Increased Muscle Mass after Resistance Exercise Training and Ingestion of Silkworm Pupae Powder (Bombyx mori L.) in ICR Mice

Aging is related to an inevitable loss of muscle mass and strength. The mechanisms behind age-related loss of muscle tissue are not fully understood but may, among other things, be induced by age-related differences in myogenic regulatory factors. Resistance exercise training and deconditioning offers a model to investigate differences in myogenic regulatory factors that may be important for age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Nine elderly (82 ± 7 years old) and nine young, healthy persons (22 ± 2 years old) participated in the study. Exercise consisted of six weeks of resistance training of the quadriceps muscle followed by eight weeks of deconditioning. Muscle biopsy samples before and after training and during the deconditioning period were analyzed for MyoD, myogenin, insulin-like growth-factor I receptor, activin receptor IIB, smad2, porin, and citrate synthase. Muscle strength improved with resistance training by 78% (95.0 ± 22.0 kg) in the elderly to a similar extent as in the young participants (83.5%; 178.2 ± 44.2 kg) and returned to baseline in both groups after eight weeks of deconditioning. No difference was seen in expression of muscle regulatory factors between elderly and young in response to exercise training and deconditioning. In conclusion, the capacity to gain muscle strength with resistance exercise training in elderly was not impaired, highlighting this as a potent tool to combat age-related loss of muscle function, possibly due to preserved regulation of myogenic factors in elderly compared with young muscle.

Download Full-text

Markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle mass and function, and their responses to resistance exercise training in older adults

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 101-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ciriaco Carru ◽

Mariasole Da Boit ◽

Panagiotis Paliogiannis ◽

Angelo Zinellu ◽

Salvatore Sotgia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Older Adults ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

And Function

Download Full-text

Do multi-ingredient protein supplements augment resistance training-induced gains in skeletal muscle mass and strength? A systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 trials

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2018-099889 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 573-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Kerry R O’Bryan ◽

Thomas M Doering ◽

Robert W Morton ◽

Vernon G Coffey ◽

Stuart M Phillips ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Upper Body ◽

Lower Body ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Subgroup Analyses

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of multi-ingredient protein (MIP) supplements on resistance exercise training (RT)-induced gains in muscle mass and strength compared with protein-only (PRO) or placebo supplementation.Data sourcesSystematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials with interventions including RT ≥6 weeks in duration and a MIP supplement.DesignRandom effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine the effect of supplementation on fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, one-repetition maximum (1RM) upper body and 1RM lower body muscular strength. Subgroup analyses compared the efficacy of MIP supplementation relative to training status and chronological age.ResultsThe most common MIP supplements included protein with creatine (n=17) or vitamin D (n=10). Data from 35 trials with 1387 participants showed significant (p<0.05) increases in FFM (0.80 kg (95% CI 0.44 to 1.15)), 1RM lower body (4.22 kg (95% CI 0.79 to 7.64)) and 1RM upper body (2.56 kg (95% CI 0.79 to 4.33)) where a supplement was compared with all non-MIP supplemented conditions (means (95% CI)). Subgroup analyses indicated a greater effect of MIP supplements compared with all non-MIP supplements on FFM in untrained (0.95 kg (95% CI 0.51 to 1.39), p<0.0001) and older participants (0.77 kg (95% CI 0.11 to 1.43), p=0.02); taking MIP supplements was also associated with gains in 1RM upper body (1.56 kg (95% CI 0.80 to 2.33), p=0.01) in older adults.Summary/conclusionsWhen MIP supplements were combined with resistance exercise training, there were greater gains in FFM and strength in healthy adults than in counterparts who were supplemented with non-MIP. MIP supplements were not superior when directly compared with PRO supplements. The magnitude of effect of MIP supplements was greater (in absolute values) in untrained and elderly individuals undertaking RT than it was in trained individuals and in younger people.Trial registration numberCRD42017081970.

Download Full-text

Resistance exercise and the mechanisms of muscle mass regulation in humans: Acute effects on muscle protein turnover and the gaps in our understanding of chronic resistance exercise training adaptation

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology ◽

10.1016/j.biocel.2013.07.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 2209-2214 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A.J. Murton ◽

P.L. Greenhaff

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Protein Turnover ◽

Muscle Protein ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Muscle Protein Turnover ◽

Training Adaptation

Download Full-text

Influence of combined vitamin D3supplementation and resistance exercise training on musculoskeletal health in older men and women (EXVITD): protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033824 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e033824

Author(s):

Anneka Elizabeth Welford ◽

Susan Lanham-New ◽

Janet Lord ◽

Alison Doyle ◽

Julie Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Sheltered Housing ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Men And Women ◽

Musculoskeletal Function ◽

And Function

IntroductionSarcopenia is a progressive loss in muscle mass, strength and function, the adverse consequences of which are severe, affecting quality of life and placing an increasing burden on social and healthcare systems. Vitamin D status is known to be associated with markers of sarcopenia, namely muscle mass, strength and function. Also, resistance exercise training (RET) is currently the only proven intervention to treat sarcopenia. However, very little data exist on the influence of combining the two interventions of vitamin D supplementation and resistance exercise training, although a recent systematic review provides tentative support for the current study’s hypothesis that the combined intervention may further improve musculoskeletal function above exercise training alone. The aim of the present study is to determine whether vitamin D3supplementation is any more effective in improving musculoskeletal function when combined with RET compared with exercise training alone in older adults.Methods and analysisThis double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial will recruit a target of 127 eligible men and women aged ≥65 years living independently or in sheltered housing within the Birmingham area to two groups: (1) 6 months RET and placebo or (2) 6 months RET and 800 IU/d vitamin D3. Measures of muscle power (Nottingham Power Rig), body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle function (short physical performance battery, timed up and go), falls and fractures as events will be assessed. Assessments will take place at baseline and postintervention, with intermittent monitoring of bone turnover, calcium and vitamin D. The primary outcome will be lower limb extensor power output. Analyses of within-group changes and between-group differences in outcome measures are planned.Ethics and disseminationThe EXVITD study has ethical approval granted by the Black Country National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (14/WM/1220). Results of this trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. The study is being conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.Trial registration numberNCT02467153; Post-results.

Download Full-text