Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study: a prospective cohort study

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether irregular or long menstrual cycles throughout the life course are associated with all cause and cause specific premature mortality (age <70 years).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNurses’ Health Study II (1993-2017).Participants79 505 premenopausal women without a history of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes and who reported the usual length and regularity of their menstrual cycles at ages 14-17 years, 18-22 years, and 29-46 years.Main outcome measuresHazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all cause and cause specific premature mortality (death before age 70 years) were estimated from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsDuring 24 years of follow-up, 1975 premature deaths were documented, including 894 from cancer and 172 from cardiovascular disease. Women who reported always having irregular menstrual cycles experienced higher mortality rates during follow-up than women who reported very regular cycles in the same age ranges. The crude mortality rate per 1000 person years of follow-up for women reporting very regular cycles and women reporting always irregular cycles were 1.05 and 1.23 for cycle characteristics at ages 14-17 years, 1.00 and 1.37 for cycle characteristics at ages 18-22 years, and 1.00 and 1.68 for cycle characteristics at ages 29-46 years. The corresponding multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for premature death during follow-up were 1.18 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.37), 1.37 (1.09 to 1.73), and 1.39 (1.14 to 1.70), respectively. Similarly, women who reported that their usual cycle length was 40 days or more at ages 18-22 years and 29-46 years were more likely to die prematurely than women who reported a usual cycle length of 26-31 days in the same age ranges (1.34, 1.06 to 1.69; and 1.40, 1.17 to 1.68, respectively). These relations were strongest for deaths related to cardiovascular disease. The higher mortality associated with long and irregular menstrual cycles was slightly stronger among current smokers.ConclusionsIrregular and long menstrual cycles in adolescence and adulthood are associated with a greater risk of premature mortality (age <70 years). This relation is slightly stronger among women who smoke.

Download Full-text

Association Between Erythrocyte Levels of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa042 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Doyeon Kim ◽

Chang Won Won ◽

Yongsoon Park

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frailty Criterion ◽

Long Chain

Abstract Background Inflammation is a major risk factor for frailty, but n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been suggested as an anti-inflammatory agent. The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the higher erythrocyte levels of long-chain n-3 PUFA were associated with lower odds of frailty and frailty criterion. Methods Cross-sectional analysis from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, a total of 1,435 people aged 70–84 years were included. Sex- and age-stratified community residents, drawn in urban and rural regions nationwide, were eligible for participation in the study. All participants were categorized as frail and nonfrail according to the Cardiovascular Health Study index. Results The likelihood of frailty was inversely associated with the erythrocyte levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; odds ratio [OR] per unit 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.77; p for trend = .002) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; OR per unit 0.42; 95% CI 0.20–0.87; p for trend = .018). Among each frailty criterion, the likelihood of slow walking speed was associated with erythrocyte levels of EPA and DHA, and the likelihood of exhaustion was inversely associated with the erythrocyte levels of DHA. Conclusions The present study showed that the frailty and frailty criterion were significantly associated with lower erythrocyte levels of long-chain n-3 PUFA, suggesting that lower n-3 PUFA could be a marker for the risk of frailty.

Download Full-text

Cancer Incidence Among Paraquat Exposed Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study: A Prospective Cohort Study

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health ◽

10.1179/oeh.2009.15.3.274 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 274-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sue K. Park ◽

Daehee Kang ◽

Laura Beane-Freeman ◽

Aaron Blair ◽

Jane A. Hoppin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Health Study ◽

Agricultural Health ◽

Agricultural Health Study

Download Full-text

A Prospective Cohort Study of Vitamins B, C, E, and Multivitamin Intake and Endometriosis

Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders ◽

10.5301/je.5000151 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Anne Marie Darling ◽

Jorge E. Chavarro ◽

Susan Malspeis ◽

Holly R. Harris ◽

Stacey A. Missmer

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

B Vitamins ◽

Food Sources ◽

Health Study ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Incident Cases

Purpose Diet is a potentially modifiable risk factor for endometriosis. It has been hypothesized that vitamins C, E, and the B vitamins may influence factors involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, such as oxidative stress and steroid hormone metabolism. In this large, prospective cohort study, we examined the relation between intake of vitamins C, E, the B vitamins, and the use of multivitamin supplements and diagnosis of endometriosis. Methods Data were collected from women in the Nurses' Health Study II between 1991 and 2005. Diet was assessed via food frequency questionnaire. Incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models. Results A total of 1383 incident cases of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis were observed among 70,617 women during 735,286 person years of follow-up. Intakes of thiamine (B1) (RR = 0.84, CI = 0.72-0.99; P-value, test for linear trend[P] = 0.04), folate (B9) (RR = 0.79, CI = 0.66-0.93; P = 0.003), vitamin C (RR = 0.81, CI = 0.68-0.95; P = 0.02), and vitamin E (RR = 0.70, CI = 0.59-0.83; P<0.0001) solely from food sources were inversely related to endometriosis diagnosis. However, intakes of these nutrients from supplements alone were unrelated to endometriosis. Conclusion Thiamine, folate, vitamin C, and vitamin E from food sources are inversely related to endometriosis risk. Our results suggest that the protective mechanism may not be related to the nutrients themselves but rather other components of foods rich in these micronutrients or factors correlated with diets high in these vitamin-rich foods.

Download Full-text

The Garmin-RUNSAFE Running Health Study on the aetiology of running-related injuries: rationale and design of an 18-month prospective cohort study including runners worldwide

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e032627 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rasmus Østergaard Nielsen ◽

Michael Lejbach Bertelsen ◽

Daniel Ramskov ◽

Camma Damsted ◽

René Korsgaard Brund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Training Load ◽

Health Study ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Sports Activity ◽

Injury Occurrence ◽

Observational Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Running Injuries

IntroductionRunning injuries affect millions of persons every year and have become a substantial public health issue owing to the popularity of running. To ensure adherence to running, it is important to prevent injuries and to have an in-depth understanding of the aetiology of running injuries. The main purpose of the present paper was to describe the design of a future prospective cohort study exploring if a dose–response relationship exists between changes in training load and running injury occurrence, and how this association is modified by other variables.Methods and analysisIn this protocol, the design of an 18-month observational prospective cohort study is described that will include a minimum of 20 000 consenting runners who upload their running data to Garmin Connect and volunteer to be a part of the study. The primary outcome is running-related injuries categorised into the following states: (1) no injury; (2) a problem; and (3) injury. The primary exposure is change in training load (eg, running distance and the cumulative training load based on the number of strides, ground contact time, vertical oscillation and body weight). The change in training load is a time-dependent exposure in the sense that progression or regression can change many times during follow-up. Effect-measure modifiers include, but is not limited to, other types of sports activity, activity of daily living and demographics, and are assessed through questionnaires and/or by Garmin devices.Ethics and disseminationThe study design, procedures and informed consent have been evaluated by the Ethics Committee of the Central Denmark Region (Request number: 227/2016 – Record number: 1-10-72-189-16).

Download Full-text