scholarly journals Are ‘dual users’ who smoke and use e-cigarettes interested in using varenicline to stop smoking altogether, and can they benefit from it? A cohort study of UK vapers

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e026642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hajek ◽  
Sarrah Peerbux ◽  
Anna Phillips-Waller ◽  
Charlotte Smith ◽  
Kate Pittaccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
High Level ◽  
Study Questionnaire ◽  
Do So

ObjectivesSmokers who use e-cigarettes (EC) do so mostly to stop smoking, but many continue to use both products. It is not known whether these ‘dual users’ are interested in stop-smoking medications and whether they can benefit from them.Setting, participants and measuresDual users were recruited over social media and posted study questionnaire and saliva kits at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Those interested in varenicline were posted the medication and received weekly calls over the first 6 weeks, followed by three calls at fortnightly intervals.ResultsOf 204 participants, 124 (61%, CI=54% to 68%) expressed interest in receiving varenicline and 80 (39%, CI=32% to 45%) started varenicline (varenicline users, VU). VU were more dependent smokers (F=6.2, p=0.01) with higher cigarette consumption (F=8.7, p<0.01) who were using stronger nicotine e-liquids (F=13.9, p<0.001) than dual users not opting for varenicline (varenicline non-users, VN). In terms of abstinence for at least 3 months at the 6-month follow-up, VU were more likely than VN to report abstinence from smoking (17.5% vs 4.8%, p=0.006, RR=3.6, CI:1.4 to 9.0), vaping (12.5% vs 1.6%, p=0.007, RR=7.8, CI:1.7 to 34.5) and both smoking and vaping (8.8% vs 0.8%, p=0.02, RR=10.9, CI:1.4 to 86.6). The differences were significant across sensitivity analyses (RRs=4.9 to 14.0; p=0.02 to p<0.001 at 3 months; RRs=3.0 to 14.0; p=0.01 to p<0.001 at 6 months). VU reported a greater reduction in enjoyment of vaping by the end of the varenicline use period (F=4.1, p=0.04) and recorded a significantly greater reduction in nicotine intake than VN at 3 months (F=13.9, p<0.001) and 6 months (F=26.5, p<0.001).ConclusionVarenicline offered to dual users is likely to promote successful abstinence from both smoking and vaping, although a randomised trial is needed to confirm this. Among dual users who want to stop smoking, there seems to be a high level of interest in smoking-cessation treatments.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes in standard smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders: E-cigarette users show similar if not higher quit rates as those using commonly recommended smoking cessation aids

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolien Adriaens ◽  
Eline Belmans ◽  
Dinska Van Gucht ◽  
Frank Baeyens
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Point Prevalence Abstinence

Abstract Background This interventional-cohort study tried to answer if people who smoke and choose an e-cigarette in the context of smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders are achieving smoking abstinence and how they compare to clients who opt for commonly recommended (or no) aids (nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation medication). Methods Participants were recruited by tobacco counselors. They followed smoking cessation treatment (in group) for 2 months. At several times during treatment and 7 months after quit date, participants were asked to fill out questionnaires and to perform eCO measurements. Results One third of all participants (n = 244) achieved smoking abstinence 7 months after the quit date, with e-cigarette users having higher chances to be smoking abstinent at the final session compared to NRT users. Point prevalence abstinence rates across all follow-up measurements, however, as well as continuous and prolonged smoking abstinence, were similar in e-cigarette users and in clients having chosen a commonly recommended (or no) smoking cessation aid. No differences were obtained between smoking cessation aids with respect to product use and experiences. Conclusions People who smoke and choose e-cigarettes in the context of smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors show similar if not higher smoking cessation rates compared to those choosing other evidence-based (or no) smoking cessation aids.

Facebook Chat Application to Prompt and Assist Smoking Cessation Among Spanish-Speaking Young Adults in South Texas

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992110262
Author(s):  
Patricia Chalela ◽  
Alfred L. McAlister ◽  
David Akopian ◽  
Edgar Munoz ◽  
Cliff Despres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Facebook Advertising

Given how smart phones, internet services, and social media have shown great potential for assisting smoking cessation, we constructed a Facebook chat application based on our previous work with SMS texting services. This report summarizes findings from 2,364 Spanish-speaking young adults recruited through Facebook advertising in South Texas during the 2020 New Year holiday season. Among these service users, 926 (39%) were ready to make a quit attempt, and 26 (3.1%) of those users reported that they were tobacco free 1 month later. There were no responses to a chat question survey 72 days after the dates selected for quitting. Although more research with longer follow up is needed, these findings show that social media chat applications may be helpful for at least prompting quit attempts and short-term cessation among young adult Spanish-speaking smokers. There is no evidence of an impact on long-term cessation, and more research is clearly needed.

scholarly journals Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Using Best-Selling Smoking-Cessation Book

