Long-term transportation noise exposure and incidence of ischaemic heart disease and stroke: a cohort study

2019 ◽  
pp. oemed-2018-105333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Pyko ◽  
Niklas Andersson ◽  
Charlotta Eriksson ◽  
Ulf de Faire ◽  
Tomas Lind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Transportation Noise ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThere is limited evidence from longitudinal studies on transportation noise from different sources and development of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke.ObjectivesThis cohort study assessed associations between exposure to noise from road traffic, railway or aircraft and incidence of IHD and stroke.MethodsIn a cohort of 20 012 individuals from Stockholm County, we estimated long-term residential exposure to road traffic, railway and aircraft noise. National Patient and Cause-of-Death Registers were used to identify IHD and stroke events. Information on risk factors was obtained from questionnaires and registers. Adjusted HR for cardiovascular outcomes related to source-specific noise exposure were computed using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsNo clear or consistent associations were observed between transportation noise and incidence of IHD or stroke. However, noise exposure from road traffic and aircraft was related to IHD incidence in women, with HR of 1.11 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.22) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.44) per 10 dB Lden, respectively. For both sexes taken together, we observed a particularly high risk of IHD in those exposed to all three transportation noise sources at≥45 dB Lden, with a HR of 1.57 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.32), and a similar tendency for stroke (HR 1.42; 95% CI 0.87 to 2.32).ConclusionNo overall associations were observed between transportation noise exposure and incidence of IHD or stroke. However, there appeared to be an increased risk of IHD in women exposed to road traffic or aircraft noise as well as in those exposed to multiple sources of transportation noise.

Cardiovascular mortality and transportation noise: a prospective Swiss cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3008-3010
Author(s):  
Danielle Vienneau ◽  
Benjamin Flückiger ◽  
Apolline Saucy ◽  
Louise Tangermann ◽  
Beat Schäffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Transportation Noise ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Transportation noise from road, rail and air traffic can be detrimental to health and wellbeing. Previous studies, including our own, have shown death from specific cardiovascular diseases (CVD) to be associated with these exposures. Now, with 15 years of follow-up, integrated address history and noise exposure data for multiple years corresponding to census decades, we conducted an extended analysis of the Swiss National Cohort. Mean exposure in 5-year periods were calculated, and three virtual sub-cohorts were defined (2001-2006, etc.) in addition to the full cohort (2001-2015). Multi-pollutant (Lden_road, Lden_rail, Lden_air), time dependent Cox proportional hazards models were applied to 4.14 million adults and adjusted for potential confounders and PM2.5. During the 15-year follow-up, there were 277,506 CVD and 34,200 myocardial infarction (MI) deaths. In the full cohort, there was an increased risk of death for road traffic (1.029 [1.024−1.034] CVD; 1.043 [1.029−1.058] MI per 10dB), railway (1.013 [1.010−1.017] CVD; 1.020 [1.010−1.030] MI) and aircraft noise (1.040 [1.020−1.060] MI). For road traffic noise, Hazard ratios (HR) were higher in males vs. females and in younger vs. older age groups. HRs were also remarkably consistent with our previous analysis with follow-up until 2008, and were relatively similar across the three virtual sub-cohorts.

Epidemiology, morbidity and mortality in Behçet’s disease: a cohort study using The Health Improvement Network (THIN)

