scholarly journals Do multi-ingredient protein supplements augment resistance training-induced gains in skeletal muscle mass and strength? A systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry R O’Bryan ◽  
Thomas M Doering ◽  
Robert W Morton ◽  
Vernon G Coffey ◽  
Stuart M Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of multi-ingredient protein (MIP) supplements on resistance exercise training (RT)-induced gains in muscle mass and strength compared with protein-only (PRO) or placebo supplementation.Data sourcesSystematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials with interventions including RT ≥6 weeks in duration and a MIP supplement.DesignRandom effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine the effect of supplementation on fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, one-repetition maximum (1RM) upper body and 1RM lower body muscular strength. Subgroup analyses compared the efficacy of MIP supplementation relative to training status and chronological age.ResultsThe most common MIP supplements included protein with creatine (n=17) or vitamin D (n=10). Data from 35 trials with 1387 participants showed significant (p<0.05) increases in FFM (0.80 kg (95% CI 0.44 to 1.15)), 1RM lower body (4.22 kg (95% CI 0.79 to 7.64)) and 1RM upper body (2.56 kg (95% CI 0.79 to 4.33)) where a supplement was compared with all non-MIP supplemented conditions (means (95% CI)). Subgroup analyses indicated a greater effect of MIP supplements compared with all non-MIP supplements on FFM in untrained (0.95 kg (95% CI 0.51 to 1.39), p<0.0001) and older participants (0.77 kg (95% CI 0.11 to 1.43), p=0.02); taking MIP supplements was also associated with gains in 1RM upper body (1.56 kg (95% CI 0.80 to 2.33), p=0.01) in older adults.Summary/conclusionsWhen MIP supplements were combined with resistance exercise training, there were greater gains in FFM and strength in healthy adults than in counterparts who were supplemented with non-MIP. MIP supplements were not superior when directly compared with PRO supplements. The magnitude of effect of MIP supplements was greater (in absolute values) in untrained and elderly individuals undertaking RT than it was in trained individuals and in younger people.Trial registration numberCRD42017081970.

scholarly journals Preserved Capacity for Adaptations in Strength and Muscle Regulatory Factors in Elderly in Response to Resistance Exercise Training and Deconditioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mæchel Fritzen ◽  
Frank D. Thøgersen ◽  
Khaled Abdul Nasser Qadri ◽  
Thomas Krag ◽  
Marie-Louise Sveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factors ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscle Regulatory Factors

Aging is related to an inevitable loss of muscle mass and strength. The mechanisms behind age-related loss of muscle tissue are not fully understood but may, among other things, be induced by age-related differences in myogenic regulatory factors. Resistance exercise training and deconditioning offers a model to investigate differences in myogenic regulatory factors that may be important for age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Nine elderly (82 ± 7 years old) and nine young, healthy persons (22 ± 2 years old) participated in the study. Exercise consisted of six weeks of resistance training of the quadriceps muscle followed by eight weeks of deconditioning. Muscle biopsy samples before and after training and during the deconditioning period were analyzed for MyoD, myogenin, insulin-like growth-factor I receptor, activin receptor IIB, smad2, porin, and citrate synthase. Muscle strength improved with resistance training by 78% (95.0 ± 22.0 kg) in the elderly to a similar extent as in the young participants (83.5%; 178.2 ± 44.2 kg) and returned to baseline in both groups after eight weeks of deconditioning. No difference was seen in expression of muscle regulatory factors between elderly and young in response to exercise training and deconditioning. In conclusion, the capacity to gain muscle strength with resistance exercise training in elderly was not impaired, highlighting this as a potent tool to combat age-related loss of muscle function, possibly due to preserved regulation of myogenic factors in elderly compared with young muscle.

scholarly journals Prolonged Collagen Peptide Supplementation and Resistance Exercise Training Affects Body Composition in Recreationally Active Men

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Kirmse ◽  
Vanessa Oertzen-Hagemann ◽  
Markus de Marées ◽  
Wilhelm Bloch ◽  
Petra Platen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Collagen Peptides ◽  
Collagen Peptide ◽  
Double Blinded