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 258-263
Author(s):  
James P. Foshee ◽  
Anita Oh ◽  
Adam Luginbuhl ◽  
Joseph Curry ◽  
William Keane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Our prospective, randomized, controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the self-help book, The Easy Way to Stop Smoking, by Allen Carr, in promoting smoking cessation in patients with head and neck cancer. We assessed active smokers for their willingness to read a smoking cessation book. Participants were randomized to either receive the book from our department or recommended to purchase the book. All patients received smoking cessation counseling at recruitment. Phone surveys were conducted at short- and long-term intervals to determine if the patients had purchased and/or read the book and whether they were still smoking. One hundred twelve patients were recruited, 52 of whom completed follow-up surveys. Those who received the book for free were more likely to read the book (p = 0.05). Reading the book did not correlate with successful smoking cessation (p = 0.81). Some 26% of the 27 patients who received the book quit smoking compared with 32% of the 25 patients who were recommended the book (p = 0.76). Patients who indicated motivation to quit smoking were more likely to succeed. In our study, smoking cessation did not appear to be influenced by reading The Easy Way to Stop Smoking. Despite 80.8% of the cohort indicating at least a readiness to quit smoking at recruitment, only 28.8% of patients managed to achieve successful smoking cessation at long-term follow-up. Patient motivation remains an important factor in achieving long-term smoking abstinence. Quitting smoking remains a daunting challenge for patients, with multiple interventions likely needed to achieve cessation.

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of Group-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B McClure ◽  
Jonathan Bricker ◽  
Kristin Mull ◽  
Jaimee L Heffner
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Point Prevalence Abstinence

Abstract Introduction Preliminary trial data suggest group-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) might be effective for smoking cessation. If so, this could offer a viable alternative to mainstream behavioral therapies, such as those grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The goal of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of group-delivered ACT versus group-delivered CBT in a rigorous randomized trial design with long-term follow-up. Methods Participants (n = 450) were recruited from the Kaiser Permanente Washington health care system and randomized to either ACT-based group counseling or an attention-matched CBT-based group program. All were prescribed an 8-week course of nicotine patches. The primary outcome was self-reported 30-day point prevalence abstinence at 12 months post-randomization assessed with missing values imputed as smoking. Sensitivity analyses using multiple imputation and complete cases were examined, as were biochemically confirmed and 6-month outcomes. Results Thirty-day point prevalence abstinence rates at the 12-month follow-up did not differ between study arms in the primary analysis (13.8% ACT vs. 18.1% CBT, adjusted odds ratio = 0.68 [95% CI = 0.35 to 1.27], p = .23) or the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Group-based ACT and CBT had similar long-term quit rates in this methodologically rigorous randomized trial. Group-based ACT is a reasonable alternative to group-based CBT for smoking cessation. Implications This study compared the effectiveness of group-based ACT with group-based CBT for smoking cessation using a rigorous, large-scale, attention-matched, randomized trial with 1-year follow-up. One-year cessation rates did not differ between group-based ACT and CBT, suggesting ACT-based intervention is a reasonable alternative to CBT-based counseling for smoking cessation. The results add to the nascent but growing literature assessing ACT and other mindfulness-based treatments for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Predictors of Successful Smoking Cessation in a Family Practice-Based Cardiovascular Risk Factor Intervention Program: ‘Real-World’ Experience From the Heartwatch Program

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Catherine McGorrian ◽  
Moira Lonergan ◽  
Cecily Kelleher ◽  
Leslie Daly ◽  
Patricia Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Established Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Baseline Factors ◽  
Artery Disease

AbstractHeartwatch is an Irish primary care-delivered secondary prevention program for patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to describe the patterns of smoking cessation in Heartwatch and examine the associates of successful smoking cessation. Participants with established CAD were invited to baseline and three-monthly clinic visits. Data on all persons reporting tobacco use at baseline were examined. Associations between smoking cessation and baseline factors were examined using logistic regression models. Data were available on 1,679 Heartwatch patients who were smoking at first visit. One third of smokers (581 participants: 34.6%) achieved smoking cessation during the study period (2003 to 2007), 80.4% of whom remained nonsmokers at end of follow-up. Positive associates of successful smoking cessation included increasing age, male sex, a body mass index > 25 and increasing number of study visits. Negative associates included having a means-tested general medical services allocation, being unemployed, and documentation of stop-smoking advice. All factors except employment status retained statistical significance when examined in a multivariable model. In conclusion, high levels of smoking cessation were achieved in this secondary prevention population of persistent smokers. Associates of successful smoking cessation were identified. Specific stop-smoking strategies should be considered for those subpopulations less likely to quit.

scholarly journals Influence of Social Media on Sexualized Drug Use and Chemsex Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: Observational Prospective Cohort Study

