Influence of corneal guttae and nuclear cataract on contrast sensitivity

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315206
Author(s):  
Victor A Augustin ◽  
Julia M Weller ◽  
Friedrich E Kruse ◽  
Theofilos Tourtas
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Nuclear Cataract ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Corneal Densitometry ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Corneal Volume

AIMSTo evaluate the contrast sensitivity in patients with nuclear cataract and corneal guttae compared to patients with nuclear cataract without guttae.METHODSIn this retrospective, single-centre case series, 50 eyes of 50 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients with corneal guttae and nuclear cataract (n=25, study group) underwent triple Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Patients with nuclear cataract and healthy corneas underwent cataract surgery (n=25, control group). Inclusion criteria were preoperative best-corrected visual acuity ≥20/40, no corneal oedema and similar lens opacity (nuclear opalescence 2.0–2.9). Outcome measures included MARS letter and OPTEC 6500P contrast sensitivity test, corneal volume, central corneal thickness and anterior and posterior corneal densitometry.RESULTSPreoperative MARS letter and OPTEC 6500P contrast sensitivity was significantly worse in the study group (MARS: p<0.001; OPTEC 6500P: p<0.007 at low spatial frequencies in daylight with and without glare and nightlight without glare). After surgery, there was no significant difference in MARS letter contrast sensitivity between groups (p=0.225). OPTEC 6500P contrast sensitivity remained significantly lower in the study group in daylight and nightlight with and without glare at most spatial frequencies (p<0.01) postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative corneal volume, central corneal thickness and anterior corneal densitometry were equal in both groups (p>0.05). Posterior densitometry was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group preoperatively (p<0.001) but turned into equal values postoperatively (p=0.07).CONCLUSIONSCorneal guttae cause an additional significant decrease in contrast sensitivity in eyes with nuclear cataract. This is in favour of performing a triple DMEK even in eyes with a visual acuity of ≥20/40.

scholarly journals Effect of Acute Increases in Intraocular Pressure on Corneal Pachymetry in Rabbit Eyes Treated with Timolol Maleate

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
Cristina Sánchez-Barahona ◽  
Gema Bolívar ◽  
Dimitrios G. Mikropoulos ◽  
Anastasios G. Konstas ◽  
Miguel A. Teus
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Timolol Maleate

Objective: To evaluate in an in vivo rabbit model, the effect of topical timolol maleate therapy on the central corneal thickness response to acute intraocular pressure increases. Method: In this prospective and interventional controlled study, the central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were measured in vivo in 12 rabbit eyes treated with topical timolol maleate for 1 month and in 12 controls at baseline, and after the intraocular pressure (measured by direct cannulation of the anterior chamber) was increased to 15 and 30 mmHg using a forced saline infusion into the anterior chamber. Results: There were no significant differences in the basal central corneal thickness values (control group, 373.2±12.9 µm; study group, 377.5±19.2 µm, p=0.5) or the central corneal thickness values when the intraocular pressure was increased to 15 mmHg (control group, 335.2±14.3 µm; study group, 330.0±32.1 µm, p=0.6) and to 30 mmHg (study group, 318.8±25.3 µm; control group, 329.8±21.0 µm, p=0.3). Conclusion: Rabbit corneas treated with topical timolol maleate for 1 month did not show a strain response to acute intraocular pressure increases that differed from control eyes. This is in contrast to a previous finding in which rabbit eyes treated with prostaglandin analogues had a greater decrease in central corneal thickness in response to a sudden intraocular pressure increase compared with untreated corneas.

scholarly journals ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN ENDOTHELIAL CELL OF RETINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sonpal Jindal ◽  
Dr. Mukesh Kumar Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density

Vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem worldwide. Many parts of the human eye, including the epithelium of the cornea, lens, ciliary body, and retinal pigment epithelium, as well as the corneal endothelium, ganglion cell layer, and retinal photoreceptors, contain vitamin D receptor. Physiological effects of vitamin D From an ocular point of view, the role in macular and retinal health had been advanced, as well as the involvement in corneal inflammatory response, wound healing, and dry eye disease. The most important effect of vitamin D is on, phosphorus, calcium metabolism and on bone mineralization. Recently, it was observed that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are related with common cancers, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, infectious, and many chronic diseases including autoimmune disease. Benefits of vitamin D may be amplified through synergistic interaction with topical corticosteroids which accelerates improvement in corneal shape and optics, substantially benefiting the control of ocular surface disease and dry eye symptoms. Aqueous humour is the primary source responsible for the feeding of corneal endothelial layer hence endothelial abnormalities can be expected due to accumulated inflammatory cytokines and multiple toxic products in the aqueous humour of the patients with vitamin D deficiency. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects were selected with vitamin D deficiency in the age group of 20–55 years. 50 patients having serum vitamin D levels <15 ng/ml were included in the study. Serum vitamin D levels of <15 ng/ml were included in the control group. Vitamin D levels in tear fluid were measured by direct competitive chemiluminescent enzyme linked immunoassay. A complete ophthalmic evaluation was performed in all participants which includes assessment of visual acuity, anterior segment evaluation and posterior segment evaluation. Specular microscopy was performed on the eyes of the patients with vitamin D deficiency and healthy control group individuals. Corneal endothelial cell density (CD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) values were calculated automatically using the software of the specular microscope.  RESULTS: The study group included 23 male and 27 female subjects while study group included 24 male and 26 female. Mean age of male in study group was 46.4 ± 12.56 and female was 45.6 ± 11.77. In control group mean male age was 48.5 ± 9.25 and female age was 49.56 ± 12.55. In study group Mean Corneal endothelial cell density (CD)  was observed as 2632.89 ± 189.25 cells/mm 2  and Mean central corneal thickness (CCT) was 587.2 ± 25.89 μ. In control group Mean Corneal endothelial cell density (CD) was observed as 2954.97 ± 116.89 cells/mm 2  and Mean central corneal thickness (CCT) was 546.0 ± 36.22 μ. Vitamin D levels of Tears in study group was 8.4 ± 1.7 ng/ml  and in control group it was 16.2 ± 2.3 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: It has been observed that there is statistically significant difference in the corneal endothelial cell density (CD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with vitamin D deficiency. It was observed that Vitamin D is present in tear fluid and there is significant difference in the levels of vitamin D in study and control group.

scholarly journals Orthokeratology in Moderate Myopia: A Study of Predictability and Safety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Singh ◽  
Mainak Bhattacharyya ◽  
Abhishek Goel ◽  
Ritu Arora ◽  
Nikhil Gotmare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Soft Contact Lenses

Purpose: Literature is relatively silent on safety profile and predictability of orthokeratology lenses in terms of myopia correction and prevention of further progression, especially in semi-tropical countries; this study was designed to fill this gap. Methods: This prospective, intervention case series enrolled 30 eyes of 30 patients with myopia up to –5.5 diopters (D). Patients were randomized into two groups of 15 each; the study group was prescribed overnight orthokeratology (OK) lenses, while the control group used daily wear conventional soft contact lenses. Follow-up examinations were performed after 1 h and 6 h, and then at 1, 7, 15, 30 days, and 4 months post lens wear. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), contrast sensitivity, keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), and tear film break up time (TBUT) were evaluated at each follow-up examination. Results: All patients attained a visual acuity of 0.00 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) after one week of lens use, which was maintained throughout the study period. While patients allotted to the study group had a gain of 8.1 Snellen lines (UCVA), those in the control group gained 8.9 lines (BCVA) at the end of follow-up period. In the OK group, cornea showed a flattening of 0.8 D (mean keratometry) after single overnight usage of OK lens and overall flattening of 1.2 D compared to baseline, at the end of four months. The change in contrast sensitivity, corneal endothelial specular count, axial length and tear film status was not significant in either group. Conclusion: Orthokeratology is an effective and safe modality to correct moderate myopia in motivated young adults. No side effects were encountered after a short-term follow-up in participants who resided in semi-tropical environments.

scholarly journals Is the central corneal thickness of diabetic patients thicker than that of non-diabetics’ eyes?

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solani D. Mathebula ◽  
Tshegofatso M. Segoati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of the study was to evaluate central corneal thickness in diabetic patients and to compare the results with controls without diabetes mellitus. Sixty-five diabetic patients (65 eyes) constituted the study group, and 50 eyes were from the healthy control group (50 non-diabetic patients). The study group was subdivided into group 1 (no diabetic retinopathy, n = 35), group 2 (mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, n = 20), and group 3 (proliferative diabetic retinopathy, n = 10). Central corneal thickness measurements in microns were determined using ultrasound pachymetry. The mean central corneal thickness was significantly greater in the study group (567.14 μm ± 14.63 μm) than in the control group (531.14 μm ± 5 μm). In addition, the mean central corneal thickness was found to be greater in group 3 (577 μm ± 12 μm) than in groups 1 (562 μm ± 13 μm) and 2 (566.86 μm ± 15 μm), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. We found that the mean central corneal thickness for diabetic patients was thicker than that of the healthy controls. Thicker central corneas associated with diabetes mellitus should be taken into consideration when obtaining accurate intraocular pressure measurements in diabetics.

scholarly journals Are Contrast Sensitivity Functions Impaired in Insulin Dependent Diabetics Without Diabetic Retinopathy?

