PN FOR CHILDREN – INFORMATION LEAFLET

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. e2.18-e2
Author(s):  
Rebecca Riddell ◽  
Anthony Lewis ◽  
David Tuthill
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Information Leaflet ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Contact Information ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Transfer Of Information

AimTo produce a leaflet for parents and carers of children receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) explaining:▸ What PN is▸ Why it is given▸ How it will be given▸ Risks & Complications▸ Other useful information▸ Nutrition team contact informationCurrent practice is for the nutrition team pharmacist to give a verbal account of the above information to parents/carers. It was felt that providing this information in a written format would introduce consisitency and allow parents/carers more time to take information on board.MethodAn internet search and discussions with other organisations with paediatric gastroenterology specialists was conduted to see if something similar was in existence. A similar information leaflet to what we hoped to produce was not found. Members of the paediatric nutrition team, which included consultants, nurse specialists, pharmacist and dietician, provided input to the type of information that should be included in the information leaflet. A first draft of the leaflet was produced and shown to the parents of current paediatric PN inpatients. Feedback was received and the leaflet updated following consultation with the nutrition team.ConclusionProduction of a very useful information leaflet for parents/carers, containing all the relevant information and detail. The leaflet uses colour and pictures to aid the transfer of information and makes it more attractive to read. The pharmacist is the main point of contact for the paediatric nutrition team and will be the individual responsible for distributing them.

scholarly journals Current practice and perceptions of safety protocols for the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the operating room: results of the IP-OR international survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Clerc ◽  
Martin Hübner ◽  
K.R. Ashwin ◽  
S.P. Somashekhar ◽  
Beate Rau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
High Volume ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Cleaning Staff ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Or Team

Abstract Objectives To assess the risk perception and the uptake of measures preventing environment-related risks in the operating room (OR) during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). Methods A multicentric, international survey among OR teams in high-volume HIPEC and PIPAC centers: Surgeons (Surg), Scrub nurses (ScrubN), Anesthesiologists (Anest), Anesthesiology nurses (AnesthN), and OR Cleaning staff (CleanS). Scores extended from 0–10 (maximum). Results Ten centers in six countries participated in the study (response rate 100%). Two hundred and eleven responses from 68 Surg (32%), 49 ScrubN (23%), 45 Anest (21%), 31 AnesthN (15%), and 18 CleanS (9%) were gathered. Individual uptake of protection measures was 51.4%, similar among professions and between HIPEC and PIPAC. Perceived levels of protection were 7.57 vs. 7.17 for PIPAC and HIPEC, respectively (p<0.05), with Anesth scoring the lowest (6.81). Perceived contamination risk was 4.19 for HIPEC vs. 3.5 for PIPAC (p<0.01). Information level was lower for CleanS and Anesth for HIPEC and PIPAC procedures compared to all other responders (6.48 vs. 4.86, and 6.48 vs. 5.67, p<0.01). Willingness to obtain more information was 86%, the highest among CleanS (94%). Conclusions Experience with the current practice of safety protocols was similar during HIPEC and PIPAC. The individual uptake of protection measures was rather low. The safety perception was better for PIPAC, but the perceived level of protection remained relatively low. The willingness to obtain more information was high. Intensified, standardized training of all OR team members involved in HIPEC and PIPAC is meaningful.

