Young black women have more aggressive breast cancers than white women

e12591 Background: Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (HR+/HER2- BC) has the highest incidence and mortality rate across all racial/ethnic groups. HR+/HER2- BC is clinically and biologically heterogenous. Gene expression profiling assays can provide prognostic information and predict risk of late recurrence among women with HR+/HER2- BC. Prior studies have shown worse clinical outcomes among black women with HR+/HER2- BC. We sought to compare the distribution of intrinsic subtypes among young black women with HR+/HER2- BC, compared to published data from a young white cohort in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS). Methods: Two population-based cohorts of black women diagnosed with BC between 2002 to 2012 at or below age 50 years were analyzed. Participants were recruited from twelve Southeastern states. All participants were asked to complete release of medical records and tissue/tumor forms to verify clinical information and to obtain primary tumor samples for future analyses. We compared the distribution of intrinsic subtypes and associations to clinical characteristics as compared to white female counterparts using Pearson chi-squared test. Results: Of 569 black participants, 124 women had HR+/HER2- BC and tumor samples available for analysis. There were 66 Luminal A (53%), 35 Luminal B (28%), 19 Basal (15%), and 4 HER2-enriched (3%) tumors. Black women with non-Luminal A tumors were younger ( < 40) with larger tumors ( > 2cm) and had higher risk of recurrence (ROR-T) scores as compared to black women with Luminal A tumors (p = 0.065, 0.006, and < 0.001, respectively). Compared to young white women in the CBCS, black women in our study had a significantly higher percentage of non-Luminal HR+/HER2- BC (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Our results suggest that among young women with HR+/HER2- BC, black women have a higher proportion of non-Luminal tumors compared to their white counterparts. Non-Luminal HR+/HER2- tumors (i.e., basal and HER2-enriched) are more aggressive and may be less sensitive to endocrine therapy. These results suggest that overrepresentation of aggressive HR+/HER2- BC subtypes may contribute to the racial survival disparity observed among black women.

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Whole-genome analysis of Nigerian patients with breast cancer reveals ethnic-driven somatic evolution and distinct genomic subtypes

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-27079-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Naser Ansari-Pour ◽

Yonglan Zheng ◽

Toshio F. Yoshimatsu ◽

Ayodele Sanni ◽

Mustapha Ajani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Black Women ◽

White Women ◽

African Ancestry ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

European Ancestry ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Whole Genome Analysis ◽

Somatic Evolution ◽

Germline Variation

AbstractBlack women across the African diaspora experience more aggressive breast cancer with higher mortality rates than white women of European ancestry. Although inter-ethnic germline variation is known, differential somatic evolution has not been investigated in detail. Analysis of deep whole genomes of 97 breast cancers, with RNA-seq in a subset, from women in Nigeria in comparison with The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 76) reveal a higher rate of genomic instability and increased intra-tumoral heterogeneity as well as a unique genomic subtype defined by early clonal GATA3 mutations with a 10.5-year younger age at diagnosis. We also find non-coding mutations in bona fide drivers (ZNF217 and SYPL1) and a previously unreported INDEL signature strongly associated with African ancestry proportion, underscoring the need to expand inclusion of diverse populations in biomedical research. Finally, we demonstrate that characterizing tumors for homologous recombination deficiency has significant clinical relevance in stratifying patients for potentially life-saving therapies.

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Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations: African American Women Are at a Disadvantage

Journal of Breast Imaging ◽

10.1093/jbi/wbaa067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 416-421

Author(s):

Murray Rebner ◽

Vidya R Pai

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

African American ◽

Black Women ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

African American Women ◽

Breast Cancer Screening ◽

White Women ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

American Women ◽

Younger Age

Abstract Since 1990, breast cancer mortality has decreased by 40% in white women but only 26% in African American women. The age at diagnosis of breast cancer is younger in black women. Breast cancer diagnosed before age 50 represents 23% of all breast cancers in African American women but only 16% of all breast cancers in white women. White women have a higher incidence of breast cancer over the age of 60. Tumor subtypes also vary among racial and ethnic groups. The triple-negative (TN) subtype, which has a poorer outcome and occurs at a younger age, represents 21% of invasive breast cancers in black women but only 10% of invasive breast cancers in white women. The hormone receptor–positive subtype, which is more common in older women and has the best outcome, has a higher incidence in white women (70%) than in black women (61%). The BRCA2 mutation is also more common in black women than in white women (other than those who are of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry). There are also many barriers to screening. Major ones include the lack of contact with a primary health care provider as well as a decreased perceived risk of having breast cancer in the African American population. Given the younger age of onset and the higher incidence of the TN molecular subtype, following breast cancer screening guidelines that do not support screening before the age of 50 may disadvantage black women.

