PO 8171 PREDICTORS OF LOSS TO FOLLOW-UP IN ART-COMMENCED PATIENTS IN NIGERIA: A 13-YEAR REVIEW (2004–2017)

BackgroundExpanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved HIV outcomes in Nigeria. However, increasing rates of patients lost to follow-up (LTFU) is threatening the achievement of the UNAIDS treatment targets to treat 90% of HIV-diagnosed patients and attain 90% viral suppression amongst those on treatment. Therefore, this retrospective cross-sectional study is aimed at identifying correlates and predictors of loss to follow-up in ART-commenced patients in a large HIV programme in Nigeria.MethodsRecords of all patients who started ART from 2004 to 2017 of 432 PEPFAR-supported facilities across 10 states in Nigeria were used for this study. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis using frequencies, percentages, chi-square and logistic regression was conducted using STATA version 14 to determine occurrence, correlates and predictors of LTFU.ResultsAmong all 2 45 257 ever-enrolled-on-ART patients within the review period, 1 50 191 patients (61.2%) remained on treatment while 75 041 (30.6%) were LTFU. Patients were significantly more likely to be LTFU when non-pregnant female (OR: 4.55,p<0.001); on ≥3 monthly ARV refills (OR: 1.32, p<0.001); with unsuppressed viral loads on ART (OR: 4.52, p<0.001); adult on second-line regimen (OR: 1.23 p<0.001); paediatric on first-line regimen (OR: 1.70, p<0.001); 10–14 years (OR: 2.99, p<0.001); and ≥65 years (OR: 1622.84, p<0.001).ConclusionDespite increasing access to ART, LTFU is still a challenge in the HIV programme in Nigeria with gender, type of regimen, age, unsuppressed viral load, duration of ARV refill, and duration of ART amongst others as significant predictors of LTFU. Differentiated care is advocated to prevent LTFU and improve retention of people living with HIV on treatment while further research to unravel the gender and social dimensions of LTFU is encouraged.

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Predictors of loss to follow-up in art experienced patients in Nigeria: a 13 year review (2004–2017)

AIDS Research and Therapy ◽

10.1186/s12981-019-0241-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Aliyu ◽

Babatunde Adelekan ◽

Nifarta Andrew ◽

Eunice Ekong ◽

Stephen Dapiap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Adherence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Emergency Plan ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Review Period ◽

Lost To Follow Up ◽

Differentiated Care

Abstract Background Expanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to improved HIV/AIDS treatment outcomes in Nigeria, however, increasing rates of loss to follow-up among those on ART is threatening optimal standard achievement. Therefore, this retrospective cross-sectional study is aimed at identifying correlates and predictors of loss to follow-up in patients commencing ART in a large HIV program in Nigeria. Methods Records of all patients from 432 US CDC Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supported facilities across 10 States and FCT who started ART from 2004 to 2017 were used for this study. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the demographic and clinical parameters of all patients was conducted using STATA version 14 to determine correlates and predictors of loss to follow-up. Results Within the review period, 245,257 patients were ever enrolled on anti-retroviral therapy. 150,191 (61.2%) remained on treatment, 10,960 (4.5%) were transferred out to other facilities, 6926 (2.8%) died, 2139 (0.9%) self-terminated treatment and 75,041 (30.6%) had a loss to follow-up event captured. Males (OR: 1.16), Non-pregnant female (OR: 4.55), Patients on ≥ 3-monthly ARV refills (OR: 1.32), Patients with un-suppressed viral loads on ART (OR: 4.52), patients on adult 2nd line regimen (OR: 1.23) or pediatric on 1st line regimen (OR: 1.70) were significantly more likely to be lost to follow-up. Conclusion Despite increasing access to anti-retroviral therapy, loss to follow-up is still a challenge in the HIV program in Nigeria. Differentiated care approaches that will focus on males, non-pregnant females and paediatrics is encouraged. Reducing months of Anti-retroviral drug refill to less than 3 months is advocated for increased patient adherence.

