Cross-sectional study assessing the addition of contrast sensitivity to visual acuity when testing for fitness to drive

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the multifocal excimer laser corneal ablation profile (the Supracor procedure) in hyperopic presbyopia 1 year after laser treatment. Methods This prospective, consecutive, one-center, cross-sectional study included 20 patients with hyperopic presbyopia 1 year after treatment with the Supracor procedure. The main outcome measures were monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), photopic contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson charts), patient satisfaction, and functioning at 12 months. Results Thirty-nine eyes of 20 patients (mean age 59 ± 7.2 years) were treated. Mean UDVA improved from 0.56 ± 0.31 (mean 0.34 logMAR) preoperatively to 0.9 ± 0.15 (mean 0.06 logMAR) 12 months after surgery. Mean UNVA increased from 0.15 ± 0.07 (mean 0.84 logMAR) before surgery to 0.62 ± 0.24 (mean 0.23 logMAR) 12 months after treatment. Four eyes lost 2 lines of corrected distance visual acuity (10.3%). Monocular photopic contrast sensitivity was within age-correlated normal range (Pelli-Robson chart, mean contrast sensitivity 1.83 ± 0.18). A total of 75% of the patients would undergo Supracor again (1 not, 4 perhaps). The most frequently reported side effects were increased glare, reduced distance vision, and fluctuations in vision. Most patients used artificial tears. Conclusions One year after Supracor, UDVA and UNVA improved markedly, photopic contrast sensitivity was in normal age-correlated range, and the majority of patients (75%) was satisfied with the results. Side effects like loss of distance vision, fluctuations of vision, and increased glare have a greater influence on patient satisfaction than the improvement of spectacle-free near vision.

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Visual Acuity Changes during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

Journal of Pregnancy ◽

10.1155/2014/675792 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Khashayar Mehdizadehkashi ◽

Shahla Chaichian ◽

Abolfazl Mehdizadehkashi ◽

Ebrahim Jafarzadepour ◽

Zeinab Tamannaie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Myopic Shift

In this research, we represent the changes in visual acuity during pregnancy and after delivery. Changes as myopic shift start during second trimester and will be stopped after delivery; however it is obtained that women will have the same refractive error as what they had in the first trimester, after postpartum. So, any change in their spectacle prescription during this period is forbidden. As a result, not only changing in hormones can cause myopic shift in vision, but also overweight has its retributive role. What we are trying to do is to notify gynecologists and optometrists to be aware of these changes, so as to leave spectacle prescription writing to the session after postpartum period.

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The impact of irregular corneal shape parameters on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-020-01737-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sanita Liduma ◽

Artis Luguzis ◽

Gunta Krumina

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Shape Parameters ◽

Corneal Surface ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Corneal Shape ◽

Different Diameters ◽

The Impact ◽

Corneal Apex

Abstract Background To understand which irregular corneal parameters determine the visual quality in keratoconus subjects. Methods The cross-sectional study examined the eyes of 44 subjects, graded from the first to third keratoconus stages by Amsler-Krumeich classification. We obtained measurements in two ways: (a) by projecting two perpendicular axes onto a cornea (first, through the central point of the cornea and keratoconus apex; second, as the perpendicular axis) to read the elevation values at points on these axes as parameters characterising the corneal surface; (b) by projecting circles with different diameters around the central part of the cornea (1, 2, and 3 mm) and reading elevation values at points equally displaced on these circles as parameters characterising an anterior surface slope. Irregular corneal shape parameters’ correlations with visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were determined in order to understand which corneal slope parameter has the strongest correlation with visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Results Parameters characterising the corneal surface’s correlations with contrast sensitivity were from r = 0.25 (p = 0.03) at 3 cpd to r = 0.47 (p < 0.01) at 9 cpd for the highest elevation and from r = 0.33 (p = 0.09) at 5 cpd to r = 0.40 (p < 0.01) at 11 cpd for the lowest elevation in all subjects together, while for visual acuity the parameters were r = 0.30 (p < 0.01) for the highest elevation and r = 0.21 (p = 0.06) for the lowest elevation in all subjects together. The correlation between contrast sensitivity and the highest and lowest corneal point in all measured cornea was stronger for subjects with a peripheral corneal apex than for those with a central apex. In keratoconus subjects, contrast sensitivity displayed a strong correlation with slope in the central part of the cornea (with a radius of 1 mm) ranging from 0.48 (p < 0.01) at 3 cpd to 0.61 (p < 0.01) at 9 cpd. Conclusion Contrast sensitivity has a higher correlation with corneal shape parameters than with visual acuity. Subjects with a peripheral corneal apex had stronger correlations with visual acuity and contrast sensitivity than did subjects with a central apex. In keratoconus subjects, the strongest correlation was for contrast sensitivity and elevation (slope) in the region within a 1 mm radius of the corneal centre in the opposite direction of the keratoconus apex (direction (ax) CB).