10.2196/17894 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e17894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixin Wang ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Phoenix K H Mo ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Tsun Kwan Mary Ip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Observational Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Sexualized drug use (SDU; the use of any psychoactive substance before or during sexual intercourse) is prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM) and may aggravate the worsening HIV epidemic in this key population. Objective This observational prospective cohort study investigated factors predicting the occurrence of SDU within a 6-month follow-up period among a sample of MSM in Hong Kong. We hypothesized that perceptions related to SDU would mediate the association between the influence of social media/gay social networking apps and SDU during the follow-up period. Methods Participants were Chinese-speaking men in Hong Kong, China who had anal intercourse with at least one man in the past year. Among 600 participants who completed the baseline telephone survey, 407 (67.8%) completed another telephone survey 6 months later. Logistic regression models and path analysis were fitted. Results At Month 6, 6.9% (28/407) and 4.4% (18/407) of participants reported SDU and chemsex during the follow-up period. After adjustment for significant baseline background variables (use of pre-exposure prophylaxis; history of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; anal intercourse with nonregular male sex partners, condomless anal intercourse with men, multiple male sex partnerships, and SDU at baseline), three constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) were significantly associated with SDU during the follow-up period: (1) positive attitudes toward SDU (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.36), (2) perceived support for SDU from significant others (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30), and (3) perceived behavioral control of refraining from SDU (AOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.98). Exposure to information supporting SDU on social media and gay social networking apps was also significantly associated with SDU (AOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22). Bootstrapping analyses indicated that social media influence was indirectly associated with SDU through TPB-related perceptions of SDU (β=.04; B=.002, 95% CI 0.001-0.01). Conclusions Social media and gay social networking apps may be a major source of influence on MSM’s perceptions and actual behaviors related to SDU.

scholarly journals Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e023987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pankova ◽  
Eva Kralikova ◽  
Kamila Zvolska ◽  
Lenka Stepankova ◽  
Milan Blaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Large Weight ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
The Mean

ObjectivesMost people gain weight on stopping smoking but the extent of weight gain varies greatly. Interventions aimed at all quitters to prevent weight gain on cessation have proven unpopular but targeting people who have gained excess weight immediately after quitting may improve uptake and cost-effectiveness. We examined whether early large postcessation weight gain predicts overall large weight gain.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPrimary care setting—smoking cessation centre in Prague, Czech Republic.ParticipantsOut of 3537 patients treated between 2005 and 2013, 1050 were continuous abstainers (verified by carbon monoxide measurement) at 1-year follow-up and formed the cohort of the current report. 48.7% were women (n=511) with the mean age of 46 (±14.4) years.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, all patients underwent usual tobacco dependence treatment using evidence-based methods. Weight was measured prior to smoking cessation and at each visit after quitting.ResultsThe mean weight gain in the first month (n=763) was 0.79% (±2.03%), in the second month (n=646) was 1.49% (±2.58%), for the third month (n=566) 2.33% (±3.44%) and 4.1% (±5.31%) after 1-year follow-up (n=1050). The regression coefficient per 1% rise in the first 3 months was +0.13% (95% CI −0.04% to 0.30%). A receiver operating curve analysis showed that patients gaining more than 0.98% of their baseline weight during first 3 months had a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 44% for gaining 7% or more weight by 12 months. In addition, lower body mass index and an increase in appetite at 3 months after quitting were associated with greater weight gain, while using nicotine replacement therapy was associated with less weight gain at 1-year follow-up.ConclusionsPeople who stop smoking and gain a larger amount of weight early after quitting are not more likely to gain excessively at 1 year.

Elimination of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure after a lung or head and neck (HN) cancer diagnosis and subsequent patient smoking cessation.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 183-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawson Eng ◽  
Devon Alton ◽  
Yuyao Song ◽  
Delaram Farzanfar ◽  
Olivia Krys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Shs Exposure

183 Background: Exposure to SHS after a cancer diagnosis is associated with continued smoking in lung and HN cancer patients (PMID: 24419133, 23765604). However, smoking is a social activity. We evaluated whether elimination of SHS exposure around and after a diagnosis of lung or HN cancer is associated with smoking cessation in the cancer patient. Methods: Lung and HN cancer patients from Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (2006-12) completed questionnaires at diagnosis and follow-up (median 2 years apart) that assessed smoking history and SHS exposures (cohort study). Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated the association of elimination of SHS exposure after a diagnosis of cancer with subsequent smoking cessation, adjusted for significant covariates. A cross-sectional study (2014-15) of 183 lung and HN smoking patients assessed consistency in associations and interest in SHS cessation programs. Results: For the cohort study, 261/731 lung and 145/450 HN cancer patients smoked at diagnosis; subsequent quit rates were 69% and 50% respectively. 91% of lung and 94% of HN cancer patients were exposed to SHS at diagnosis while only 40% (lung) and 62% (HN) were exposed at follow-up. Elimination of SHS exposure was associated with smoking cessation in lung (aOR = 4.76, 95% CI [2.56-9.09], P< 0.001), HN (aOR = 5.00 [1.61-14.29], P< 0.001), and combined cancers (aOR = 5.00 [3.03-8.33], P< 0.001). The cross-sectional study has similar cessation and SHS exposure rates and a similar association for elimination of SHS with smoking cessation (aOR = 3.42 [1.16-10.10], P= 0.03). However when asked directly, only 26% of patients quit smoking with another individual and 13% of patients exposed to SHS had at least 1 interested party in joining a SHS cessation program. Conclusions: Elimination of SHS exposure around patients is significantly associated with smoking cessation in lung and HN cancer patients, but few patients quit smoking together with others around them, despite the ‘teachable moment’ with a cancer diagnosis. Clinicians should encourage patients and their household/friends to quit smoking together to improve cessation rates in cancer patients and those around them.

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