Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29

Abstract Objectives The epidemiology of Behçet’s disease (BD) has not been well characterized in the UK. Evidence on the risk of cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic disease and mortality in patients with BD compared with the general population is scarce. Methods We used a large UK primary care database to investigate the epidemiology of BD. A retrospective matched cohort study was used to assess the following outcomes: risk of cardiovascular, thromboembolic disease and mortality. Controls were selected at a 1:4 ratio (age and gender matched). Cox proportional hazard models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (aHR). Results The prevalence of BD was 14.61 (95% CI 13.35–15.88) per 100 000 population in 2017. A total of 1281 patients with BD were compared with 5124 age- and gender-matched controls. There was significantly increased risk of ischaemic heart disease [aHR 3.09 (1.28–7.44)], venous thrombosis [aHR 4.80 (2.42–9.54)] and mortality [aHR 1.40 (1.07–1.84)] in patients with BD compared with corresponding controls. Patients with BD were at higher risk of pulmonary embolism compared with corresponding controls at baseline [adjusted odds ratio 4.64 (2.66–8.09), P < 0.0001]. The majority of patients with pulmonary embolism and a diagnosis of BD had pulmonary embolism preceding the diagnosis of BD, not after (87.5%; n = 28/32). Conclusion BD has a higher prevalence than previously thought. Physicians should be aware of the increased risk of developing ischaemic heart disease, stroke/transient ischaemic attack and deep venous thrombosis in patients with BD at an earlier age compared with the general population. Risk of embolism in patients with BD might vary across the disease course.

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Incidence of Ischaemic Heart Disease in Men and Women With End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study

Heart Lung and Circulation ◽

10.1016/j.hlc.2020.03.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1517-1526 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emma O'Lone ◽

Patrick J. Kelly ◽

Philip Masson ◽

Sradha Kotwal ◽

Martin Gallagher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

End Stage Kidney Disease ◽

Men And Women ◽

End Stage

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Hyperlipidaemic xanthomatosis. I. Increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease in first degree relatives of 53 patients with essential hyperlipidaemia and xanthomatosis.

Journal of Medical Genetics ◽

10.1136/jmg.5.1.4 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 4-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J Slack ◽

N C Nevin

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Increased Risk

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Survival of people with valvular heart disease in a large, English community-based cohort study

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318823 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. heartjnl-2020-318823

Author(s):

Clare J Taylor ◽

José M Ordóñez-Mena ◽

Nicholas R Jones ◽

Andrea K Roalfe ◽

Saul G Myerson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Valvular Heart Disease ◽

Outcome Analysis ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

National Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Aortic Sclerosis ◽

Clinically Significant

ObjectiveValvular heart disease (VHD) is present in half the population aged >65 years but is usually mild and of uncertain importance. We investigated the association between VHD and its phenotypes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.MethodsThe OxVALVE (Oxford Valvular Heart Disease) population cohort study screened 4009 participants aged >65 years to establish the presence and severity of VHD. We linked data to a national mortality registry and undertook detailed outcome analysis.ResultsMortality data were available for 3511 participants, of whom 361 (10.3%) died (median 6.49 years follow-up). Most had some form of valve abnormality (n=2645, 70.2%). In adjusted analyses, neither mild VHD (prevalence 44.9%) nor clinically significant VHD (moderate or severe stenosis or regurgitation; 5.2%) was associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.51 and HR 1.47, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.31, respectively). Conversely, advanced aortic sclerosis (prevalence 2.25%) and advanced mitral annular calcification (MAC, 1.31%) were associated with an increased risk of death (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.30 and HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.41 to 4.49, respectively). Mortality was highest for people with both clinically significant VHD and advanced aortic sclerosis or MAC (HR 4.38, 95% CI 1.99 to 9.67).ConclusionsAdvanced aortic sclerosis or MAC is associated with a worse outcome, particularly for patients with significant VHD, but also in the absence of other VHD. Older patients with mild VHD can be reassured about their prognosis. The absence of an association between significant VHD and mortality may reflect its relatively low prevalence in our cohort.