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 2785-2795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Thomas ◽  
Joht Singh Chandan ◽  
Anuradhaa Subramanian ◽  
Krishna Gokhale ◽  
George Gkoutos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Thromboembolic Disease ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objectives The epidemiology of Behçet’s disease (BD) has not been well characterized in the UK. Evidence on the risk of cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic disease and mortality in patients with BD compared with the general population is scarce. Methods We used a large UK primary care database to investigate the epidemiology of BD. A retrospective matched cohort study was used to assess the following outcomes: risk of cardiovascular, thromboembolic disease and mortality. Controls were selected at a 1:4 ratio (age and gender matched). Cox proportional hazard models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (aHR). Results The prevalence of BD was 14.61 (95% CI 13.35–15.88) per 100 000 population in 2017. A total of 1281 patients with BD were compared with 5124 age- and gender-matched controls. There was significantly increased risk of ischaemic heart disease [aHR 3.09 (1.28–7.44)], venous thrombosis [aHR 4.80 (2.42–9.54)] and mortality [aHR 1.40 (1.07–1.84)] in patients with BD compared with corresponding controls. Patients with BD were at higher risk of pulmonary embolism compared with corresponding controls at baseline [adjusted odds ratio 4.64 (2.66–8.09), P < 0.0001]. The majority of patients with pulmonary embolism and a diagnosis of BD had pulmonary embolism preceding the diagnosis of BD, not after (87.5%; n = 28/32). Conclusion BD has a higher prevalence than previously thought. Physicians should be aware of the increased risk of developing ischaemic heart disease, stroke/transient ischaemic attack and deep venous thrombosis in patients with BD at an earlier age compared with the general population. Risk of embolism in patients with BD might vary across the disease course.

scholarly journals Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29

BMJ ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 317 (7153) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A Leon ◽  
H. O Lithell ◽  
D. Vagero ◽  
I. Koupilova ◽  
R. Mohsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Gallbladder Polyps Increase the Risk of Ischaemic Heart Disease Among Korean Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jae Lee ◽  
Byoungjin Park ◽  
Kyung-Won Hong ◽  
Dong-Hyuk Jung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gallbladder Polyps ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Icd 10

Background: Gallbladder (GB) polyps and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) share some common risk factors. We investigated the longitudinal effects of gallbladder (GB) polyps, as a surrogate metabolic indicator, on IHD.Methods: We enrolled 19,612 participants from the health risk assessment study (HERAS) and Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database. The primary outcome was IHD, which consisted of angina pectoris (ICD-10 code I20) or acute myocardial infarction (ICD-10 code I21) that occurred after enrolment into the study. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD according to the presence of GB polyps using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results: The median follow-up period was 29.9 months and a total of 473 individuals (2.4%, 473/19,612) developed IHD. Individuals with GB polyps had an increased risk of IHD compared with the control group after adjusting for potential confounding variables (HR = 1.425; 95% CI, 1.028–1.975). Furthermore, the coexistence of hypertension or dyslipidaemia resulted in an increased risk (HR = 2.14, 95% CI, 1.34–3.44 or HR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.32–3.31, respectively) of new-onset IHD in the GB polyp group.Conclusions: GB polyps was an independent risk factor of IHD. Awareness of these associations will inform clinicians on the need to include cardiovascular risk management as part of the routine management of patients with GB polyps.

Long-term Kidney Outcomes Following Childhood Acute Kidney Injury Receiving Dialysis: A Population-based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. ASN.2020111665
Author(s):  
Cal Robinson ◽  
Nivethika Jeyakumar ◽  
Bin Luo ◽  
Ron Wald ◽  
Amit Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Pediatric Dialysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common during pediatric hospitalizations and associated with adverse short-term outcomes. However, long-term outcomes among survivors of pediatric AKI who received dialysis remain uncertain. Methods To determine the long-term risk of kidney failure (defined as receipt of chronic dialysis or kidney transplant) or death over a 22-year period for pediatric survivors of dialysistreated AKI, we used province-wide health administrative databases to perform a retrospective cohort study of all neonates and children (aged 0-18 years) hospitalized in Ontario, Canada, from April 1, 1996, to March 31, 2017, who survived a dialysis-treated AKI episode. Each AKI survivor was matched to four hospitalized pediatric comparators without dialysis-treated AKI, based on age, sex, and admission year. We reported the incidence of each outcome and performed Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, adjusting for relevant covariates. Results We identified 1688 pediatric dialysis-treated AKI survivors (median age 5 years) and 6752 matched comparators. Among AKI survivors, 53.7% underwent mechanical ventilation and 33.6% had cardiac surgery. During a median 9.6-year follow-up, AKI survivors were at significantly increased risk of a \ composite outcome of kidney failure or death versus comparators. Death occurred in 113 (6.7%) AKI survivors, 44 (2.6%) developed kidney failure, 174 (12.1%) developed hypertension, 213 (13.1%) developed chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 237 (14.0%) had subsequent AKI. AKI survivors had significantly higher risks of developing CKD and hypertension versus comparators. Risks were greatest in the first year after discharge and gradually decreased over time. Conclusions Survivors of pediatric dialysis-treated AKI are at higher long-term risks of kidney failure, death, CKD, and hypertension, compared with a matched hospitalized cohort.

