scholarly journals Season and region of birth as risk factors for coeliac disease a key to the aetiology?

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1114-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredinah Namatovu ◽  
Marie Lindkvist ◽  
Cecilia Olsson ◽  
Anneli Ivarsson ◽  
Olof Sandström
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Month Of Birth ◽  
Birth Month ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundCoeliac disease (CD) incidence has increased in recent decades, characterised by variations according to sex, age at diagnosis, year of birth, month of birth and region of birth. Genetic susceptibility and exposure to gluten are the necessary factors in CD aetiology, although several environmental factors are considered.MethodsA nationwide prospective cohort longitudinal study was conducted consisting of 1 912 204 children aged 0–14.9 years born in Sweden from 1991 to 2009. A total of 6569 children were diagnosed with biopsy-verified CD from 47 paediatric departments. Using Cox regression, we examined the association between CD diagnosis and season of birth, region of birth and year of birth.ResultsOverall, CD risk was higher for children born during spring, summer and autumn as compared with children born during winter: adjusted HR for spring 1.08 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.16), summer 1.10 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.18) and autumn 1.10 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.18). Increased CD risk was highest if born in the south, followed by central Sweden when compared with children born in northern Sweden. Children diagnosed at <2 years had an increased CD risk if born in spring while those diagnosed at 2–14.9 years the risk was increased for summer and autumn births. The birth cohort of 1991–1996 had increased CD risk if born during spring, for the 1997–2002 birth cohort the risk increased for summer and autumn births, while for the birth cohort of 2003–2009 the risk was increased if born during autumn.ConclusionsSeason of birth and region of birth are independently and jointly associated with increased risk of developing CD during the first 15 years of life. Seasonal variation in infectious load is the likely explanation.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Disability Pension among Young Adults Diagnosed with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adulthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110256
Author(s):  
Lingjing Chen ◽  
Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽  
Emma Björkenstam ◽  
Syed Rahman ◽  
Klas Gustafsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Similar Risk

Objective: To investigate risk factors of disability pension (DP) in young adults diagnosed with ADHD in Sweden. Method: In total, 9718 individuals diagnosed with incident ADHD in young adult age (19–29 years) 2006 to 2011, were identified through national registers. They were followed for 5 years and Cox regression models were applied to analyze the DP risk (overall and by sex), associated with socio-demographics, work-related factors, and comorbid disorders. Results: Twenty-one percent of all received DP. Being younger at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.54; 95%confidence interval [CI] 1.39–1.71); low educational level (HR = 1.97; 95%CI 1.60–2.43 for <10 years); work-related factors at baseline (no income from work [HR = 2.64; 95%CI 2.35–2.98] and sickness absence >90 days [HR = 2.48; 95%CI2.17–2.83]); and schizophrenia/psychoses (HR = 2.16; 95%CI 1.66–2.80), autism (HR = 1.87; 95%CI 1.42–2.46), anxiety (HR = 1.34; 95%CI 1.22–1.49) were significantly associated with an increased risk of DP. Similar risk patterns were found in men and women. Conclusion: Work-related factors and comorbid mental disorders need to be highlighted in early vocational rehabilitation for individuals with ADHD.

scholarly journals Coeliac disease and invasive pneumococcal disease: a population-based cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RÖCKERT TJERNBERG ◽  
J. BONNEDAHL ◽  
M. INGHAMMAR ◽  
A. EGESTEN ◽  
G. KAHLMETER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severe Infections

SUMMARYSevere infections are recognized complications of coeliac disease (CD). In the present study we aimed to examine whether individuals with CD are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). To do so, we performed a population-based cohort study including 29 012 individuals with biopsy-proven CD identified through biopsy reports from all pathology departments in Sweden. Each individual with CD was matched with up to five controls (n = 144 257). IPD events were identified through regional and national microbiological databases, including the National Surveillance System for Infectious Diseases. We used Cox regression analyses to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for diagnosed IPD. A total of 207 individuals had a record of IPD whereas 45/29 012 had CD (0·15%) and 162/144 257 were controls (0·11%). This corresponded to a 46% increased risk for IPD [HR 1·46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·05–2·03]. The risk estimate was similar after adjustment for socioeconomic status, educational level and comorbidities, but then failed to attain statistical significance (adjusted HR 1·40, 95% CI 0·99–1·97). Nonetheless, our study shows a trend towards an increased risk for IPD in CD patients. The findings support results seen in earlier research and taking that into consideration individuals with CD may be considered for pneumococcal vaccination.