scholarly journals Developing HIV assisted partner notification services tailored to Mexican key populations: a qualitative approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen Vermandere ◽  
Santiago Aguilera-Mijares ◽  
Liliane Martínez-Vargas ◽  
M. Arantxa Colchero ◽  
Sergio Bautista-Arredondo
Keyword(s):  
Partner Notification ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Serostatus Disclosure ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Contact Information ◽  
Hiv Awareness ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Assisted partner notification services (APNS) may increase HIV testing, early diagnosis, and treatment, but they are not formally implemented in Mexico, where the HIV epidemic is concentrated in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transwomen (TW). This study aimed to explore the awareness of and need for HIV partner notification, as well as to outline potential strategies for APNS based on identified barriers and facilitators. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews to explore partner notification with MSM, TW, and counselors. Afterwards, brainstorm sessions were carried out to produce strategies for implementing APNS. Results Most participants reported experiences with informal partner notification and serostatus disclosure, but not with APNS. Only one counselor indicated assisting notification systematically. The main barriers for notifying or disclosing mentioned by both MSM and TW included fear of (violent) reactions, discrimination and lacking contact information of casual partners. Participants thought it was easier to inform a formal partner, conditional of being well informed about HIV. Given current stigma and lack of awareness, it was suggested that APNS should be preceded by HIV awareness efforts, and be provided by counselors or peers to mitigate potential rejection or violent reactions. Conclusions While APNS are not formally implemented in Mexico, all participants supported the service, indicating that APNS could potentially enhance early HIV diagnosis in Mexico. Strategies to implement such services need to be flexible addressing the individual needs of participants, guaranteeing the safety of more vulnerable participants.

scholarly journals Mitigating election violence locally: UN peacekeepers’ election-education campaigns in Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Smidt
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Election Violence

False information, rumours and hate speech can incite violent protest and rioting during electoral periods. To counter such disinformation, United Nations peacekeeping operations (PKOs) routinely organize election-education events. While researchers tend to study how PKOs affect armed group and state behaviour, this study shifts the focus to civilians. It argues that PKOs’ election education reduces violent protest and rioting involving civilians during electoral periods via three pathways. First, learning about PKOs’ electoral security assistance during election-education events may convince people that political opponents cannot violently disturb elections, thereby mitigating fears of election violence. Second, election-education events provide politically relevant information that can strengthen political efficacy and people’s ability to make use of peaceful political channels. Finally, peace messages during election-education events can change people’s calculus about the utility and appropriateness of violent behaviour. Together, these activities mitigate fears, reduce political alienation and counter civilians’ willingness to get involved in violence. To test these expectations, I combine survey data on people’ perceptions and attitudes, events data on violent protest and rioting, and a novel dataset on local-level election-education events carried out by the PKO in Côte d’Ivoire before four elections held between 2010 and 2016. The results show that when the PKO is perceived to be an impartial arbiter, its election-education events have violence-mitigating effects at the individual and subnational levels.

scholarly journals Managing children and adolescents on parenteral nutrition: challenges for the nutritional support team

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Johnson ◽  
Elaine Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Intestinal Failure ◽  
Home Care Services ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Child Assessments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
At Home

Managing infants, children and adolescents, ranging from premature infants to 18-year-old adolescents, on parenteral nutrition (PN) is a challenge. The ability of children to withstand starvation is limited and, unlike adults, children require nutrition for growth. PN in children is often required secondary to a congenital bowel problem rather than because of an acquired condition. Conditions requiring PN include motility disorders, congenital disorders of the intestinal epithelium and short-bowel syndrome (SBS). Intestinal failure may be temporary and children with SBS may be weaned from PN. However, other children require permanent PN. There are no comprehensive guidelines for the nutritional requirements of children and adolescents requiring PN. Practice in individual centres is based on clinical experience rather than clinical trials. Requirements are assessed on an individual basis according to age, nutritional status and clinical condition. These requirements need regular review to ensure that they remain appropriate for the changing age and weight of the child. Assessments of intakes use different methods, e.g. reference tables and predictive equations. Complications of PN include infection, accidental damage to, or removal of, the line and cholestatic liver disease. Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is associated with fewer line infections and allows continuation of nutritional support in a more normal environment, encouraging normal development and participation in family activities. However, having a child at home on HPN is associated with physical and psychological stresses. A feeling of depression, loneliness and social isolation is common amongst children and their families. Home-care services are essential to supporting children at home and should be tailored to, and sensitive to, the individual needs of each family.