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The extent of loss to follow among patients initiated on antiretroviral treatment, Pakistan 2017-2018: a retrospective cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.18134/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Saima Iqbal Paracha ◽

Fahad Hafeez ◽

Hammad Habib ◽

Aashifa Yaqoob ◽

Raazia Fatima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Programme ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Lost To Follow Up

Abstract Background The HIV epidemic in Pakistan is concentrated in key populations and is one of the fastest growing epidemics in South Asia. Over the years the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus initiated on antiretroviral therapy has gradually increased. The effectiveness of the treatment programmes depends on retention in care and treatment adherence. The aim of the study is to the explore the sociodemographic characteristics and magnitude of loss to follow-up in patients initiated on ART in three provinces of Pakistan.Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the National AIDS Control Programme. Case-based data (n=5,215) of 16 treatment centres for all patients initiated on anti-retroviral therapy from 1 st January 2017 to 31 st December 2018 was extracted from the national management information system. Loss to follow-up was defined as a patient who has not visited/attended the ART clinic for >180 days (6 months) and has not been reported dead or transferred out to another ART clinic. Descriptive statistics were applied to study the sociodemographic characteristics and level of lost to follow up in patients initiated on treatment.Results Of the 5,215 patients, 3,097 (59.4%) were aged between 15-49 years. About 4,069 (78%) were male. Around 1,686 (34.3%) of the patients on ART were defined as lost to follow up. Age, gender, and patients with undisclosed identity were identified as the key characteristics of patients lost to follow-up. A greater proportion of the patients were lost to follow-up within the first year of initiation of treatment.Conclusions The loss to follow in the study is high. Efforts need to be focussed on linking people infected with human immunodeficiency virus to treatment, retaining them in care, and increasing patient time on treatment. Patient tracing mechanisms should be strengthened.

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Clinical situation of Venezuelan migrants living with HIV in a hospital in Lima, Peru

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/09564624211024080 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095646242110240

Author(s):

Genesis S Huerta-Vera ◽

Manuel A Amarista ◽

Fernando A Mejía ◽

Ana B Graña ◽

Elsa V Gonzalez-Lagos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Suppression ◽

Clinical Situation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Epidemiological Trends ◽

Clinical Conditions ◽

Living With Hiv

Due to a huge crisis extensive to health services many Venezuelan people living with HIV (PLWH) had migrated abroad, including Peru where favorable laws were in place until June 2019. We describe the health status and epidemiological trends of PLWH from Venezuela at an HIV program in Lima. We analyzed baseline and follow-up data of all Venezuelan PLWH enrolled in our HIV program from January 2017 to December 2019. A cross-sectional study in a subsample served to describe ARV adherence and context of migration. Between 2017-2019 our HIV Program registered 398 Venezuelan PLWH, representing 20% of the 2018 annual enrollments; numbers decreased since mid-2019. The median age was 30 years (IQR 26;37) and 90.5% were men. Between 2017 and 2019, the proportion with diagnosis in Peru increased from 14.3% to 60.9%; of AIDS stage at entry, from 8.8% to 27.2%. By December 2019, 182/250 (72.8%) were still in care, and 43 (10.8%) had not started ART. Viral suppression evaluated in 195, was achieved in 71.8%. From 2017 to 2019, migrant PLWH arrived in worsened clinical conditions, with increasing diagnosis in Peru; the flow of migrant PLWH entering care diminished with less favorable laws. Viral suppression rates were suboptimal.