scholarly journals Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and season of birth within the UK Biobank cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2499-2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Escott-Price ◽  
Daniel J. Smith ◽  
Kimberley Kendall ◽  
Joey Ward ◽  
George Kirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Month Of Birth ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pathogenic Process

AbstractBackgroundThere is strong evidence that people born in winter and in spring have a small increased risk of schizophrenia. As this ‘season of birth’ effect underpins some of the most influential hypotheses concerning potentially modifiable risk exposures, it is important to exclude other possible explanations for the phenomenon.MethodsHere we sought to determine whether the season of birth effect reflects gene-environment confounding rather than a pathogenic process indexing environmental exposure. We directly measured, in 136 538 participants from the UK Biobank (UKBB), the burdens of common schizophrenia risk alleles and of copy number variants known to increase the risk for the disorder, and tested whether these were correlated with a season of birth.ResultsNeither genetic measure was associated with season or month of birth within the UKBB sample.ConclusionsAs our study was highly powered to detect small effects, we conclude that the season of birth effect in schizophrenia reflects a true pathogenic effect of environmental exposure.

Abstract 16055: Lipoprotein Subclasses, Size, and Statin-Associated Incident Diabetes: An Analysis From the JUPITER Trial

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Dugani ◽  
Akintunde O Akinkuolie ◽  
Robert J Glynn ◽  
Paul M Ridker ◽  
Samia Mora
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
P Value ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclass ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Ldl Size ◽  
Increased Risk

Statins reduce CVD events, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, with an increased risk of diabetes. The underlying predictors of statin-associated diabetes are unclear. We evaluated lipoprotein subclass and size changes in response to rosuvastatin to identify predictors of diabetes on statin therapy Among 11,918 non-diabetic participants in JUPITER (NCT00239681), lipoprotein subclasses and size were quantified by NMR spectroscopy (LipoScience, NC) prior to and 1 year after randomization to placebo or rosuvastatin (total 370 incident diabetes). Cox regression models were adjusted for diabetes risk factors Compared to baseline, rosuvastatin lowered LDL-C and particles by lowering cholesterol-enriched large LDL (58%) and IDL (46%), with less relative lowering of cholesterol-poor small LDL (22%), resulting in smaller LDL size (1.5%). Rosuvastatin lowered (15%-20%) triglycerides, VLDL triglycerides, and VLDL particles by lowering large (15%), medium (7%), and small (27%) particles, and increasing VLDL size (3%) (all p<0.0001). Among statin-allocated individuals, after adjusting for typical risk factors, incident diabetes was inversely associated with baseline levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, large LDL particles, and LDL size, and positively associated with baseline triglycerides, non-HDL-C, ApoB, LDL particles, VLDL particles, VLDL triglycerides and size (Table). Similar associations were seen in on-treatment rosuvastatin and placebo groups In JUPITER, random allocation to rosuvastatin altered the lipoprotein subclass profile in a manner associated with the development of diabetes Adjusted Hazard Ratios (95% CI) and Risk of Incident Diabetes with Rosuvastatin Baseline parameters HR per 1-SD p value LDL-C .86 (0.76-0.98) .02 HDL-C .69 (0.54-0.87) .002 Triglycerides 1.62 (1.41-1.86) <.0001 Non-HDL-C 1.20 (1.04-1.39) .01 ApoB 1.35 (1.18-1.55) <.0001 Total LDL* 1.32 (1.15-1.51) <.0001 Large LDL* .79 (0.71-0.87) <.0001 Small LDL* 1.71 (1.40-2.08) <.0001 IDL* .97 (0.85-1.11) .69 LDL size .66 (0.58-0.75) <.0001 Total VLDL* 1.16 (1.00-1.34) .046 Large VLDL* 1.78 (1.51-2.10) <.0001 Medium VLDL* 1.35 (1.15-1.58) .0002 Small VLDL* .93 (0.82-1.06) .30 VLDL size 1.58 (1.39-1.80) <.0001 VLDL triglycerides 1.51 (1.31-1.73) <.0001 *particles

scholarly journals Premature Atrial Contractions on the Screening Electrocardiogram and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley T. O'Neal ◽  
Hooman Kamel ◽  
Dawn Kleindorfer ◽  
Suzanne E. Judd ◽  
George Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Background: It is currently unknown if premature atrial contractions (PACs) detected on the routine screening electrocardiogram are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Methods: We examined the association between PACs and ischemic stroke in 22,975 (mean age 64 ± 9.2; 56% women; 40% black) participants from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study. Participants who were free of stroke at baseline were included. PACs were detected from centrally read electrocardiograms at baseline. Cox regression was used to examine the association between PACs and ischemic stroke events through March 31, 2014. Results: PACs were present in 1,687 (7.3%) participants at baseline. In a Cox regression model adjusted for stroke risk factors and potential confounders, PACs were associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (hazards ratio (HR) 1.34, 95% CI 1.04-1.74). The relationship was limited to non-lacunar infarcts (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.87), and not lacunar strokes (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.51-2.03). An interaction by sex was detected, with the association between PACs and ischemic stroke being stronger among women (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.29-2.56) than men (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.69-1.52; p-interaction = 0.0095). Conclusion: PACs detected on the routine electrocardiogram are associated with an increased risk for non-lacunar ischemic strokes, especially in women.