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The Increased Risk of Death from Ischaemic Heart Disease in First Degree Relatives of 121 Men and 96 Women with Ischaemic Heart Disease

Journal of Medical Genetics ◽

10.1136/jmg.3.4.239 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 239-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 208

Author(s):

J. Slack ◽

K. A. Evans

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Increased Risk

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Long-term transportation noise exposure and incidence of ischaemic heart disease and stroke: a cohort study

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2018-105333 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. oemed-2018-105333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrei Pyko ◽

Niklas Andersson ◽

Charlotta Eriksson ◽

Ulf de Faire ◽

Tomas Lind ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Aircraft Noise ◽

Transportation Noise ◽

Increased Risk

BackgroundThere is limited evidence from longitudinal studies on transportation noise from different sources and development of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke.ObjectivesThis cohort study assessed associations between exposure to noise from road traffic, railway or aircraft and incidence of IHD and stroke.MethodsIn a cohort of 20 012 individuals from Stockholm County, we estimated long-term residential exposure to road traffic, railway and aircraft noise. National Patient and Cause-of-Death Registers were used to identify IHD and stroke events. Information on risk factors was obtained from questionnaires and registers. Adjusted HR for cardiovascular outcomes related to source-specific noise exposure were computed using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsNo clear or consistent associations were observed between transportation noise and incidence of IHD or stroke. However, noise exposure from road traffic and aircraft was related to IHD incidence in women, with HR of 1.11 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.22) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.44) per 10 dB Lden, respectively. For both sexes taken together, we observed a particularly high risk of IHD in those exposed to all three transportation noise sources at≥45 dB Lden, with a HR of 1.57 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.32), and a similar tendency for stroke (HR 1.42; 95% CI 0.87 to 2.32).ConclusionNo overall associations were observed between transportation noise exposure and incidence of IHD or stroke. However, there appeared to be an increased risk of IHD in women exposed to road traffic or aircraft noise as well as in those exposed to multiple sources of transportation noise.

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Incidence of cardiometabolic diseases in people living with and without HIV in the UK: a population-based matched cohort study

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiab420 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tiffany E Gooden ◽

Mike Gardner ◽

Jingya Wang ◽

Kate Jolly ◽

Deirdre A Lane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Evidence on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors in people with HIV (PWH) is limited. We aimed to identify the risk of composite CVD, individual CVD events and common risk factors. Methods This was a nationwide population-based cohort study comparing adult (≥18y) PWH with HIV-negative individuals matched on age, sex, ethnicity and location. The primary outcome was composite CVD comprising stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. The secondary outcomes were individual CVD events, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the risk of each outcome. Results We identified 9233 PWH and 35721 HIV-negative individuals. An increased risk was found for composite CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.50, 95% CI 1.28-1.77), stroke (aHR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.86), ischaemic heart disease (aHR 1.55, 95% CI 1.24-1.94), hypertension (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.23-1.53), type 2 diabetes (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.50), CKD (aHR 2.42, 95% CI 1.98-2.94) and all-cause mortality (aHR 2.84, 95% CI (2.48-3.25). Conclusions PWH have a heightened risk for CVD and common CVD risk factors, reinforcing the importance for regular screening for such conditions.

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Fetal growth rate affects risk of ischaemic heart disease

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.317.7153.0b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 317 (7153) ◽

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Fetal Growth

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Placental weight and foetal growth rate as predictors of ischaemic heart disease in a Swedish cohort

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174414000142 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 164-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Heshmati ◽

I. Koupil

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Social Class ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Placental Weight ◽

Men And Women ◽

Foetal Growth ◽

Swedish Cohort

Studies on placental size and cardiovascular disease have shown inconsistent results. We followed 10,503 men and women born in Uppsala, Sweden, 1915–1929 from 1964 to 2008 to assess whether birth characteristics, including placental weight and placenta/birth weight ratio, were predictive of future ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Adjustments were made for birth cohort, age, sex, mother’s parity, birth weight, gestational age and social class at birth. Placental weight and birth weight were negatively associated with IHD. The effect of placental weight on IHD was stronger in individuals from medium social class at birth and in those with low education. Men and women from non-manual social class at birth had the lowest risk for IHD as adults. We conclude that low foetal growth rate rather than placental weight was more predictive of IHD in the Swedish cohort. However, the strong effect of social class at birth on risk for IHD did not appear to be mediated by foetal growth rate.

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