scholarly journals OR17-05 Hypospadias Is a Predictor of Adverse Cardiometabolic Risk in Adulthood - a Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K Lucas-Herald ◽  
Sandosh Padmanabhan ◽  
Katriona Brooksbank ◽  
Linsay McCallum ◽  
Augusto C Montezano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Introduction: Abnormal development of the genital tract during the first trimester can lead to hypospadias. This stage coincides with the programming window during which androgens are required for normal masculinisation of the genital tract. Since fetal development may also be associated with long-term effects on cardiometabolic outcome and testosterone is itself an important vascular hormone, we questioned whether adults with a history of hypospadias are at increased risk of long-term cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Aim: This retrospective study determined if hypospadias is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease later in life. Methods: Cardiovascular and diabetes admissions data were extracted through record linkage for all males with a history of hypospadias (ICD10 Q54) from 1981 to 2019 through the NHS Scotland Information Services Division after ethics approval. Controls were matched for age, birthweight, gestation and deprivation index. Incident admissions for angina, arrhythmia, diabetes, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, renal failure and stroke were obtained for each individual. Case control analysis was performed using Chi square test using R. Results: Admission data on 13,481 men with hypospadias and 9,615 matched controls were reviewed. Men with hypospadias had a 10- fold higher risk of diabetes (9.7 [8.4-11.2], p<0.0001); 9- fold higher risk of ischaemic heart disease (OR [95% CI] 9.1[8.1-10.2], p<0.0001); 8- fold higher risk of renal failure (7.9 [6.9-9.1], p<0.0001); 6- fold higher risk of stroke (6.2 [5.2-7.2], p<0.0001); 6- fold higher risk of myocardial infarction (6.4 [5.6-7.3], p<0.0001); 6-fold higher risk of angina (5.9 [5.3;6.8], p<0.0001); 5-fold higher risk of arrhythmia (4.8 [4.2-5.4], p<0.0001) 5- fold higher risk of peripheral arterial disease (4.8 [3.7-6.1], p<0.0001) and 4- fold higher risk of heart failure (3.6 [3.1-4.1], p<0.0001). Conclusions: Men with a history of hypospadias are at significantly increased risk of admission for treatment for cardiovascular and metabolic conditions, especially ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and renal failure. The mechanisms underlying this observed increase are unclear and merit further evaluation.

scholarly journals Road traffic noise, noise sensitivity, noise annoyance, psychological and physical health and mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Stansfeld ◽  
Charlotte Clark ◽  
Melanie Smuk ◽  
John Gallacher ◽  
Wolfgang Babisch
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Sensitivity ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Annoyance ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health

