scholarly journals AB0876-HPR NEUROFEEDBACK AND TEMPERATURE BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING IMPROVE MIRCOCIRCULATION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1461.2-1462
Author(s):  
R. Grekhoff
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Nailfold Capillaroscopy ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control

Background:Microcirculatory disorders including Raynaud’s phenomenon are one of the most important clinical symptoms of systemic sclerosis (SS).Objectives:We found it appropriate to evaluate the clinical efficacy of biofeedback (BFB) in the complex therapy of SS patients based on analysis of nailfold capillaroscopy.Methods:The study included 70 SS patients. 94% of patients we examined were women and 6% were men. The average age of the patients = 38±3,3 years, duration of illness = 14±2,6 years. Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) was observed in all the patients and its severe form was seen in 80% of the patients. The effectiveness of BFB was analyzed by studying the dynamics of the measures from the nailfold capillaroscopy and comparing the data obtained from patients of the main and control groups.Results:Dynamics of capillaroscopic signs of therapy efficiency in main and control groups are summarized in the table:Analized signsMain group (n=40)Control group (n=30)before thetherapyafter thetherapybefore thetherapyafter thetherapySkin score, M±SD22,56±10,2414,99±9,44*21,04±12,0120,01±9,88Dilation of the capillaries, %34 (85)16 (40)*24 (80)17 (56,6)Avascular fields, %26 (65)24 (60)13 (43,3)17 (56,6)Morphological capillaries’ changes, %36 (90)22 (55)*22 (73,3)10 (33.3)*Hemorrhage, %25 (62,5)10 (25)*12 (40)7 (23.3)*- p < 0,05It was found that patients participated in BFB training, showed significant positive dynamics in the following signs of capillaroscopic picture: dilatation of the capillaries (x2 = 9,643; p = 0,026), morphological changes of the capillaries (x2 = 4,90; p = 0,027), and hemorrhage (x2 = 4,514; p = 0,034).Only one indicator of capillaroscopy showed significant change in the control group of patients, the presence of dilated capillaries (x2 = 5,833 with p = 0,016).Conclusion:These findings suggest that treatment results were significantly better in the main study group of SS patients.We suggest that biofeedback may be a useful adjunctive treatment for Raynaud’s syndrome in patients with SS.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The effects of a single carbon dioxide and hot water hand bath on acral perfusion in systemic sclerosis: A randomized, clinical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-162
Author(s):  
Uwe Lange ◽  
Stephanie Bogensperger ◽  
Ingo H Tarner ◽  
Ulf Müller-Ladner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Vasoactive Medication ◽  
Secondary Raynaud’S Phenomenon

Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon is the most common manifestation of systemic sclerosis, affecting more than 99% of systemic sclerosis patients, and a major cause of morbidity. Frequent and prolonged secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon attacks not only cause severe discomfort and pain but also ischemic acral tissue damage. In addition to vasoactive drugs, carbon dioxide (CO2) hand bath and hot water bath are potential non-pharmacological treatment options which can be self-administered by affected patients at any time. In order to compare the efficacy of these two physical measures, this randomized, clinical study evaluated the effects of a single CO2 hand bath in patients with systemic sclerosis and secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon and a healthy control group versus a single hot water hand bath on acral perfusion in systemic sclerosis by Doppler ultrasonography. None of the patients had currently digital ulcers, a vasoactive medication or a concomitant vascular disease. CO2 immersion induced an acute hemodynamic response, whereas hot water immersion had no significant effect on acral perfusion in systemic sclerosis.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CARDIAC AUTONOMIC FUNCTION WITH HOLTER ECG MONITORING IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Lucian Muresan ◽  
◽  
Ana Petcu ◽  
Crina Muresan ◽  
Cristina Pamfil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Holter Ecg ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction

