Effectiveness of school-based physical activity programmes on cardiorespiratory fitness in children: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (19) ◽  
pp. 1234-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana P Pozuelo-Carrascosa ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Celia Álvarez-Bueno ◽  
Mairena Sánchez-López ◽  
Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
School Based ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo conduct a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials aimed at testing whether school-based physical activity programmes improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesUsing keywords, we performed a computerised search in five databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and SportDiscus.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies that assessed the effectiveness of school-based physical activity programmes on improving CRF in children (3–12 years old). We selected interventions that included an additional physical activity programme and not only a physical activity educational component. The reference lists of selected full-text articles and systematic reviews were also searched for relevant studies. Pooled effect size (Hedges′ g) was calculated assuming a random-effects model.ResultsTwenty trials with 7287 healthy children aged 3–12 years were included in the meta-analysis. School-based physical activity interventions with aerobic games and activities were associated with a significant small increase in CRF (Hedges′ g=0.22; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.30; p<0.001). Based on subgroup analysis, the increase in CRF was significant in girls (Hedges′ g=0.25; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.37; p<0.001), but not in boys (Hedges′ g=0.02; 95% CI −0.10 to 0.14; p=0.731).SummaryModerate quality evidence supports the effectiveness of school-based physical activity interventions on improving CRF in children.Trial registration numberProtocol PROSPERO registration number CRD42016050173.

scholarly journals Physical activity interventions for adults who are visually impaired: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e034036
Author(s):  
Joanna Sweeting ◽  
Dafna Merom ◽  
Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti ◽  
Michael Antoun ◽  
Kate Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

ObjectivesCompared with sighted individuals, people with visual impairment have a higher prevalence of chronic conditions and lower levels of physical activity. This review aims to systematically review physical activity interventions for those with a visual impairment and to assess their effectiveness.DesignA systematic review of articles reporting physical activity interventions in visually impaired individuals was conducted. Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database were searched in August 2018. Meta-analyses were conducted on randomised controlled trials with the same outcome measure.SettingMost interventions were conducted in a group setting, with some including an at-home, self-directed component.ParticipantsFollowing identification of a recent systematic review of physical activity interventions in children, our review focused on adults aged 18 years and older with a visual impairment.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcomes included measures of balance, mobility, mental well-being (eg, quality of life), number of falls, muscle strength, flexibility and gait.ResultsEighteen papers from 17 studies met inclusion criteria. Physical activity components include falls prevention and/or balance-based activities, walking, tai chi, Alexander Technique, Yoga, dance, aerobics and core stability training. Significant results in favour of the intervention were reported most commonly in measures of functional capacity (9/17 studies) and in falls/balance-related outcomes (7/13 studies). The studies identified were generally small and diverse in study design, and risk of bias was high across several categories for most studies. Meta-analyses indicated non-significant effects of the included interventions on the Timed Up and Go, Chair Sit Test and Berg Balance Scale.ConclusionsPhysical activity interventions in individuals with visual impairment incorporating activities such as tai chi, Yoga and dance can have positive results, particularly in physical measures such as mobility and balance. However, when performing a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, the evidence for effectiveness is less clear. More studies with larger sample sizes, stronger designs and longer follow-up periods are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018103638.

Treating depression with physical activity in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1068-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Bailey ◽  
S. E. Hetrick ◽  
S. Rosenbaum ◽  
R. Purcell ◽  
A. G. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractWe aimed to establish the treatment effect of physical activity for depression in young people through meta-analysis. Four databases were searched to September 2016 for randomised controlled trials of physical activity interventions for adolescents and young adults, 12–25 years, experiencing a diagnosis or threshold symptoms of depression. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the standardised mean difference (SMD) between physical activity and control conditions. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression investigated potential treatment effect modifiers. Acceptability was estimated using dropout. Trials were assessed against risk of bias domains and overall quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. Seventeen trials were eligible and 16 provided data from 771 participants showing a large effect of physical activity on depression symptoms compared to controls (SMD = −0.82, 95% CI = −1.02 to −0.61, p < 0.05, I2 = 38%). The effect remained robust in trials with clinical samples (k = 5, SMD = −0.72, 95% CI = −1.15 to −0.30), and in trials using attention/activity placebo controls (k = 7, SMD = −0.82, 95% CI = −1.05 to −0.59). Dropout was 11% across physical activity arms and equivalent in controls (k = 12, RD = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.04 to 0.03, p = 0.70). However, the quality of RCT-level evidence contributing to the primary analysis was downgraded two levels to LOW (trial-level risk of bias, suspected publication bias), suggesting uncertainty in the size of effect and caution in its interpretation. While physical activity appears to be a promising and acceptable intervention for adolescents and young adults experiencing depression, robust clinical effectiveness trials that minimise risk of bias are required to increase confidence in the current finding. The specific intervention characteristics required to improve depression remain unclear, however best candidates given current evidence may include, but are not limited to, supervised, aerobic-based activity of moderate-to-vigorous intensity, engaged in multiple times per week over eight or more weeks. Further research is needed. (Registration: PROSPERO-CRD 42015024388).

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