scholarly journals Sexual violence and neonatal outcomes: a Norwegian population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e005935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Henriksen ◽  
Berit Schei ◽  
Siri Vangen ◽  
Mirjam Lukasse
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Behavioural Factors

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the association between sexual violence and neonatal outcomes.DesignNational cohort study.SettingWomen were recruited to the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) while attending routine ultrasound examinations from 1999 to 2008.PopulationA total of 76 870 pregnant women.MethodsSexual violence and maternal characteristics were self-reported in postal questionnaires during pregnancy. Neonatal outcomes were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). Risk estimations were performed with linear and logistic regression analysis. Outcome measures: gestational age at birth, birth weight, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA).ResultsOf 76 870 women, 18.4% reported a history of sexual violence. A total of 4.7% delivered prematurely, 2.7% had children with a birth weight <2500 g and 8.1% children were small for their gestational age. Women reporting moderate or severe sexual violence (rape) had a significantly reduced gestational length (2 days) when the birth was provider-initiated in an analysis adjusted for age, parity, education, smoking, body mass index and mental distress. Those exposed to severe sexual violence had a significantly reduced gestational length of 0.51 days with a spontaneous start of birth. Crude estimates showed that severe sexual violence was associated with PTB, LBW and SGA. When controlling for the aforementioned sociodemographic and behavioural factors, the association was no longer significant.ConclusionsSexual violence was not associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Moderate and severe violence had a small but significant effect on gestational age; however, the clinical influence of this finding is most likely limited. Women exposed to sexual violence in this study reported more of the sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with PTB, LBW and SGA compared with non-abused women.

scholarly journals Comparison of adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zeng ◽  
Erica Erwin ◽  
Wendy Wen ◽  
Daniel J. Corsi ◽  
Shi Wu Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

Abstract Background Racial disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes have been studied in other countries, but little has been done for the Canadian population. In this study, we sought to examine the disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study that included all Asian and Caucasian women who attended a prenatal screening and resulted in a singleton birth in an Ontario hospital (April 1st, 2015-March 31st, 2017). Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the independent adjusted relative risks and adjusted risk difference of adverse perinatal outcomes for Asians compared with Caucasians. Results Among 237,293 eligible women, 31% were Asian and 69% were Caucasian. Asians were at an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, placental previa, early preterm birth (< 32 weeks), preterm birth, emergency cesarean section, 3rd and 4th degree perineal tears, low birth weight (< 2500 g, < 1500 g), small-for-gestational-age (<10th percentile, <3rd percentile), neonatal intensive care unit admission, and hyperbilirubinemia requiring treatment, but had lower risks of preeclampsia, macrosomia (birth weight > 4000 g), large-for-gestational-age neonates, 5-min Apgar score < 7, and arterial cord pH ≤7.1, as compared with Caucasians. No difference in risk of elective cesarean section was observed between Asians and Caucasians. Conclusion There are significant differences in several adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians. These differences should be taken into consideration for clinical practices due to the large Asian population in Canada.

scholarly journals Reproductive History in Takotsubo Syndrome, A Register-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tornvall Per ◽  
Järnbert Pettersson Hans
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Reproductive History ◽  
Takotsubo Syndrome ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenoses

Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TS) is a recently recognized serious heart condition that mainly affects women. Despite that 80–90% of the patients are women, few studies have focused on sex-specific characteristics such as female sex hormones and reproductive history. The aim of the study was to compare reproductive history in patients with TS with controls.Methods: This register-based cohort study compared reproductive history and off-spring birth characteristics between 158 TS patients without coronary artery stenoses and 236 age- and sex-matched controls (C) with coronary artery stenoses because of acute coronary syndrome (ACS-C), respectively, 285 without coronary artery stenoses with chest pain (CP-C).Results: There were no differences in pregnancy complications between TS and CP-C. Gestational length did not differ, but infants born to TS patients had lower birth weight for gestational age than CP-C with an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.2–2.5) for infants born small.Conclusion: The results showing an association between birth weight for gestational age and TS later in life are hypothesis-generating. The association is not likely causal and before delivery of small for gestational age infants can be considered as a risk marker for TS later in life the results need to be confirmed in independent studies

scholarly journals Maternal Anxiety and Infants Birthweight and Length of Gestation. A sibling design

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Bekkhus ◽  
Yunsung Lee ◽  
Ragnhild Eek Brandlistuen ◽  
Sven Ove Samuelsen ◽  
Per Magnus
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Maternal Anxiety ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Sibling Comparison ◽  
Multiple Covariates

Abstract Background The overall aim of this study is to examine the effect of prenatal maternal anxiety on birthweight and gestational age, controlling for shared family confounding using a sibling comparison design. Methods The data on 77,970 mothers and their 91,165 children from the population-based Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and data on 12,480 pairs of siblings were used in this study. The mothers filled out questionnaires for each unique pregnancy, at 17th and 30th week in pregnancy. Gestational age and birth weight was extracted from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). Associations between prenatal maternal anxiety (measured across the 17th and 30th weeks) and birth outcomes (birthweight and gestational age) were examined using linear regression with adjustment for shared-family confounding in a sibling comparison design. Results In the population level analysis the maternal anxiety score during pregnancy was inversely associated with new-born’s birthweight (Beta = -63.8 95% CI: -92.6, -35.0) and gestational age (Beta = -1.52, 95% CI: -2.15, -0.89) after adjustment for several covariates. The association of the maternal anxiety score with birthweight was no longer significant, but remained for maternal anxiety at 30th week with gestational age (Beta = -1.11, 95% CI: -1.82, -0.4) after further adjusting for the shared-family confounding in the sibling comparison design. Conclusion No association was found for maternal prenatal anxiety with birth weight after multiple covariates and family environment were controlled. However, there was an association between prenatal maternal anxiety at 30th week only with gestational age, suggesting a timing effect for maternal anxiety in third trimester.