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Tuberculosis among economic migrants: A cross‐sectional study of the risk of poor treatment outcomes and impact of a treatment adherence intervention among temporary residents in an urban district in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

10.21203/rs.2.11384/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luan Nguyen Quang Vo ◽

Andrew James Codlin ◽

Rachel Jeanette Forse ◽

Hoa Trung Nguyen ◽

Thanh Nguyen Vu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban District ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Lower Treatment ◽

Adherence Support ◽

Poor Treatment

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of avoidable deaths. Economic migrants represent a vulnerable population due to their exposure to medical and social risk factors. These factors expose them to higher risks for TB incidence and poor treatment outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated WHO-defined TB treatment outcomes among economic migrants in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. We measured the association of a patient’s government-defined residency status with treatment success and loss to follow-up categories at baseline and performed a comparative interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to assess the impact of community-based adherence support on treatment outcomes. Key measures of interest of the ITS were the differences in step change (β6) and post-intervention trend (β7). Results: Short-term, inter-province migrants experienced lower treatment success (aRR=0.95 [95% CI: 0.92-0.99], p=0.010) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=1.98 [95% CI: 1.44-2.72], p<0.001) than permanent residents. Intra-province migrants were similarly more likely to be lost to follow-up (aOR=1.86 [95% CI: 1.03-3.36], p=0.041). There was evidence that patients >55 years of age (aRR=0.93 [95% CI: 0.89-0.96], p<0.001), relapse patients (aRR=0.89 [95% CI: 0.84-0.94], p<0.001), and retreatment patients (aRR=0.62 [95% CI: 0.52-0.75], p<0.001) had lower treatment success rates. TB/HIV co-infection was also associated with lower treatment success (aRR=0.77 [95% CI: 0.73-0.82], p<0.001) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=2.18 [95% CI: 1.55-3.06], p<0.001). The provision of treatment adherence support increased treatment success (IRR(β6)=1.07 [95% CI: 1.00, 1.15], p=0.041) and reduced loss to follow-up (IRR(β6)=0.17 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.69], p=0.013) in the intervention districts. Loss to follow-up continued to decline throughout the post-implementation period (IRR(β7)=0.90 [95% CI: 0.83, 0.98], p=0.019). Conclusions: Economic migrants, particularly those crossing provincial borders, have higher risk of poor treatment outcomes and should be prioritized for tailored adherence support. In light of accelerating urbanization in many regions of Asia, implementation trials are needed to inform evidence-based design of strategies for this vulnerable population.

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Extra-wound fixation: a modified tie-over dressing technique for skin graft

Journal of Wound Care ◽

10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup12.s23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (Sup12) ◽

pp. S23-S27

Author(s):

Quanmeng Liu ◽

Xiaodong Liu ◽

Idy HT Ho ◽

Shibing Guan

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Skin Grafting ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Skin Grafts ◽

Fixation Technique ◽

Dressing Method ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: Tie-over dressing is the most frequently used technique of skin grafting. However, many deficiencies affecting the outcome have been reported. We hereby introduce a modified method, termed the ‘extra-wound fixation technique’, for skin dressing, and evaluate the complications and clinical outcomes. Method: In this retrospective cross-sectional study we analysed the medical records of patients treated between January 2012 and December 2017. All patients received full thickness skin grafts. Patients were divided equally into to groups: patients were treated using the extra-wound fixation technique, and the remaining, randomly selected patients treated using the traditional tie-over method. The extra-wound fixation technique uses the traditional tie-over dressing method followed by additional stitches made in healthy skin locating 0.5-1.0 cm laterally to the wound edge. The follow-up outcomes between the two groups were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: A total of 38 patients took part (19 patients in each group). The follow-up duration was 1–6 months. No raised edges were observed in any of the patients. Prolonged follow-up demonstrated that the grafted skin texture became soft with a thin layer of adipose tissue, and elasticity was gradually improved along with the regeneration of dermoelastic fibre. The colour was similar to the normal skin with a smooth surface. Compared with the traditional method, the extra-wound fixation technique significantly improved the survival of the grafted skin (p=0.008), reduced the risk of laceration of the skin (p=0.001), and eliminated crater rim-like appearances (p=0.020). Conclusion: The extra-wound fixation technique could be used for different skin grafts and improve clinical outcomes compared with the traditional tie-over dressing method.