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Assessment of patients' medical fitness to drive by primary care physicians: A cross-sectional study

Traffic Injury Prevention ◽

10.1080/15389588.2016.1274029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 488-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ghassan A. Alkharboush ◽

Faisal A. Al Rashed ◽

Ahmed H. Saleem ◽

Ibrahim S. Alnajashi ◽

Aljohara S. Almeneessier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Fitness To Drive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Fitness

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Understanding Driving as an Everyday Activity: International Perspectives

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2592 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 730-730

Author(s):

Anne Dickerson ◽

Isabelle Gelinas ◽

Moon Choi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Crash Risk ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Fitness To Drive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Everyday Activity ◽

Older Adulthood ◽

International Perspectives ◽

The Impact

Abstract This international symposium brings together leading occupational therapy researchers from around the world with a shared focus is on evaluating and improving the driving performance of older adults to decrease their crash risk and facilitate their community participation. In this session, five groups of international scholars will share their collective and individual research outcomes for driving as a means of community mobility. The first presentation will outline their collective international, cross-sectional study of 247 older adults from seven countries where the impact of driving on out-of-home mobility was compared. Each presentation that follows will then present results from innovative studies of ways in which to assess and address fitness to drive in older adulthood. Our discussant will summarize the potential expansion of the current work and engage the audience through interactive questions. Transportation and Aging Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

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Angka kejadian miopia pada anak usia sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Banjararum Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Journal of Community Empowerment for Health ◽

10.22146/jcoemph.42913 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Reny Setyowati ◽

Indra Tri Mahayana ◽

Tri Winarti ◽

Suhardjo Pawiroranu

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Health Workers ◽

Visual Disturbance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Vision ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Uncorrected Refractive Error

Refractive disorders begin to affect many children and become a burden of disease in the community due to lack of awareness by parents and screening by health workers. This research was a cross-sectional study and carried out at screening of visual acuity in primary school-aged children. A total of 38 children aged 6 - 12 were the subjects in this study. This research was conducted in Banjararum sub-district, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province in September 2018. The average age of subjects was 8.8 ± 1.4 years. Result showed refraction status before correction (uncorrected refractive error/URE) with mean visual acuity of 0.3 logMAR (equivalent to 6/12 Snellen). The most common refractive disorders were myopia simplex (63.2%) and 38.8% of subjects experienced moderate visual impairment. After being corrected, as much as 97.4% of subjects reached normal vision. Burden of undiagnosed refractive disorders in rural population was high even though the visual disturbance is reversible.

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Brake time is correlated with lower extremity strength, dynamic balance and low‐contrast sensitivity in unpredictable driving situations in elderly drivers compared with young drivers: A cross‐sectional study

Geriatrics and Gerontology International ◽

10.1111/ggi.13915 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 571-577

Author(s):

Yongnam Park ◽

Youngsook Bae

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Contrast ◽

Elderly Drivers ◽

Young Drivers ◽

Lower Extremity Strength

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Prevalence and causes of visual impairment amongst older adults in a rural area of North India: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018894 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. e018894 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sumit Malhotra ◽

Praveen Vashist ◽

Mani Kalaivani ◽

Noopur Gupta ◽

Suraj Singh Senjam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Rural Population ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

North India ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Common Causes

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence, causes and associated factors for visual impairment (VI) in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana, north India.MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two blocks of Jhajjar district. A total of 34 villages were selected using probability proportionate to size sampling method. Adults aged 50 years and above were selected using compact segment cluster sampling approach. Presenting visual acuity using LogMAR E chart was measured along with collection of other demographic details as part of the house-to-house survey. Subjective refraction and torch light examination were performed at a clinic site within the village to ascertain VI and its cause. VI was considered when presenting visual acuity was less than 6/18 in the better eye. Common causes of VI viz uncorrected refractive errors, cataract, central corneal opacity and others were noted by optometrists. Descriptive analysis was undertaken. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for determining associated factors with VI.ResultsOut of 2025 enumerated adults, 1690 (83.5%) were examined at the household level and 1575 (78%) completed all study procedures. The prevalence of VI was found to be 24.5% (95% CI 21.1 to 26.3) and blindness was 5% (95% CI 3.9 to 6.1). The most common causes of VI were uncorrected refractive errors (50%) and cataract (37%). The VI in study participants was found to be associated with age, gender, marital and educational status.ConclusionsVI is still a public health problem in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana. Provision of spectacles and cataract surgical services are simple interventions to address this issue.