Purpose. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is frequently encountered among patients with systemic sclerosis. Its presence correlates with potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias, having a good positive predictive value for mortality. The aim of this paper was to identify cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with systemic sclerosis using Holter ECG monitoring and to assess the possible correlations between its presence and other disease characteristics. Material and methods. Forty nine patients with diffuse cutaneous and limited cutaneous scleroderma, diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology/EULAR 2013 criteria underwent ECG, transthoracic echocardiography, blood sample testing, chest X-ray and spirometry. Subsequently, all patients and a control group of 49 healthy subjects underwent Holter ECG monitoring with time and frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Results. Scleroderma patients had significantly lower HRV values compared to controls: SDNN (123 ± 39.4 vs. 143.2 ± 32, p =0.001), SDANN (137.2 ± 34.9 vs. 127.9 ± 25.7, p=0.001), TI (-) (30.6 ± 9.6 vs. 38.1 ± 8.9, p=0.01) and TINN (758.8 ± 208 vs. 815.1 ± 138, p=0.04). The LF/HF ratio was significantly higher among patients with diffuse scleroderma (1.18 ± 0.34 vs. 1.08 ± 0.43, p= 0.005). There was a positive correlation between the TI values, SDANN and the duration from the onset of Raynaud’s phenomenon (r=0.399, p=0.016) (r=0.419, p=0.011), between the SDANN values and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) values (0.032, p=0.034) and a negative correlation between the LF/HF values and the patients’ age (r=-0.442, p=0.001), the duration from the onset of non-Raynaud’s phenomenon (r=-0.395, p=0.034), echocardiographic value of sPAP(r=-0.330, p=0.035) and the total number of premature ventricular contractions (r=-0.0459, p=0.001). Conclusion. Patients with systemic sclerosis often have cardiac autonomic dysfunction, which can be diagnosed with Holter ECG monitoring.

scholarly journals Investigation of autonomic dysfunction in primary Raynaud’s phenomenon with sympathetic skin response (SSR), R-R interval variation (RRIV) and composite autonomic symptom score (COMPASS)-31

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-698
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Sicim ◽  
Özgür Boyraz ◽  
Ertan Demirdas ◽  
Hakan Kartal ◽  
Gökhan Erol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Sympathetic Skin Response ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
And Control

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the autonomic dysfunction in patients with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon with using sympathetic skin response (SSR) as a neurophysiologic test, R-R interval variation analysis and composite autonomic symptom score (COMPASS)-31 questionnaire. Methods: Palmar SSR to median nerve electrical stimulation was recorded in 38 patients with 36 healthy age and sex-matched control subjects. The SSR was recorded from the palmar surface of both left and right hands for patients and control groups. The amplitudes and latencies formed as a result of electrical stimulation were calculated and compared between the two groups. Additionally, R-R interval variability was examined during normal breathing, deep breathing, standing up and Valsalva maneuver in both groups. Furthermore, we asked to complete the COMPASS-31 questionnaire, a validated tool to assess symptoms of autonomic dysfunction. And by calculating total COMPASS-31 scores, the relationship between the two groups was investigated. Results: The Raynaud’s phenomenon and control groups were similar in age (37.4 ± 11.6 vs. 34.9 ± 13.0 years), had identical gender ratios and similar body mass index (24.5 ± 6.1 vs. 25.7 ± 4.6%). Palmar SSR to median nerve stimulation of RP patients shows significantly delayed latency (1890 ± 146) (p=0.03). And no difference between amplitudes in comparison to the control group. In the patient and control groups, R-R interval measurements were evaluated during rest and deep breathing, standing up and Valsalva maneuver. When the R-R interval measurements of the patient and control groups at rest and deep breathing were compared, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. In addition, COMPASS-31 questionnaire scoring system was applied to both groups. The mean COMPASS-31 score was higher in patient group (22.8 ± 13.8), than from healthy controls (8.9 ± 7.8) (p=0.02) Conclusions: Autonomic dysfunction plays a role in the etiology of Raynaud’s phenomenon, due to latency prolongation in the sympathetic skin response and significant difference between COMPASS-31 tests, and these tests can be used in the diagnosis stage of this disease.

scholarly journals Nailfold capillaroscopic findings in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon: Preliminary report

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Binit Vaidya ◽  
Manisha Bhochhibhoya
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Nailfold Capillaroscopy ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Non Invasive

Back grounds and Aims: Microvascular involvement of nailfold often occurs in systemic rheumatic diseases, especially scleroderma and related conditions. Nailfold capillaroscopy is easily performed non-invasive, simple, repeatable, sensitive, safe and inexpensive method to examine nailfold architecture by microscope.The normal capillaries are thin, symmetrical and have hair-pin appearance. Anomalies include dilated capillary loops, dropouts, tortuosity, avascular area, arborifications, megacapillaries, infracts,thrombsis and haemorrhages. This study aims to see the morphological changes in microcirculation in nailfolds of patients with Raynaud’s, which can be helpful in predicting the presence of connective tissue disorder.Methods: It is an observational study conducted at National Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Kathmandu from 26th March 2014 to 30th March 2015. Nailfolds of 8 fingers of both hands in 105 patients were examined using a hand held microscope.Results: Of 105 patients, 91 patients (86.6%) had abnormal morphological changes while 14 (13.4%) had no significant changes in microvessels. Normal patients had no underlying connective tissue disease(CTD) but those with abnormal findings had proven underlying CTD which included Lupus 6.5%, Scleroderma 17.5%, Rheumatoid Arthritis 14.2%, Mixed CTD7.6%, Undifferentiated CTD1.0%, Undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis 14.2%, Psorasis 1.0%, Rheumatoid Arthritis with scleroderma overlap 4.3%. No primary diagnosis was found in 32.9% of patients.Conclusion: Nailfold capillaroscopy allows direct examination of microvascular structure of a patient. Abnormal findings in a patient with Raynaud’s phenomenon might help to identify the presence of or future evolution into systemic connective tissue disorder.Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2015;04(01):13-15