User testing of consumer medicine information in Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Jay ◽  
Parisa Aslani ◽  
DK Raynor
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Information Design ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Medicine Information ◽  
User Testing ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Medicines Information ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual

Background: Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) forms an important basis for the dissemination of medicines information worldwide. Methods: This article presents an overview of the design and development of Australian CMI, and discusses ‘user-testing’ as an iterative, formative process for CMI design. Findings: In Australia, legislation and templates guide the creation of CMI by pharmaceutical manufacturers using principles of written health information design, giving consideration to both content and structure. Following these principles to the letter, however, does not always assure the creation of a useable document. A suggested method to gauge the usability of CMI is ‘user-testing’. The process, based on observing individuals using the CMI to answer specific questions, aims to identify areas of weakness in the document allowing targeted improvement. Each question identifies whether (a) the individual can find the relevant information and (b) they can understand it. It is an iterative process designed to be performed repeatedly until it results in a highly-useable CMI. Crucially, the revisions of this information between rounds of testing need to be based on principles of good writing and information design. Other methods of analysing CMI do not actively engage the target audience while simultaneously testing the usability of both content and structure. Although developed in Australia, user testing is not routinely performed on Australian CMI. This is despite the fact that user testing is a legal requirement for leaflets for all new medicines across the European Union (EU). Conclusions: Given CMI’s role in empowering patients with information, it follows that every attempt should be made to ensure that they are consumer friendly and usable. There is a strong argument that user testing should be employed in writing medicine information.

Wellbeing Cost-effectiveness Analysis and Existing Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-332
Author(s):  
Paul Frijters ◽  
Christian Krekel
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Public Resource ◽  
The Individual

The fourth chapter is targeted mainly at readers who wish to quantify how much benefits and costs are generated by future or existing policies and programmes. The chapter compares the authors’ basic methodology for wellbeing cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) with existing approaches to decide on public resource allocations. The main comparison is with cost-benefit analysis (CBA), but they also compare it with multi-criterion approaches, social rates of return analyses, and business case scenarios or impact assessments. The authors start with a quick reminder of their basic methodology for wellbeing CEA, after which they sketch the current practice of CBA, highlighting the differences in a stylized, non-technical manner. They also sketch the relationship between WELLBYs (wellbeing years) and QALYs (quality-adjusted life-years), deriving a proper translation between the two measures, which will culminate in the important distinction between the individual willingness-to-pay for a WELLBY and the social costs of producing a WELLBY. They then answer some crucial questions as to how more wellbeing knowledge can be incorporated into existing approaches, including the question of the monetization of wellbeing effects for current-practice CBA. Apart from analysts, this chapter is also of interest to academics in the fields of health and wellbeing as it discusses in depth the differences between WELLBYs and QALYs. The discussion on wellbeing approaches from around the world is of importance to all those tasked with embedding wellbeing into their own country’s public-sector systems.

Monitoring exercise programmes and improving cardiovascular performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 389-400
Author(s):  
Stephan Mueller ◽  
Flavia Baldassarri ◽  
Julia Schönfeld ◽  
Martin Halle
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Performance Diagnosis ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Cardiovascular Performance ◽  
Exercise Programmes ◽  
Maximum Parameters ◽  
The Individual

Cardiovascular exercise performance is associated with lower morbidity and mortality. In addition to maximal load, heart rate, and peak oxygen consumption, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and lactate analyses can provide relevant information on cardiovascular performance, diagnosis, exercise prescription, and monitoring of exercise programmes based on submaximal parameters. Using submaximal thresholds has the advantage that the prescription and effect of exercise training are directly linked to the underlying energy metabolism and therefore can reveal the specific needs of the individual. There are several methods ofr strength testing that are all based on maximum parameters and should be chosen according to the best-fit principle to the underlying strength training programme. In addition, new media such as wearables, innovative gadgets and telemonitoring have become increasingly popular in recent years and can be used to monitor the exercise training sessions, providing information for evaluation and adjustment of training if necessary.