scholarly journals Risk factors for myocardial injury and death in patients with COVID-19: insights from a cohort study with chest computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (14) ◽  
pp. 2239-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ferrante ◽  
Fabio Fazzari ◽  
Ottavia Cozzi ◽  
Matteo Maurina ◽  
Renato Bragato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Aims Whether pulmonary artery (PA) dimension and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, as assessed by chest computed tomography (CT), are associated with myocardial injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not known. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for myocardial injury and death and to investigate whether myocardial injury has an independent association with all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods and Results This is a single-centre cohort study including consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 undergoing chest CT on admission. Myocardial injury was defined as high-sensitivity troponin I &gt;20 ng/L on admission. A total of 332 patients with a median follow-up of 12 days were included. There were 68 (20.5%) deaths; 123 (37%) patients had myocardial injury. PA diameter was higher in patients with myocardial injury compared with patients without myocardial injury [29.0 (25th–75th percentile, 27–32) mm vs. 27.7 (25–30) mm, P &lt; 0.001). PA diameter was independently associated with an increased risk of myocardial injury [adjusted odds ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.19, P = 0.01] and death [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17, P = 0.01]. Compared with patients without myocardial injury, patients with myocardial injury had a lower prevalence of a CAC score of zero (25% vs. 55%, P &lt; 0.001); however, the CAC score did not emerge as a predictor of myocardial injury by multivariable logistic regression. Myocardial injury was independently associated with an increased risk of death by multivariable Cox regression (adjusted HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.27–3.96, P = 0.005). Older age, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio on admission were other independent predictors for both myocardial injury and death. Conclusions An increased PA diameter, as assessed by chest CT, is an independent risk factor for myocardial injury and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Myocardial injury is independently associated with an approximately two-fold increased risk of death.

scholarly journals Abandoning resectional intent in patients initially deemed suitable for esophagectomy: a nationwide study of risk factors and outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Edholm ◽  
Mats Lindblad ◽  
Gustav Linder
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Impact On Survival

Summary The main curative treatment modality for esophageal cancer is resection. Patients initially deemed suitable for resection may become unsuitable, most commonly due to signs of generalized disease or having become unfit for surgery. The aim was to assess risk factors for abandoning esophagectomy and its impact on survival. All patients diagnosed with an esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer in the Swedish National Register for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer from 2006–2016 were included and risk factors associated with becoming ineligible for resection were analyzed in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Overall survival was explored by multivariable Cox regression models. Among 1,792 patients planned for resection, 189 (11%) became unsuitable for resection before surgery and 114 (6%) had exploratory surgery without resection. Intermediate and high educational levels were associated with an increased probability of resection (odds ratio (OR) 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.05, OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.28–2.87, respectively) as was marital status (married: OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.85). Clinically advanced disease (cT4: OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.87; cN3: OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.81) and neoadjuvant treatment were associated with a decreased probability of resection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.88). Five-year survival for non-resected patients was only 4.5% although neoadjuvant treatment was associated with improved survival (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56–0.99). Non-resected patients with squamous cell carcinoma had comparatively reduced survival (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.10–2.43). High socioeconomic status was associated with an increased probability of completing the plan to resect whereas clinically advanced disease and neoadjuvant treatment were independent factors associated with increased risk of abandoning resectional intent.

scholarly journals Daytime Sleepiness and Sleep Inadequacy as Risk Factors for Dementia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Tsapanou ◽  
Yian Gu ◽  
Jennifer Manly ◽  
Nicole Schupf ◽  
Ming-Xin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sleep Adequacy

Background/Aims: To examine the association between self-reported sleep problems and incidence of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people. Methods: 1,041 nondemented participants over 65 years old were examined longitudinally. Sleep problems were estimated using the RAND Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale examining sleep disturbance, snoring, sleep short of breath or with a headache, sleep adequacy, and sleep somnolence. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the association between sleep problems and risk for incident dementia. Age, gender, education, ethnicity, APOE-ε4, stroke, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and depression were included as covariates. Results: Over 3 years of follow-up, 966 (92.8%) participants remained nondemented, while 78 (7.2%) developed dementia. In unadjusted models, sleep inadequacy (‘Get the amount of sleep you need') at the initial visit was associated with increased risk of incident dementia (HR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.02-1.42; p = 0.027). Adjusting for all the covariates, increased risk of incident dementia was still associated with sleep inadequacy (HR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.01-1.42; p = 0.040), as well as with increased daytime sleepiness (‘Have trouble staying awake during the day') (HR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.00-1.54; p = 0.047). Conclusion: Our results suggest that sleep inadequacy and increased daytime sleepiness are risk factors for dementia in older adults, independent of demographic and clinical factors.