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Adherence to antiretrovirals in people coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.0537.2691 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Larissa de Araújo Lemos ◽

Maria Luciana Teles Fiuza ◽

Renata Karina Reis ◽

André Carvalho Ferrer ◽

Elucir Gir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Low Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Adherence Assessment

Objective: assess the adherence levels to antiretroviral therapy in people coinfected with HIV/tuberculosis and correlate these levels with the sociodemographic and clinical variables of the study population. Method: cross-sectional study involving 74 male and female adults coinfected with HIV/tuberculosis. For the data collection, a sociodemographic and clinical assessment form and the Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Assessment Questionnaire were used. For the data analysis, the software STATA version 11 was used, through descriptive statistics, Fisher's chi-square exact test and the probability test. Results: men were predominant (79.7%), between 30 and 39 years of age (35.1%), low income (75.7%) and pulmonary tuberculosis (71.6%). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy was inappropriate in 78.1% of the men; 61.0% of single people; 47.0% unemployed and 76.5% among people gaining less than one minimum wage. A significant difference was observed between compliance and length of use of antiretrovirals (p=0.018), sexual orientation (p=0.024) and number of children (p=0.029). Conclusion: the coinfected patients presented inappropriate adherence to the antiretrovirals, a fact that negatively affects the health conditions of the people living with HIV/tuberculosis coinfection. A statistically significant correlation was found between the levels of adherence and some sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

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Reasons why patients with tuberculosis in South Korea stop anti-TB treatment: a cross-sectional study

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease ◽

10.5588/ijtld.19.0684 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1016-1023

Author(s):

H. W. Kim ◽

J. Min ◽

A. Y. Shin ◽

H-K. Koo ◽

S. Y. Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

South Korea ◽

Previous History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Specialist Nurses ◽

Lost To Follow Up

BACKGROUND: As there had been no reduction in the TB burden in South Korea since 2000, a public-private mix (PPM) strategy was launched in 2011. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons for lost to follow-up (LTFU) among TB patients and their clinical characteristics.METHOD: A multicentre, cross-sectional study based on in-depth interviews with patients and their families by TB specialist nurses was conducted. Patients who were reported with a final outcome of LTFU in 2015–2017 at all PPM hospitals across the country were enrolled. Enrolled patients were classified into six subgroups by age and three major reasons for LTFU (adverse effects, refusal of treatment, marginalisation) and their clinical features were compared.RESULTS: Among 780 patients, those who were lost to follow-up due to adverse effects accounted for the largest proportion (n = 387). LTFU in those aged <65 years who refused treatment (n = 189) and those aged <65 years who were marginalised (n = 108) were related to having smear-positive TB and a previous history of unfavourable outcomes.CONCLUSION: To reduce LTFU in South Korea, comprehensive strategies, including management of adverse effects, systematic counselling and education, should be implemented.

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The (in)stability of 21st century orthopedic patient contact information and its implications on clinical research: A cross-sectional study

Clinical Trials ◽

10.1177/1740774516677275 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 187-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniel A London ◽

Jeffrey G Stepan ◽

Charles A Goldfarb ◽

Martin I Boyer ◽

Ryan P Calfee

Keyword(s):

Clinical Research ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Contact Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Contact Information ◽