scholarly journals Is There Any Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR) Abnormality in Raynaud Phenomenon?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. Emad ◽  
Hamid R. Farpour ◽  
Faisal Ahmed ◽  
Masoumeh Tayebi ◽  
Mohammadali Nazarinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Sympathetic Skin Response ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Sympathetic System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Raynaud Phenomenon ◽  
Unmyelinated Axons ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Objectives: Sympathetic skin response (SSR) is a technique for assessment of the damage of peripheral neuropathies and the disorders of the sympathetic system. This study aimed to evaluate SSR among patients with Raynaud phenomenon (RP). Methods: Between January 1, 2015 and December 30, 2018, about 20 patients with RP and 20 healthy subjects as the control group were recruited from patients referring to the Outpatient Clinics of Shiraz medical University. All the participants were clinically examined, and the SSR was performed using a standard protocol. SSR is abnormal when the latency is prolonged and/or the amplitude reduced. Results: Raynaud's group consisted of 19 women (95 %) and 1 male (5%). 3 patients (15 %) with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP) and 17 patients (85%) with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (SRP). The control group consisted of 16 women (80%) and 4 males (20%). The mean age of the Raynaud's group and control subjects was 43.1±9 and 36.7±8.6 years, respectively. The SSR to the electrical stimulus was absent in 3 patients (PRP patients). The total median nerve mean latencies in the upper limb were 1.9±0.57 and 1.19±0.52 seconds for the Raynaud's group and control groups, respectively (p <0.001). These findings revealed significantly prolonged SSR latencies in the Raynaud's group, while the mean amplitude showed no significant differences in both groups (p =0.756). Conclusion: Absence or prolonged latency of SSR was associated with the disorders of the unmyelinated axons in the sympathetic system. Our findings suggested the disorders of unmyelinated axons in Raynaud's phenomenon. Keywords: Raynaud Disease; Autonomic Nervous System; Electrodiagnosis; Sympathetic Fibers; Nerve Conduction.

scholarly journals SAT0318 GENERALIZED INDICATOR OF RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON EXPRESSION FOR EVALUATION OF CLINICAL EFFICACY OF PROSTANOID THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1104.1-1105
Author(s):  
I. Gaisin ◽  
Z. Bagautdinova ◽  
M. Glavatskikh ◽  
N. Maximov ◽  
R. Valeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digital Ulcers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Generalized Indicator

Background:Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) secondary to rheumatic diseases (RD) can progress to irreversible tissue damage with digital ulceration, scarring and, rarely, gangrene requiring amputation1. Current medical treatments for RP are far from ideal: they are often either ineffective and/or poorly tolerated, thus a significant proportion of patients discontinue drug therapy2.Objectives:To determine RP expression levels and to evaluate the long-term efficacy of iloprost and alprostadil in RP patients with RD.Methods:Indicated therapy with intravenous iloprost (n=10), alprostadil (n=17) or their combinations (n=13) was carried out for three years in patients with secondary RP in RD. Frequency of Raynaud’s attacks, digital ulcers (DU) formation and pain intensity on visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated. A control group included 30 patients with RP in RD who did not receive prostanoid therapy. By factor analysis method a generalized index of RP expression was identified, on the basis of which levels of RP expression were determined.Results:“RP expression” scale, revealed as an indicator of RP generalized manifestation, was an average value of two subscales: (1) consisted of 4 indices “DU”, “digital pitting scars”, “phalange amputation” and “frequency of Raynaud’s attack”, (2) included 3 indicators: “intensity of pain”, “duration of illness”, “whitening of fingers”. Correlation of subscales showed their reliability (r=0.294, p=0.053). RP final expression (severity) was 1.51±0.86. A low level of RP expression had values below 0.65, a high level – over 2.37. At baseline, the high level of RP severity was defined in 16 (22.9%) patients, medium – in 43 (61.4%), low – in 11 (15.7%).RP treatment with iloprost was effective in the healing of DU in 100% of patients and led to decrease of RP expression generalized index from 2.25 [1; 3] to 1.75 [1; 2] (p=0.012). Alprostadil therapy reduced pain intensity on VAS (p<0.05) and numbness during Raynaud’s attacks (p<0.01) and decreased RP expression from 1 [1; 2] to 1 [0.5; 1.5] (p=0.038). Patients on prostanoids combination had new DU and amputations; pain intensity reduced by 47% (p<0.05), RP expression generalized indicator did not change.Conclusion:Based on RP clinical manifestations in RD patients, a generalized index of RP expression was identified and levels of RP severity were determined. Treatment with iloprost or alprostadil has significant effects on reducing the clinical manifestations of RP with a corresponding decrease in its severity. Iloprost is indicated in patients with medium and high levels of RP expression index, alprostadil – with medium and low index and non-effectiveness of calcium channel blockers.References:[1]Hughes M, Herrick AL. Digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis.Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017;56 (1):14–25.[2]Kowal-Bielecka O, Fransen J, Avouac J et al. Update of EULAR recommendation for the treatment of systemic sclerosis.Ann Rheum Dis2017;76(8):1327–39.Acknowledgments:Professor LP. Anan’evaDisclosure of Interests:Ilshat Gaisin Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, KRKA, Berlin-Chemie Menarini, Sanofi, Zukhra Bagautdinova: None declared, Marianna Glavatskikh: None declared, Nikolay Maximov Speakers bureau: Pfizer, KRKA, Rosa Valeeva: None declared, Oxana Desinova: None declared, Rushana Shayakhmetova: None declared