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight, Small for Gestational Age and Preterm Births before and after the Economic Collapse in Iceland: A Population Based Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e80499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Védís Helga Eiríksdóttir ◽  
Tinna Laufey Ásgeirsdóttir ◽  
Ragnheiður Ingibjörg Bjarnadóttir ◽  
Robert Kaestner ◽  
Sven Cnattingius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Economic Collapse

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Selenium Intake during Pregnancy Is Associated with Higher Birth Weight and Lower Risk of Small for Gestational Age Births in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Pol Solé-Navais ◽  
Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽  
Ida Henriette Caspersen ◽  
Thomas Lundh ◽  
Louis J. Muglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Dietary Selenium ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Selenium Intake ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Increased Risk

Selenium is an essential trace element involved in the body’s redox reactions. Low selenium intake during pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight and an increased risk of children being born small for gestational age (SGA). Based on data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), we studied the association of maternal selenium intake from diet and supplements during the first half of pregnancy (n = 71,728 women) and selenium status in mid-pregnancy (n = 2628 women) with birth weight and SGA status, according to population-based, ultrasound-based and customized growth standards. An increase of one standard deviation of maternal dietary selenium intake was associated with increased birth weight z-scores (ß = 0.027, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.041) and lower SGA risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86, 0.97) after adjusting for confounders. Maternal organic and inorganic selenium intake from supplements as well as whole blood selenium concentration were not associated with birth weight or SGA. Our results suggest that a maternal diet rich in selenium during pregnancy may be beneficial for foetal growth. However, the effect estimates were small and further studies are needed to elucidate the potential impact of selenium on foetal growth.

scholarly journals Prelabour Caesarean Section following IVF/ICSI in Older-Term Nulliparous Women: Too Precious to Push?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gillet ◽  
E. Martens ◽  
G. Martens ◽  
H. Cammu
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Maternal Request ◽  
Nulliparous Women

Objective. To compare prelabour caesarean section (CS) rates in older nulliparous women with a term singleton baby in cephalic presentation conceiving spontaneously and through IVF/ICSI. When the latter women would ask for CS, how willing are gynaecologists to comply with that request?Methods. A population-based retrospective (1995–2009) cohort study, conducted in Northern Belgium. A comparison of 1,866 nulliparous women pregnant after IVF/ICSI and 15,228 controls is made. An anonymous postal questionnaire is sent to all Belgian gynaecologists.Result. Both groups are comparable with respect to maternal age, gestational age, and birth weight. Prelabour CS is more often performed in women who conceived through IVF/ICSI compared to those who conceived spontaneously (9.2% versus 6.3%,P<0.001). One in five gynaecologists agrees with the maternal request.Conclusion. IVF/ICSI pregnancies in older nulliparous women more often end in a prelabour CS and a substantial number of gynaecologists go along with a nonmedical reason for CS.

scholarly journals Maternal lithium use and the risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: a Swedish population-based cohort study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Hastie ◽  
Stephen Tong ◽  
Richard Hiscock ◽  
Anthea Lindquist ◽  
Linda Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background Lithium is prescribed during pregnancy, but there is limited information about pregnancy and neonatal outcomes following in utero exposure. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the associations between lithium use and adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Methods This population-based cohort study examined associations between maternal lithium use and major adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes via inverse probability weighted propensity score regression models. Results Of 854,017 women included in this study, 434 (0.05%) used lithium during pregnancy. Among pre-specified primary outcomes, lithium use during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth (8.7% vs 3.0%; adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2.64 95% CI 1.82, 3.82) and birth of a large for gestational age infant (9.0% vs 3.5%; aRR 2.64 95% CI 1.91, 3.66), but not preeclampsia nor birth of a small for gestational age infant. Among secondary outcomes, lithium use was associated with an increased risk of cardiac malformations (2.1% vs 0.8%; aRR 3.17 95% CI 1.64, 6.13). In an analysis restricted to pregnant women with a diagnosed psychiatric illness (n=9552), associations remained between lithium and spontaneous preterm birth, birth of a large for gestational age infant, and cardiovascular malformations; and a positive association with neonatal hypoglycaemia was also found. These associations were also apparent in a further analysis comparing women who continued lithium treatment during pregnancy to those who discontinued prior to pregnancy. Conclusions Lithium use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth and other adverse neonatal outcomes. These potential risks must be balanced against the important benefit of treatment and should be used to guide shared decision-making.

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