Mail Address ◽

Lost To Follow Up

Background: In clinical research, minimizing patients lost to follow-up is essential for data validity. Researchers can employ better methodology to prevent patient loss. We examined how orthopedic surgery patients’ contact information changes over time to optimize data collection for long-term outcomes research. Methods: Patients presenting to orthopedic outpatient clinics completed questionnaires regarding methods of contact: home phone, cell phone, mailing address, and e-mail address. They reported currently available methods of contact, if they changed in the past 5 and 10 years, and when they changed. Differences in the rates of change among methods were assessed via Fisher’s exact tests. Whether participants changed any of their contact information in the past 5 and 10 years was determined via multivariate modeling, controlling for demographic variables. Results: Among 152 patients, 51% changed at least one form of contact information within 5 years, and 66% changed at least one form within 10 years. The rate of change for each contact method was similar over 5 (15%–28%) and 10 years (26%–41%). One patient changed all four methods of contact within the past 5 years and seven within the past 10 years. Females and younger patients were more likely to change some type of contact information. Conclusion: The type of contact information least likely to change over 5–10 years is influenced by demographic factors such as sex and age, with females and younger participants more likely to change some aspect of their contact information. Collecting all contact methods appears necessary to minimize patients lost to follow-up, especially as technological norms evolve.

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One dollar incentive improves tuberculosis treatment outcomes in programmatic settings in rural Uganda

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98770-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Baruch Baluku ◽

Bridget Nakazibwe ◽

Bright Twinomugisha ◽

Rebecca Najjuuko ◽

Nyirazihawe Isabella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Routine Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

United States Dollar ◽

Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽

Lost To Follow Up

AbstractThe study aim was to determine the association of a one United States dollar (USD) dollar incentive and tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes among people with TB receiving treatment at a rural hospital in Uganda under programmatic settings. We conducted a quasi-experiment in which people with TB were randomised (1:1 ratio) to receive either a one USD incentive at months 0, 2, 5 and 6 (Dollar arm) or routine care (Routine arm). A second control group (Retrospective controls) consisted of participants who had a treatment outcome in the preceding 6 months. Treatment outcomes were compared between the intervention and control groups using Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. The association between the incentive and treatment outcomes was determined using Poisson regression analysis with robust variances. Between November 2018 and October 2019, we enrolled 180 participants (60 in the Dollar arm and 120 in the Control group). TB cure (33.3% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.068) and treatment success (70.0% vs. 59.2% p = 0.156) were higher in the Dollar arm than the Control group, while loss-to-follow-up was lower in the Dollar arm (10.0% vs. 20.8% p = 0.070). Participants in the Dollar arm were more likely to be cured (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR): 1.59, 95% CI 1.04–2.44, p = 0.032) and less likely to be lost to follow-up (aIRR: 0.44, 95% CI 0.20–0.96, p = 0.040). A one-dollar incentive was associated with higher TB cure and lower loss-to-follow-up among people with TB in rural Uganda.

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Outcome of Core Out Fistulectomy and the Ligation of Anal Fistula Tract: A Single Center Experience in Malaysia

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v19i1.1332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M Salehudin C.Z ◽

Azmi M. Nor ◽

R Mohd Rus

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fistula Tract ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Single Center Experience ◽

The Mean ◽

Lost To Follow Up ◽

Benign Anorectal Disease ◽

Primary Healing

Introduction: Fistula-in-ano is a benign anorectal disease which always poses a big dilemma to the surgeons because of their significant recurrent rate following surgery. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 42 patients undergoing core out fistulectomy in the Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia were included in this study. Demographic data of patients were assessed. Endoanal ultrasound (EAUS) was done prior to the surgery to determine types of fistula and classified using Park’s classification. Follow up was made post-operatively at 4th week, 2nd month, 3rd month, 4th month, 5th month and 6th month to look for the duration of healing or recurrence. Results: 5 out of 42 patients were lost to follow up leaving 37 patients available for the analysis. Mean age of the patient was 38.4 (13.8) years old. Transphincteric and intersphincteric type of fistula accounted for 54.5% and 40.1%, respectively. 62.2% (n=23) of patients achieved primary healing after the procedure. The mean for healing duration was 3.7 (3.1) months. Recurrence of the disease was seen only in 37.8% (n=14) of the patients. Conclusions: Even though we managed to achieve significant success rate cumulatively, recurrence of fistula still impose a significant challenge toward patient’s management. Therefore, further prospective study with a bigger sample size is recommended to look into this method to reduce recurrence of fistula.

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