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Burden and Factors Associated with Refractive Errors Post Cataract Surgery at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center: A Hospital Based Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

Ophthalmology Research An International Journal ◽

10.9734/or/2020/v12i230142 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 6-16

Author(s):

Livin Uwemeye ◽

William U. Makupa

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Medical Center ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Aims: To determine the burden and factors associated with refractive errors after cataract surgery in a training institution. Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center Eye department. Northern Tanzania, from January 2016 to December 2017. Methods: A review of files of all adult patients who have had cataract surgery in 2016 and 2017 was conducted. A total of 626 eyes of 554 patients who had post-operative refraction by experienced optometrists were included. Information were extracted from patients’ files then entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. The main outcomes were post-operative refraction and best corrected visual acuity. Results: Mean age was 69.3 years (SD=10.7) and ECCE accounted for 76% of surgeries. At least 84.6% had post-operative refractive error and astigmatism was the most common refractive error (56.8%). Spherical error accounted for 27.8%. Spherical error ranged from -12 to 4DS, mean = -0.42 (SD=1.3) DS and median = 0.00DS. The maximum cylindrical error was -7.5 DC, mean = -1.15 (SD=1.36) DC and median = -1.0DC. At least 56% had spherical equivalent within 1D of emmetropia. A BCVA of 6/18 or better was achieved in 92.8%. Age, poor pre-operative VA, poor presenting VA, astigmatism on keratometry, difference between recommended and inserted IOL, ECCE, grade of surgeon and suturing were associated with refractive errors. Conclusion: Refractive errors following cataract surgery are common. Best corrected visual acuity outcome was in normal recommended range; however, the magnitude of refractive errors was high and the proportion of patients who achieved a final refraction within 1D of emmetropia was below the recommended range. An effort should be made to lower the prevalence and magnitude of refractive errors associated with cataract surgery in training institutions.

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Ocular Abnormalities in Children with Down’s Syndrome Attending a Semi Urban Tertiary Care Centre in India - A Cross Sectional Study

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (02) ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

Sujatha Nambudiri ◽

Sinumol Sukumaran Thulaseedharan ◽

Seena T.V

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Team Approach ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Care Centre ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ocular Abnormalities ◽

Children With Down Syndrome

BACKGROUND Down syndrome, first described in 1866, is the most common chromosomal derangement in live births. More than half of the patients with Down syndrome have ophthalmic manifestations. We wanted to evaluate the most common ocular abnormalities in children with Down syndrome in South India. METHODS All children with positive chromosomal analysis report for Down syndrome between 2 - 18 years attending a semi-urban, tertiary medical care centre from 1/1/2013 to 1/1/2015 were included in this hospital based clinical cross sectional study. Detailed ocular examination included visual acuity assessment using age specific tests, diffuse light examination, assessment of ocular alignment, motility, cover tests, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, cycloplegic refraction and direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS In our study, 95 % of children had ocular abnormalities. The most important defects were refractive errors (83.33 %), hyperopia (35 %), myopia 21 % of whom 2 children had high myopia of more than - 6D, and astigmatism (15 %). Among the refractive errors, hyperopia was the commonest. Other ocular abnormalities were cataract (13.33 %), esotropia (13.33 %), exotropia (3.33 %), nystagmus (6.67 %), nasolacrimal duct obstruction (8.3 %) and optic disc coloboma (1.6 %). CONCLUSIONS Refractive errors, strabismus were the most common and significant visual defects identified in children with Down syndrome in our study. Early detection of refractive errors, strabismus and prompt and appropriate intervention like glasses for refractive errors and surgical correction of strabismus is absolutely necessary to prevent development of amblyopia. Improvement of vision accelerates the overall development of the child. Management of Down syndrome children should be a team approach with ophthalmologist playing an important role. These children should have early and regular ophthalmological evaluations to maximise the benefit. KEYWORDS Down Syndrome, Ocular Abnormalities, Visual Acuity in Children

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