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Liška ◽  
Miroslav Dostálek
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Sensitivity Functions ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Purpose: To confirm the influence of multilevel metabolic disturbance of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on the vision even before the onset of the other changes routinely evaluated by ophthalmologists. Methods: Contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) were estimated using the VCTS 6500 board. The standardised measurement procedure was performed. The value of the threshold contrast sensitivity was obtained for five spatial frequencies (1.5 - 3 - 6 - 12 - 18 c/deg). Other data was collected (duration of diabetes, BCVA, funduscopy, fluoresceine angiography, HbA1C). The study group consisted of 48 IDDM patients (94 eyes) without diabetic retinopathy and with Snellen BCVA > 1.0. The control group (56 normals, 98 eyes) was age and BCVA matched. Results: Highly statistically significant decrease of the CSFs in all spatial frequencies in the study group was obtained. Correlation between duration of the diabetes and impaired degree of CSFs was present in the middle spatial frequency. No significant changes in CSFs were found among patients with pathological value of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c (>7.8 %). Conclusions: If compared with routinely used Snellen visual acuity, the CSFs are more complex descriptors of the subjects vision abilities. IDDM has an influence on these sensitive functions, especially during examination in the middle spatial frequency of 6 and 12 c/deg, before disturbing visual acuity and before changes in the retinal morphology. Decrease of CSFs was influenced mainly by the patients’ age and partially (in the middle spatial frequency) by the IDDM duration.

scholarly journals Comparing biometry in normal eyes of children with unilateral cataract/corneal disease to age-matched controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Adem Gul ◽  
Adnan Cinal ◽  
Cagatay Caglar ◽  
Tekin Yasar ◽  
Adil Kilic
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Lens Thickness ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To compare ocular biometry and central corneal thickness of unaffected healthy eyes of pediatric patients with monocular cataracts/corneal opacities and age- matched controls.Materials and methods: We studied 329 eyes of 329 children who were between 1 and 12 years old. The study group (n: 164) consisted of healthy fellow eyes of children operated for unilateral congenital/traumatic cataract and corneal laceration. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, and central corneal thickness were measured by ultrasound biometry/ pachymetry. Results: Axial length was 22.16 mm in the study group and 21.99 mm in the control group. Anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth results were 3.35; 3.64 and 15.20 in the treatment group and 3.20; 3.63, and 15.15 mm in the control group, respectively. The axial length and all the components, i.e. anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth are higher in the unaffected healthy eyes of the pediatric patients than that of the control group but only the difference in the anterior chamber depth was statistically significant. The central corneal thickness was 548 microns and 559 microns in the study and the control groups, respectively, and the difference was found to be significant. Conclusion: Greater anterior chamber depth was chiefly responsible for the overall increase in the axial length in the study group. The central corneal thickness was significantly thinner in the study group than that of the control group. 

scholarly journals Lutein-Containing Antioxidants in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Dry Type of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Dorofeev
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Spatial Contrast Sensitivity

Objective.To assess the dynamics of structural-functional markers in patients with combined pathology: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with the background of lutein-containing drugs at long-term follow-up.Patients and Methods.The period of research was from November 2016 to January 2018; A parallel prospective study of patients (88 eyes), mean age 67.81 ± 8.41 (M ± σ); 67.64 (63.14; 73.08) (Me, Q25%, Q75%) years with combined pathology POAG and AMD (AREDS I and II). Patients were divided into 2 groups, the first group — a study group received Retinorm, by 1 capsule 3 times a day during a meal for 1 year, a second control group of 17 patients (32 eyes) did not receive lutein-containing medicines during the observation period. The study group consisted of 29 patients (55 eyes). There were 7 males and 22 females among them. The control group consisted of 19 patients (33 eyes), 2 males and 17 females among them. Visual acuity, standard automatic computer perimetry, optical coherence tomography, determination of spatial contrast sensitivity was carried out in all patients at the beginning of the study and after 1 year.Results.The maximum correlated visual acuity (MCVA) according to the table ETDRS increased in the study group and decreased in the control group, 95% the confidence interval for the changes in the MCVA: 0.1813636; 1.018182; 1.927273 и –3.878788; –2.393939; –0.8477273 (optotypes), respectively (W = 499.5; p = 0,0002919). Statistically significant changes in the thickness of the layer of nerve fibers of the retina (RNFL) neither in the middle nor in the sectors was revealed, and the thickness of the retina in oval foveal zone by sector: upper, temporal and lower statistically significantly decreased in the control group, while remaining unchanged in the observation group (р < 0.05). Spatial contrast sensitivity (SCS) after 1 year of use Retinorm remained at the same level in the control group, while there was a statistically significant increase in spatial contrast sensitivity in the main group, especially at high spatial frequencies is observed (р < 0.05).Conclusion.The results of the study indicate a positive effect of Retinorm used for 1 year. It was reflected in the improvement visual acuity in the distance, improvement of spatial contrast sensitivity, especially at high spatial frequencies, and the preservation of structural retinal indices both in the foveal zone and peripapillary.