We aimed to determine the effects of long-term collagen peptide (CP) supplementation and resistance exercise training (RET) on body composition, strength, and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) in recreationally active men. Fifty-seven young men were randomly and double-blinded divided into a group receiving either collagen peptides (COL, 15 g/day) or a placebo (PLA). Strength testing, bioimpedance analysis, and muscle biopsies were used prior to and after an RET intervention. Food record protocols were performed during the RET intervention. The groups trained three times a week for 12 weeks. Baseline parameters showed no differences between groups, and the external training load and dietary food intake were also similar. COL showed a significant increase in fat-free mass (FFM) compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). Body fat mass (BFM) was unchanged in COL, whereas a significant increase in BFM was observed in PLA. Both groups showed significant increases in all strength tests, with a trend for a slightly more pronounced effect in COL. The fCSA of type II muscle fibers increased significantly in both groups without differences between the two groups. We firstly demonstrated improved body composition in healthy, recreationally active men subsequent to prolonged CP supplementation in combination with RET. As the observed increase in FFM was not reflected in differences in fCSA hypertrophy between groups, we assume enhanced passive connective tissue adaptations in COL due to CP intake.

Effects of resistance exercise training on redox homeostasis in older adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 111012
Author(s):  
Iván Cuyul-Vásquez ◽  
Lily Berríos-Contreras ◽  
Stephanie Soto-Fuentes ◽  
Karina Hunter-Echeverría ◽  
Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training

Effect of leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 2095-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nissen ◽  
R. Sharp ◽  
M. Ray ◽  
J. A. Rathmacher ◽  
D. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Linear Decrease ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Leucine Metabolite

Nissen, S., R. Sharp, M. Ray, J. A. Rathmacher, D. Rice, J. C. Fuller, Jr., A. S. Connelly, and N. Abumrad. Effect of leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 2095–2104, 1996.—The effects of dietary supplementation with the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) were studied in two experiments. In study 1, subjects ( n = 41) were randomized among three levels of HMB supplementation (0, 1.5 or 3.0 g HMB/day) and two protein levels (normal, 117 g/day, or high, 175 g/day) and weight lifted for 1.5 h 3 days/wk for 3 wk. In study 2, subjects ( n = 28) were fed either 0 or 3.0 g HMB/day and weight lifted for 2–3 h 6 days/wk for 7 wk. In study 1, HMB significantly decreased the exercise-induced rise in muscle proteolysis as measured by urine 3-methylhistidine during the first 2 wk of exercise (linear decrease, P < 0.04). Plasma creatine phosphokinase was also decreased with HMB supplementation ( week 3, linear decrease, P < 0.05). Weight lifted was increased by HMB supplementation when compared with the unsupplemented subjects during each week of the study (linear increase, P < 0.02). In study 2, fat-free mass was significantly increased in HMB-supplemented subjects compared with the unsupplemented group at 2 and 4–6 wk of the study ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with either 1.5 or 3 g HMB/day can partly prevent exercise-induced proteolysis and/or muscle damage and result in larger gains in muscle function associated with resistance training.

scholarly journals Effects of Testosterone on Serum Concentrations, Fat-free Mass, and Physical Performance by Population: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa N Varanoske ◽  
Lee M Margolis ◽  
Stefan M Pasiakos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Young Males ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Testosterone (T) administration (TA) increases serum T and fat-free mass (FFM). Although TA-mediated increases in FFM may enhance physical performance, the data are largely equivocal, which may be due to differences in study populations, the magnitude of change in serum T and FFM, or the performance metrics. This meta-analysis explored effects of TA on serum T, FFM, and performance. Associations between increases in serum T and FFM were assessed, and whether changes in serum T or FFM, study population, or the performance metrics affected performance was determined. A systematic review of double-blind randomized trials comparing TA versus placebo on serum T, FFM, and performance was performed. Data were extracted from 20 manuscripts. Effect sizes (ESs) were assessed using Hedge’s g and a random effects model. Data are presented as ES (95% confidence interval). No significant correlation between changes in serum T and FFM was observed (P = .167). Greater increases in serum T, but not FFM, resulted in larger effects on performance. Larger increases in testosterone (7.26 [0.76-13.75]) and FFM (0.80 [0.20-1.41]) were observed in young males, but performance only improved in diseased (0.16 [0.05-0.28]) and older males (0.19 [0.10-0.29]). TA increased lower body (0.12 [0.07-0.18]), upper body (0.26 [0.11-0.40]), and handgrip (0.13 [0.04-0.22]) strength, lower body muscular endurance (0.38 [0.09-0.68]), and functional performance (0.20 [0.00-0.41]), but not lower body power or aerobic endurance. TA elicits increases in serum T and FFM in younger, older, and diseased males; however, the performance-enhancing effects of TA across studies were small, observed mostly in muscular strength and endurance, and only in older and diseased males.

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