Risk factors for development of second primary malignancies (SPM) after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for multiple myeloma.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8038-8038
Author(s):  
Amrita Y. Krishnan ◽  
Matthew Mei ◽  
Canlan Sun ◽  
Jennifer Berano-Teh ◽  
Stephen J. Forman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Autologous Hct

8038 Background: Studies from the CALGB and IFM have suggested an increased incidence of SPM post ASCT in patients on lenalidomide maintenance. Patients with MM as well as patients post ASCT are inherently at higher risk of SPM. Therefore, assessment of risk factors associated with SPM would be useful in therapeutic decisions re preASCT therapy and post ASCTmaintenance. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 841 consecutive MM patients who underwent at least one ASCT at City of Hope from 1989 to 2009. Sixty cases with 70 SPMs were identified. A nested case-control study was also conducted to understand the role of therapeutic exposures associated with SPMs. Controls were MM patients post ASCT matched by year of HCT (±5 years). Results: The median length of follow up was 3.3 yrs. (range 0.3-19.9). Median age at ASCT was 56 yrs (range 18-77). 62% had received a single autologous HCT, 27% tandem autologous HCT, 11% had received multiple HCTs (72 had a second allogeneic HCT)). The overall cumulative incidence of any SPM was 7.4% at 5 years and 15.9% at 10 years; the cumulative incidence of SPMs for patients >55 years approached 21.9% at 10 years. The cumulative incidence of MDS/AML was 1.8% and of solid tumors was 13.0%. Factors examined included age, race, sex, number and individual therapeutic exposures ( pre-ASCT, conditioning, and post-ASCT), disease status at ASCT. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed non-Hispanic whites (RR=2.4, 95% CI, 1.2-4.6, p=0.01) and older age (>55) at diagnosis of MM (RR=2.3, 95% CI, 1.3-4.1, p=0.004) to be associated with an increased risk of developing SPMs. Only cumulative thalidomide exposure (both pre-ASCT and post-ASCT) demonstrated a trend toward a positive association (OR=3.5, 95% CI, 0.6-19.4, p=0.15). Six patients (3 cases and 3 controls) were exposed to lenalidomide prior to development of SPM (OR=1.0, 95% CI, 0.14-7.10). Conclusions: This single institution analysis identified non-hispanic whites and older age to be associated with increased risk of developing SPM in pts post ASCT for MM. The trend towards increased risk with thalidomide exposure may be suggestive of a class effect from IMIDs that is not restricted to lenalidomide alone.

scholarly journals Long-Term All-Cause Mortality and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer Survivors: An Israeli Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Izkhakov ◽  
Lital Keinan-Boker ◽  
Micha Barchana ◽  
Yacov Shacham ◽  
Iris Yaish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background: The global incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has risen considerably during the last three decades, while prognosis is generally favorable. We assessed the long-term all-cause mortality in TC survivors compared to the general population, and its association with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Individuals diagnosed with TC during 2001-2014 (TC group) and age- and sex-matched individuals from the same Israeli healthcare system without thyroid disease or a cancer history (non-TC group) were compared. Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for all-cause mortality were calculated by exposure status. Results: During a 15-year follow-up (median 8 years), 577 TC survivors out of 5,677 (10.2%) TC patients and 1,235 individuals out of 23,962 (5.2%) non-TC patients died. The TC survivors had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.89, 95%CI 1.71-2.10), after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors already present at follow-up initiation. This increased risk was most pronounced in the 55- to 64-year-old age group (HR=1.49, 95%CI 1.33-1.67). The TC survivors who died by study closure had more hypertension (14.6% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.002), more dyslipidemia (11.4% vs. 7.2%, P < 0.001), and more cardiovascular disease (33.6% vs. 22.3%, P = 0.05) compared to those who died in the non-TC group. Conclusions: This large cohort study showed higher all-cause mortality with a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease among TC survivors compared to matched non-TC individuals. Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in TC survivors is mandatory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document