scholarly journals Refractive outcome and tomographic changes after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty in pseudophakic eyes with Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishr Agha ◽  
Nura Ahmad ◽  
Daniel G. Dawson ◽  
Thomas Kohnen ◽  
Ingo Schmack
Keyword(s):  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Corneal Densitometry ◽  
Scheimpflug Imaging ◽  
Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy ◽  
Posterior Corneal Astigmatism

Abstract Purpose To analyze refractive and topographic changes secondary to Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in pseudophakic eyes with Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy (FED). Methods Eighty-seven pseudophakic eyes of 74 patients who underwent subsequent DMEK surgery for corneal endothelial decompensation and associated visual impairment were included. Median post-operative follow-up time was 12 months (range: 3–26 months). Main outcome measures were pre- and post-operative manifest refraction, anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism, simulated keratometry (CASimK) and Q value obtained by Scheimpflug imaging. Secondary outcome measures included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), central corneal densitometry, central corneal thickness, corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Results After DMEK surgery, mean pre-operative spherical equivalent (± SD) changed from + 0.04 ± 1.73 D to + 0.37 ± 1.30 D post-operatively (p = 0.06). CDVA, proportion of emmetropic eyes, ACV and ACD increased significantly during follow-up. There was also a significant decrease in posterior corneal astigmatism, central corneal densitometry, central corneal thickness and corneal volume over time (p = 0.001). Only anterior corneal astigmatism and simulated keratometry (CASimK) remained fairly stable after DMEK. Conclusion Despite tendencies toward a hyperopic shift, changes in SE were not significant and refraction remained overall stable in pseudophakic patients undergoing DMEK for FED. Analysis of corneal parameters by Scheimpflug imaging mainly revealed changes in posterior corneal astigmatism pointing out the relevance of posterior corneal profile changes during edema resolution after DMEK.

scholarly journals Corneal Biomechanical Parameters and Central Corneal Thickness in Glaucoma Patients, Glaucoma Suspects, and a Healthy Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2637
Author(s):  
Mª. Ángeles del Buey-Sayas ◽  
Elena Lanchares-Sancho ◽  
Pilar Campins-Falcó ◽  
María Dolores Pinazo-Durán ◽  
Cristina Peris-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To evaluate and compare corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and central corneal thickness (CCT), measurements were taken between a healthy population (controls), patients diagnosed with glaucoma (DG), and glaucoma suspect patients due to ocular hypertension (OHT), family history of glaucoma (FHG), or glaucoma-like optic discs (GLD). Additionally, Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc) were compared between the different groups of patients. Methods: In this prospective analytical-observational study, a total of 1065 patients (one eye of each) were recruited to undergo Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) testing, ultrasound pachymetry, and clinical examination. Corneal biomechanical parameters (CH, CRF), CCT, IOPg, and IOPcc were measured in the control group (n = 574) and the other groups: DG (n = 147), FHG (n = 78), GLD (n = 90), and OHT (n = 176). We performed a variance analysis (ANOVA) for all the dependent variables according to the different diagnostic categories with multiple comparisons to identify the differences between the diagnostic categories, deeming p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The mean CH in the DG group (9.69 mmHg) was significantly lower compared to controls (10.75 mmHg; mean difference 1.05, p < 0.001), FHG (10.70 mmHg; mean difference 1.00, p < 0.05), GLD (10.63 mmHg; mean difference 0.93, p < 0.05) and OHT (10.54 mmHg; mean difference 0.84, p < 0.05). No glaucoma suspects (FHG, GLD, OHT groups) presented significant differences between themselves and the control group (p = 1.00). No statistically significant differences were found in the mean CRF between DG (11.18 mmHg) and the control group (10.75 mmHg; mean difference 0.42, p = 0.40). The FHG and OHT groups showed significantly higher mean CRF values (12.32 and 12.41 mmHg, respectively) than the DG group (11.18 mmHg), with mean differences of 1.13 (p < 0.05) and 1.22 (p < 0.001), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in CCT in the analysis between DG (562 μ) and the other groups (control = 556 μ, FHG = 576 μ, GLD = 569 μ, OHT = 570 μ). The means of IOPg and IOPcc values were higher in the DG patient and suspect groups than in the control group, with statistically significant differences in all groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study presents corneal biomechanical values (CH, CRF), CCT, IOPg, and IOPcc for diagnosed glaucoma patients, three suspected glaucoma groups, and a healthy population, using the ORA. Mean CH values were markedly lower in the DG group (diagnosed with glaucoma damage) compared to the other groups. No significant difference was found in CCT between the DG and control groups. Unexpectedly, CRF showed higher values in all groups than in the control group, but the difference was only statistically significant in the suspect groups (FHG, GLD, and OHT), not in the DG group.

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