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The Relative Earnings of Young Mexican, Black, and White Women

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979390205600107 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 122-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Heather Antecol ◽

Kelly Bedard

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

White Women ◽

Wage Gap ◽

Important Determinant ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Mexican Women ◽

Black And White ◽

Market Experience ◽

Young Black Women ◽

Labor Force Attachment

This analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth indicates that young Mexican women and young black women earned, respectively, 9.5% and 13.2% less than young white women in 1994. Differences in education appear to be the most important explanation for the Mexican-white wage gap, whereas differences in labor force attachment are the most important determinant of the black-white wage gap. The authors show that accounting for actual labor market experience, rather than simply imputing experience based on years since leaving school, is crucially important in such analyses.

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Race, Family Status, and Young Women’s Residential and Financial Dependency: 1970 to 2010

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x16657127 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (18) ◽

pp. 2567-2593 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joan R. Kahn ◽

Javier García-Manglano ◽

Frances Goldscheider

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

White Women ◽

Intergenerational Support ◽

Family Status ◽

Race Difference ◽

Black And White ◽

Family Patterns ◽

Intergenerational Coresidence ◽

Young Black Women ◽

Financial Dependency

This article examines the extent to which recent increases in intergenerational coresidence and financial dependency among young Black and White women are associated with declines in marriage and increases in nonmarital parenthood. We use U.S. Census and American Community Survey data for the period 1970 to 2010 to examine how changing family patterns by race have contributed to changes in intergenerational support. We find that compositional shifts in marriage and, to a lesser extent, nonmarital childbearing contribute to rises in coresidence and financial dependency over time, as well as to the growing gap between White and Black women. Controlling for marital and parental status reduces the temporal increase in coresidence and greatly reduces the race difference. Race differences in financial dependency are reversed after controlling for marital and family status, showing that coresiding young Black women are less, not more, likely than similar White women to be financially dependent on their parents.

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Herpes Risk Still Highest in Young Black Women

Skin & Allergy News ◽

10.1016/s0037-6337(11)70469-7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (9) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

HEIDI SPLETE

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Young Black Women

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Ethnic Differences in Self-Poisoning Across South London

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000258 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 268-272

Author(s):

Sean Cross ◽

Dinesh Bhugra ◽

Paul I. Dargan ◽

David M. Wood ◽

Shaun L. Greene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Data Collection ◽

White Women ◽

Population Based ◽

Care Services ◽

Self Harm ◽

Managing Risk ◽

The Uk ◽

Incident Cases ◽

Minority Ethnic

Background: Self-poisoning (overdose) is the commonest form of self-harm cases presenting to acute secondary care services in the UK, where there has been limited investigation of self-harm in black and minority ethnic communities. London has the UK’s most ethnically diverse areas but presents challenges in resident-based data collection due to the large number of hospitals. Aims: To investigate the rates and characteristics of self-poisoning presentations in two central London boroughs. Method: All incident cases of self-poisoning presentations of residents of Lambeth and Southwark were identified over a 12-month period through comprehensive acute and mental health trust data collection systems at multiple hospitals. Analysis was done using STATA 12.1. Results: A rate of 121.4/100,000 was recorded across a population of more than half a million residents. Women exceeded men in all measured ethnic groups. Black women presented 1.5 times more than white women. Gender ratios within ethnicities were marked. Among those aged younger than 24 years, black women were almost 7 times more likely to present than black men were. Conclusion: Self-poisoning is the commonest form of self-harm presentation to UK hospitals but population-based rates are rare. These results have implications for formulating and managing risk in clinical services for both minority ethnic women and men.

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Triple-negative breast cancers are increased in black women regardless of age or body mass index

Breast Cancer Research ◽

10.1186/bcr2242 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 144

Author(s):

Lesley A Stead ◽

Timothy L Lash ◽

Jerome E Sobieraj ◽

Dorcas D Chi ◽

Jennifer L Westrup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Black Women ◽

Body Mass ◽

Triple Negative ◽

Breast Cancers

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Race, Gender, and Perceived Employment Discrimination

Journal of Black Studies ◽

10.1177/00219347211006486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 509-527

Author(s):

Philip Q. Yang

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

White Women ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Employment Discrimination ◽

General Social Survey ◽

Self Report ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Job Discrimination ◽

And Gender

This study investigates the effects of race and gender on perceived employment discrimination using the 2016 General Social Survey that provides new data on perceived employment discrimination that aligns more closely with the legal definition of employment discrimination. It is found that 19% of the American adults self-reported the experience of employment discrimination in job application, pay increase, or promotion in the past 5 years. The results of logistic regression analysis show that either controlling or not controlling for other factors, Blacks were much more likely to perceive being discriminated in employment than Whites, but other races were not significantly different from Whites in perceived employment discrimination after holding other variables constant. While gender did not have a significant independent effect on perceived job discrimination, it did interact with race to influence perceived job discrimination. Regardless of race, women were somewhat less likely than men to perceive job discrimination, but Black women were significantly even less likely than White women to self-report job discrimination, and Black men were much more likely to self-report employment discrimination than White men. These findings have implications for combating employment discrimination and addressing social inequalities.

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