scholarly journals Standardisation of nailfold capillaroscopy for the assessment of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 102458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Smith ◽  
Ariane L. Herrick ◽  
Francesca Ingegnoli ◽  
Nemanja Damjanov ◽  
Rossella De Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Nailfold Capillaroscopy

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

Ascorbic Acid does not Improve Endothelium-Dependent Flow-mediated Dilatation of the Brachial Artery in Patients with Raynaud’s Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mavrikakis ◽  
J. P. Lekakis ◽  
M. Papamichael ◽  
K. S. Stamatelopoulos ◽  
Ch. C. Kostopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Placebo Administration ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation

Previous studies have shown that patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis present abnormal endothelial function; the mechanisms responsible for the endothelial dysfunction are unknown but increased vascular oxidative stress could be a possible cause. The hypothesis that a potent water-soluble antioxidant can reverse endothelial dysfunction in these patients was tested in the present study. We examined 11 female patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis and ten healthy control women by ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery to assess flow-mediated (endothelium-dependent) and nitrate-induced (endothelium-independent) vasodilatation. Flow-mediated dilatation and nitrate-induced dilatation were significantly reduced in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon, indicating abnormal endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. Patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon entered a double-blind, randomized, crossover placebo-controlled trial and received orally 2 g of ascorbic acid or placebo; vascular studies were repeated two hours after ascorbic acid or placebo administration. Flow-mediated dilatation did not improve after ascorbic acid (1.6 ± 2.2% to 2.2 ± 2.5%, ns) or placebo administration (1.2 ± 1,9% to 1.7 ± 1.4%, ns); also nitrate-induced dilatation was similar after ascorbic acid or placebo (16 ± 7.4% vs 17 ± 8%, ns), suggesting no effect of ascorbic acid on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function. In conclusion, ascorbic acid does not reverse endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in the brachial circulation of patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis. The use of different antioxidants or different dosing of ascorbic acid may be required to show a beneficial effect on endothelial vasodilator function.

The response of skin perfusion and of rheological and immunological variables to intravenous prostanoid administration in Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to collagenosis

VASA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drinda ◽  
Neumann ◽  
Pöhlmann ◽  
Vogelsang ◽  
Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry

Background: Prostanoids are used in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon and acral perfusion disorders secondary to collagenosis. In subjective terms, intravenous administration of these agents produces success in more than 50% of patients. The therapeutic outcome of clinical administration of alprostadil or iloprost may vary from individual to individual. Patients and methods: The following variables were analysed in a cross-over study in 27 patients with collagenosis and Raynaud’s phenomenon: plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation (rheological variables), partial pressure of oxygen and laser Doppler flowmetry in the finger region, and lymphocyte phenotyping and interleukin (IL) determinations (immunological variables). Results: Laser Doppler flowmetry revealed significant differences between patients with secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon and a control group of 25 healthy subjects. Laser Doppler readings did not change significantly as a result of the treatments. Therapy with iloprost produced a reduction in IL-1beta, L-selectin (CD 62 L) and IL-6. Conclusion: The change in immunological variables due to iloprost may explain the long-term effects of prostaglandins in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon. From our results it is not possible to infer any preference for iloprost or alprostadil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document