Abstract Background Both physical and psychological health outcomes have been associated with exposure to environmental noise. Noise sensitivity could have the same moderating effect on physical and psychological health outcomes related to environmental noise exposure as on annoyance but this has been little tested. Methods A cohort of 2398 men between 45 and 59 years, the longitudinal Caerphilly Collaborative Heart Disease study, was established in 1984/88 and followed into the mid-1990s. Road traffic noise maps were assessed at baseline. Psychological ill-health was measured in phase 2 in 1984/88, phase 3 (1989/93) and phase 4 (1993/7). Ischaemic heart disease was measured in clinic at baseline and through hospital records and records of deaths during follow up. We examined the longitudinal associations between road traffic noise and ischaemic heart disease morbidity and mortality using Cox Proportional Hazard Models and psychological ill-health using Logistic Regression; we also examined whether noise sensitivity and noise annoyance might moderate these associations. We also tested if noise sensitivity and noise annoyance were longitudinal predictors of ischaemic heart disease morbidity and mortality and psychological ill-health. Results Road traffic noise was not associated with ischaemic heart disease morbidity or mortality. Neither noise sensitivity nor noise annoyance moderated the effects of road traffic noise on ischaemic heart disease morbidity or mortality. High noise sensitivity was associated with lower ischaemic heart disease mortality risk (HR = 0.74, 95%CI 0.57, 0.97). Road traffic noise was associated with Phase 4 psychological ill-health but only among those exposed to 56-60dBA (fully adjusted OR = 1.82 95%CI 1.07, 3.07). Noise sensitivity moderated the association of road traffic noise exposure with psychological ill-health. High noise sensitivity was associated longitudinally with psychological ill-health at phase 3 (OR = 1.85 95%CI 1.23, 2.78) and phase 4 (OR = 1.65 95%CI 1.09, 2.50). Noise annoyance predicted psychological ill-health at phase 4 (OR = 2.47 95%CI 1.00, 6.13). Conclusions Noise sensitivity is a specific predictor of psychological ill-health and may be part of a wider construct of environmental susceptibility. Noise sensitivity may increase the risk of psychological ill-health when exposed to road traffic noise. Noise annoyance may be a mediator of the effects of road traffic noise on psychological ill-health.

scholarly journals Incidence of cardiometabolic diseases in people living with and without HIV in the UK: a population-based matched cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany E Gooden ◽  
Mike Gardner ◽  
Jingya Wang ◽  
Kate Jolly ◽  
Deirdre A Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Evidence on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors in people with HIV (PWH) is limited. We aimed to identify the risk of composite CVD, individual CVD events and common risk factors. Methods This was a nationwide population-based cohort study comparing adult (≥18y) PWH with HIV-negative individuals matched on age, sex, ethnicity and location. The primary outcome was composite CVD comprising stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. The secondary outcomes were individual CVD events, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the risk of each outcome. Results We identified 9233 PWH and 35721 HIV-negative individuals. An increased risk was found for composite CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.50, 95% CI 1.28-1.77), stroke (aHR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.86), ischaemic heart disease (aHR 1.55, 95% CI 1.24-1.94), hypertension (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.23-1.53), type 2 diabetes (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.50), CKD (aHR 2.42, 95% CI 1.98-2.94) and all-cause mortality (aHR 2.84, 95% CI (2.48-3.25). Conclusions PWH have a heightened risk for CVD and common CVD risk factors, reinforcing the importance for regular screening for such conditions.

Gallbladder Polyps With Metabolic Comorbidities Increase the Risk of Ischaemic Heart Disease in Korean Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jae Lee ◽  
Byoungjin Park ◽  
Kyung-Won Hong ◽  
Dong-Hyuk Jung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gallbladder Polyps ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of gallbladder (GB) polyps, as a surrogate metabolic indicator, on incident ischaemic heart disease (IHD). We also assessed the combined effects of GB polyps and comorbidities on the risk of developing IHD.Methods: We enrolled 19,612 participants from the health risk assessment study and Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. The control group without GB polyps consisted of 18,413 patients, and the GB polyp group comprised 1,119 patients. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD according to the presence of GB polyps using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The prevalence of newly developed IHD was 2.4% during an average follow-up period of 50 months. Individuals with GB polyps had an increased risk of IHD compared with the control group after adjusting for potential confounding variables (HR = 1.425; 95% CI, 1.028–1.975). Furthermore, the coexistence of hypertension or dyslipidaemia resulted in an increased risk (HR = 2.14, 95% CI, 1.34–3.44 or HR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.32–3.31, respectively) of new-onset IHD in the GB polyp group. However, this cumulative effect was observed only in patients with impaired fasting blood glucose (HR=1.86, 95% CI, 1.06–3.26), but not in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The presence of GB polyps was positively associated with increased risk of developing IHD and was independent of cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, GB polyps in patients with impaired fasting blood glucose increased the risk of IHD as those in the presence of the comorbidities hypertension or dyslipidaemia.

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