for the synthesis of compliant mechanisms. Building block methods better facilitate the augmentation of designer intuition while offering a systematic approach to open-ended problems. In this paper, we investigate the use of the eigentwists and eigenwrenches of a deformable body to characterize basic kinematic function. The eigentwists and eigenwrenches are shown to demonstrate parametric behavior when applied to the compliant dyad building block, and in special cases may be compared to compliance ellipsoids. The paper concludes by articulating future research in a building block approach to compliant mechanism synthesis.

A Building Block Approach to the Conceptual Synthesis of Compliant Mechanisms Utilizing Compliance and Stiffness Ellipsoids

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Kim ◽  
Yong-Mo Moon ◽  
Sridhar Kota
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Compliant Mechanism ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Rapid Prototype ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Kinematic Behavior ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Block Approach

In this paper, we investigate a methodology for the conceptual synthesis of compliant mechanisms based on a building block approach. The building block approach is intuitive and provides key insight into how individual building blocks contribute to the overall function. We investigate the basic kinematic behavior of individual building blocks and relate this to the behavior of a design composed of building blocks. This serves to not only generate viable solutions but also to augment the understanding of the designer. Once a feasible concept is thus generated, known methods for size and geometry optimization may be employed to fine-tune performance. The key enabler of the building block synthesis is the method of capturing kinematic behavior using compliance ellipsoids. The mathematical model of the compliance ellipsoids facilitates the characterization of the building blocks, transformation of problem specifications, decomposition into subproblems, and the ability to search for alternate solutions. The compliance ellipsoids also give insight into how individual building blocks contribute to the overall kinematic function. The effectiveness and generality of the methodology are demonstrated through two synthesis examples. Using only a limited set of building blocks, the methodology is capable of addressing generic kinematic problem specifications for compliance at a single point and for a single-input, single-output compliant mechanism. A rapid prototype of the latter demonstrates the validity of the conceptual solution.

scholarly journals Using the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) Building Block Approach to Implement System Evaluation Theory (SET)

2021 ◽  
pp. 109821402098661
Author(s):  
Ralph Renger ◽  
Jessica Renger ◽  
Marc D. Basson ◽  
Richard N. Van Eck ◽  
Jirina Renger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
System Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Evaluation Program ◽  
Support Set ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Block Approach

This article shares lessons learned in applying system evaluation theory (SET) to evaluate a Clinical and Translational Research Center (CTR) funded by the National Institutes of Health. After describing how CTR support cores are intended to work interdependently as a system, the case is made for SET as the best fit for evaluating this evaluand. The article then details how the evaluation was also challenged to facilitate a CTR culture shift, helping support cores to move from working autonomously to working together and understanding how the cores’ individual operating processes impact each other. This was achieved by incorporating the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) building block approach to implement SET. Each of the seven HSEEP building blocks is examined for alignment with each of SET’s three steps and the ability to systematically support the goal of moving CTR cores toward working interdependently. The implications of using HSEEP to support SET implementation for future evaluations are discussed.

ChemInform Abstract: A Building Block Approach to Monofluorinated Organic Compounds

ChemInform ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Konev ◽  
Alexander F. Khlebnikov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Block Approach

scholarly journals 1,3-Cyclohexadien-1-Als: Synthesis, Reactivity and Bioactivities

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Ignacio E. Tobal ◽  
Rocío Bautista ◽  
David Diez ◽  
Narciso M. Garrido ◽  
Pilar García-García
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Electron Withdrawing Group

In synthetic organic chemistry, there are very useful basic compounds known as building blocks. One of the main reactions wherein they are applied for the synthesis of complex molecules is the Diels–Alder cycloaddition. This reaction is between a diene and a dienophile. Among the most important dienes are the cyclic dienes, as they facilitate the reaction. This review considers the synthesis and reactivity of one of these dienes with special characteristics—it is cyclic and has an electron withdrawing group. This building block has been used for the synthesis of biologically active compounds and is present in natural compounds with interesting properties.

PLASMA-AIDED NANOFABRICATION: "PLASMA-BUILDING BLOCK" APPROACH

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
KEN OSTRIKOV ◽  
SHUYAN XU
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Plasma Diagnostics ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Semiconductor Quantum Dots ◽  
Ab Initio Simulation ◽  
Nanostructured Surfaces ◽  
Block Approach

Unique features and benefits of the plasma-aided nanofabrication are considered by using the "plasma-building block" approach, which is based on plasma diagnostics and nanofilm characterization, cross-referenced by numerical simulation of generation and dynamics of building blocks in the gas phase, their interaction with nanostructured surfaces, and ab initio simulation of chemical structure of relevant nanoassemblies. The examples include carbon nanotip microemitter structures, semiconductor quantum dots and nanowires synthesized in the integrated plasma-aided nanofabrication facility.

An Instant Center Approach to the Conceptual Design of Compliant Mechanisms

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Kim ◽  
Sridhar Kota ◽  
Yong-Mo Moon
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Geometry Optimization ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Rigid Body Model ◽  
Base Mechanism ◽  
Block Approach

The conceptual design of compliant mechanisms is generally performed using one of two methods: topology optimization or the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model. In this paper, we present a conceptual design methodology which utilizes a building block approach. The concept of the instant center is developed for compliant mechanisms and is used to characterize the building blocks. The building block characterization is used in guiding the problem decomposition. The compliant four-bar building block is presented as a base mechanism for the conceptual design. The geometric advantage is used as a quantitative measure to guide the designer in determining the shape of the building block. An example problem demonstrates the methodology’s capacity to obtain viable conceptual designs in a straightforward manner. Resulting mechanisms satisfy initial kinematic requirements and are ready for further refinement using size and geometry optimization.

A Building Block Approach to Genetic Programming for Rule Discovery

Data Mining ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 174-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries P. Engelbrecht ◽  
L. Schoeman ◽  
Sonja Rouwhorst
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Rule Discovery ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Block Approach

Genetic programming has recently been used successfully to extract knowledge in the form of IF-THEN rules. For these genetic programming approaches to knowledge extraction from data, individuals represent decision trees. The main objective of the evolutionary process is therefore to evolve the best decision tree, or classifier, to describe the data. Rules are then extracted, after convergence, from the best individual. The current genetic programming approaches to evolve decision trees are computationally complex, since individuals are initialized to complete decision trees. This chapter discusses a new approach to genetic programming for rule extraction, namely the building block approach. This approach starts with individuals consisting of only one building block, and adds new building blocks during the evolutionary process when the simplicity of the individuals cannot account for the complexity in the underlying data. Experimental results are presented and compared with that of C4.5 and CN2. The chapter shows that the building block approach achieves very good accuracies compared to that of C4.5 and CN2. It is also shown that the building block approach extracts substantially less rules.

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