A Report on a Novice User's Interaction with the Internet through a Self-Voicing Application

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith S. Jones ◽  
J. Shawn Farris ◽  
Peter D. Elgin ◽  
Brent A. Anders ◽  
Brian R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Verbal Protocol ◽  
Verbal Protocol Analysis ◽  
Textual Information ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

This study used verbal protocol analysis to examine the behavior of an individual with visual impairment using a self-voicing application to find information on the World Wide Web. The results indicated that executing actions (such as typing or pressing keys) and interpreting the computer system's state (data gathering) were the most frequent and time-consuming tasks. Furthermore, the individual had difficulty determining the effects of her actions on the system and whether relevant information was present on a page. These results suggest that there may be problems in interfacing the user with the software and the way textual information is aurally displayed to the user.

Life without Eating or Drinking

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Macritchie
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Psychosocial Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Bowel Function

Total Parenteral Nutrition is no longer a short-term life-saving therapy, but can now provide an alternative permanent nutritional route following loss of small bowel function. Patients placed on the regimen go through several stages during adaptation. Those who have suffered from a chronic debilitating small bowel disease and have previously undergone multiple resections with poor residual nutritional intake, adapt more readily to the regimen than those who have suffered from the combined physical and psychological trauma of sudden massive loss of bowel. The technique has been successful in maintaining one individual in the group studied in good nutritional balance outside hospital for a period of eight years (13). This has been due to combined advances in medical surgical and pharmaceutical techniques (8). Further refinement of the nutritional support system utilized is needed to reduce the duration of the feeding process with the aim of minimizing sleep interruption and resultant fatigue. In elective consideration for TPN, assessment of both personality structure and domestic environmental support is advisable, since the patient generally does not do well in an unsupportive environment with resultant complications and frequent re-hospitalization. Conjoint training of a spouse or family member is essential; and introduction to another patient who has previously adapted well is beneficial. Later, a close liaison should be established with a Home Alimentation Nurse (8-10). The psychiatrist has a potential role in advising the gastroenterologist regarding the suitability of the individual being considered for elective total parenteral nutrition. He has a more definite role in the management of the psychological disturbance, frequently observed as depression, following surgery or later, when it appears secondary to the problems imposed by an altered modus vivendi. The group poses a further special challenge to the psychiatrist due to the unavailability of the normal route of administration of psychotropic drugs when they are indicated. In addition to the attainment of a relatively normal survival of individuals who have sustained complete loss of small bowel function, TPN offers vistas for research into body nutrition requirements (11) and demands further extensive detailed psychosocial studies of this unique group of individuals.

INFERENCE OF BIOMEDICAL DATA SETS USING BAYESIAN MACHINE LEARNING

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950030
Author(s):  
Ayesha Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
Clinical Databases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Available Information

Due to the advancement in data collection and maintenance strategies, the current clinical databases around the globe are rich in a sense that these contain detailed information not only about the individual’s medical conditions, but also about the environmental features, associated with the individual. Classification within this data could provide new medical insights. Data mining technology has become an attraction for researchers due to its affectivity and efficacy in the field of biomedicine research. Due to the diverse structure of such data sets, only few successful techniques and easy to use softwares, are available in literature. A Bayesian analysis provides a more intuitive statement of probability that hypothesis is true. Bayesian approach uses all available information and can give answers to complex questions more accurately. This means that Bayesian methods include prior information. In Bayesian analysis, no relevant information is excluded as prior represents all the available information apart from data itself. Bayesian techniques are specifically used for decision making. Uncertainty is the main hurdle in making decisions. Due to lack of information about relevant parameters, there is uncertainty about given decision. Bayesian methods measure these uncertainties by using probability. In this study, selected techniques of biostatistical Bayesian inference (the probability based inferencing approach, to identify uncertainty in databases) are discussed. To show the efficiency of a Hybrid technique, its application on two distinct data sets is presented in a novel way.

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